"ZikaRussell teapot". Bertrand Russell: Philosophy

yokuphikisana zonqulo ziye ebesoloko ekho yaye kuya kubakho ixesha elide. Kubukho bukaThixo kukhokelela Inani elikhulu iingxoxo nxamnye ubukho imikhosi kaThixo, amakholwa aba neziphakamiso umthunzi wabo. Ekubeni icala angabonisa okanye ekunene okanye engalunganga kwelinye icala, okanye akakwazi kungakhokelela nawuphi umphumo eziphathekayo kwezi ngxoxo, kodwa izala umlinganiselo elininzi izimvo bulumko, maxa wambi iyinqaba kakhulu umdla.

Kwemvelo iinkolelo zonqulo

Ubunzima iimbambano zonqulo ezinxulumene ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba ngaphezu kwexesha unqulo ukulungisa kuphuhliso inzululwazi, kangangokuba ubukho amandla aphezulu Babengenakuwakhanyela nokubanjwa mzuzu ngeendlela. Okokuqala, umzekelo, uThixo waqonda njenge ubunjalo, ngoko ukuthetha, ehleli ilifu kwaye ujonge ihlabathi wadala, kodwa inkqubela zobunzululwazi ngakumbi siyifake mbuzo.

Kwathi kanti loo ndawo planethi asinguye kuphela, kukho abanye engasamiweyo yi nabani na kwaye akucacanga ukuba kutheni kwakuyimfuneko kuMdali. Ilanga wayengekho isipho omlingo evela oothixo, kodwa kuba inkwenkwezi ethile. Ukwinqwelo-space anifumananga nto leyo engqina ubukho amandla aphezulu. Uninzi lwezinto kucingwe imimangaliso kaThixo kunye nokuloba, uye wachaza izibakala zenzululwazi. UThixo waba ingqiqo ngakumbi yokomoya, kuba ukungqina ukungabikho yinto engabonakali kwaye ezingabonakaliyo kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi.

Bertrand uRussell: Reflections on Religion

Yintoni eyenziwa sobulumko? "ZikaRussell teapot" - isifaniso, egxeka unqulo, ingcali yezibalo ngamandla sobulumko Bertrand Russell kwi-UK. It amelana ingcamango yokuba abathandabuzayo kufuneka ukungqina ukuba falsity izigwebo zonqulo, yaye zabangakholwayo - banyanisile.

Kucingelwa ukuba le iketile Russell lijikeleza ukujikeleza Emhlabeni, kodwa incinane kakhulu ukuba asikwazi ukubona nayiphi jonga elula okanye izixhobo ngeenkwenkwezi eziphambili kakhulu. Bertrand Russell wabhala ukuba wongeza kwezo amagama nje phambi iketile akanako, wawancamisa ekuhleni, kungekho bani unelungelo ungaqiniseki ukuba bakhe, kunye mazwi ebeya uphambene. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko ukuba leyinene iketile kungqinwe iincwadi zamandulo ubunyani bayo ethetha abantwana esikolweni, wayeshumayela. Ukungabikho ukholo kuye ange kwabonakala zasemzini, abangakholwayo ukuba izigulane ngengqondo okanye amaxhoba Kwamacala.

Bertrand Russell: Philosophy Isifaniso

Intsingiselo yamazwi uRussell wehlela yokuba ayizizo zonke iziphakamiso zithembekile, kwaye bubudenge ukuba sikholelwe ezintweni zonke.

A ichibi elikhulu ulwazi lwenzululwazi yamkelwa ekufundiseni ngokholo. Kalula nje, le ndlela, kunye nabantu bayavuma yaye khumbula oko. Akukho mntu ubonisa amakhulu amawaka imithetho, theorems kunye neengcamango. Oku akuyomfuneko - baye eqiqa kwaba ngaphambili. Ukuba oyifunayo, baya kubonisa kwakhona, nje musani ukwenza nayiphi ingqiqo ukwenza oku xa kwinzululwazi kusekho izinto ezininzi ongaziwayo kunye eyay.

Kodwa ubukho bukaThixo, yaye akukho namnye wakha ngokucacileyo akazange ukuwuphumeza, apho egxininisa Bertrand Russell. Iincwadi, hayi kanye mandithi, unyango ezahlukeneyo zabantu ezahlukeneyo iincwadi ezingcwele, wongezelela kuphela xaka. Ukuba abangakholelwayo nabagxeki of Christianity ngokubanzi ndiyaqonda kubo njengoko ingqokelela yeentsomi namabali, abe ixabiso elithile kwimbali nenkcubeko, kodwa ubukhulu becala ihonjiswe kwaye kude inyaniso, abo bakholwayo ukuba uxwebhu lunokuthenjwa ukuba ngaba umbuzo.

hlolani unprovable

Yintoni uthi Bertrand Russell, sisebenza kuphela ukuba unqulo. Oku kunokuba naziphi na iinkolelo abangakwaziyo ukulahlwa lokulinga. Kwaye hayi kuphela malunga iinkolelo umntu esempilweni, kodwa kukho impambano ecacileyo. Ukwahlula phakathi umntu elaneleyo wezengqondo -patient xa uqala, akunzima. Kodwa akubi njalo raving ingqondo fevered ukuphikisa eksperimenti ecacileyo ngenzululwazi. Kwaye ukusukela ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuphikisa, ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba le ngxelo ubutyhakala bakhe - ubuxoki? Akunjalo, kuba ngaphandle Kucacile ukuba aziqhelekanga. Oko kukuthi, enyanisweni, kuyimfuneko nokungayihoyi nantoni na ubungqina.

Isifaniso okanye iqhinga nasengqondweni?

Kanye abaxhasi ezininzi ukunganaki, akazange kusinda ukugxekwa amakholwa kunye Bertrand Russell. Reflections on inkolo le ndoda, kwaye ingakumbi umzekeliso tea - ukuba omnye, njengoko icebo engqondweni. Ngokutsho kwabo, ukuba, balikhupha eli porcelain teapot efanelekileyo, nto leyo ayikwazi ukubhabha emajukujukwini, umzimba isithuba real - Ibhanti, hluleka yayo imvume ngqiqweni.

Enyanisweni, akukho izizathu zokukholelwa "teapot Russell kaThixo", ukongeza izityholo yombhali, akukho. Nangona unqulo aluzange ngenxa kokuyaphula kubukho - amakholwa ukuqaphela ekhoyo. Ngamnye kubo babe argument zabo kule, kunokuba yahluke kakhulu. Kodwa ukholo lwabo ayisekelwanga kwi ingxelo eyodwa injongo.

kuyenzeka ukuba zingayingqini loo nto?

Intsingiselo oko Bertrand Russell wathi ngonqulo, yaye imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Ukuba into enengqondo ayinakwenzeka ukufikelela okanye babonise oko, ngoko ke ayisekho yaye akanalo ilungelo lokuba khona. Kodwa kwimbali kukho imizekelo apho ezinye ezifunyaniswe kwenziwa speculatively. Umzekelo, Democritus walatha ubukho athom, nangona ngelo xesha le ngxelo bevuthela ziziyobisi, kodwa ubungqina ayikwazanga kuqwalaselwa. Ngoko ke asikwazi ukuvala amathuba ukuba ezinye iingxelo evakaliswe ngabantu namhlanje kamva qinisekiswa kwaye ngokwenzululwazi.

Enyanisweni, lo ukugxekwa lonqulo kubandakanya iindlela ezimbini - uThixo ukho okanye hayi. Kwaye kuba ubukho balo ayikwazi kunokuveliswa ubungqina, ngoko ke akukho. Oku kushiya wesithathu ukhetho ukhohliwe "asazi." Le unqulo ukufumana i isiqinisekiso ngokupheleleyo ubukho amagunya awongamileyo. Kodwa ndinalo nokholo kwabo. Yaye "thina asazi" yesayensi ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela abantu ukuba bakholwe.

izimvo malunga

Thelekisa "teapot Russell, 'aze uThixo ukuba umntu abe abaziziyatha. Ngu ngoluvo Russell rhoqo ifakwe iketile kufuneka anikwe iipropati ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ke Isifaniso khangela etyeni. I eziqhelekileyo ezithile kuzo zonke iti ngokumila apho kucacile yayikukuba yena, kungekhona ipleyiti okanye isitya sugar - it a ubukhulu kunye nobunzima ethile, kwenziwa kungekhona zonke izinto, njl Ke ukuba ndikunike eli hlobo zentengiso ongenakonakala, onke, ongenakubonakala .. , iphakade, kunye nezinye iimpawu elililo, oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba iketile, t. ukuba. ndibandezwe zonke iimpawu ezenza oko kubo.

Ekubeni charter yayo kwenye woonongendi

Ukuba sicinga ibinzana ukuba isigwebo akanako, wawancamisa ekuhleni, ngoko kakhulu kukho yintswela. UThixo - ingqiqo efanelekileyo behlabathi yokomoya, okungalungelaniyo kwihlabathi lethu eziphathekayo. Kodwa tea - ke into ebambekayo, yokuphulaphula imithetho physics kunye nazo zonke ezinye imithetho yenzululwazi ezikhona iplanethi yethu. Kwaye siyazi le migaqo, sitsho ngengqiniseko singabhengeza ukuba iketile akukho ngokupheleleyo ungenisa Earth orbit. Kodwa ke imithetho elawula ihlabathi ngokomoya, abantu baza kwaziwa, kwaye ukuza kweli hlabathi kunye nemithetho yabantu, ezinokukhokelela ekuchithekeni ukudideka kunye iimpazamo.

UThixo babe imbangela indalo yethu; kuyo yonke imbali, ugcwalisa Unokukuthuthuzela xa yezinto ezibangela kunye neziphumo. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo imibono yabantu. Kodwa ukholo iketile nto ezingasafunekiyo, ngokuba akukho inzuzo yokuziphatha okanye izinto kuyo.

ukwahluka Modern Isifaniso Russell

"Teapot kaRussell" yaba sisiseko kwezinye iimfundiso zonqulo ahlekisayo namhlanje. Phakathi kakhulu idumileyo yaba Flying Monster Pasta kunye inqu emqeleni engabonakaliyo pink.

Zombini ezi pseudo ukunciphisa nokholo amakhulu ukuya ngqiqweni kwaye uzame ukubonisa yeemeko yayo, ie ukuba uyakwazi ukuzicingela ukuba nawuphi na umfanekiso kaThixo ubize kuphela ekunene, ngaphandle kokunika ubungqina kwimeko yakhe. Ngapha koko, njengoko unako ukungqina ukuba inqu emqeleni ngokwenene pink ukuba ungenakubonwa?