I-tigm Tasmanian okanye ingcuka ye-marsupial

Leli silwanyana linamagama amaninzi, kuphela nje ongenakukubona emhlabeni. Iilwanyana libizwa ngokuthi "i-tasman marsupial wolf", "tilatsin", "volkogolovy opossum" kunye ne "zebra wolf". Ngokutsho kweefoto ezigcinwe, intloko nomzimba wezilwanyana zihambelana nayo kunye nesilwanyana esilungileyo samahlathi ethu, kwaye i-tiger yachithwa ngenxa yamacwecwe amnyama amanqabileyo amnyama emacaleni nasemacaleni. Kodwa ngokuphonononga ngokubanzi, kubangalisa ukuba kwimilo yeendlebe kunye ne-muzzle, umsila kunye nemilenze ye-hindle ngokukodwa, i-animal extinct ifana ne-marsupials, kwaye isikhwama sesidumbu esiswini sinqumla konke ukungathandabuzeki kulo mbuzo. Ngoko ke siyazi ntoni ngoku ngokumangalisa?

I-Tilatsin njengeentlobo zavela malunga nezigidi ezingama-35 zeminyaka edlulileyo enyakatho yelizwekazi laseMzantsi Afrika. Emva kwexesha elithile wahlala kwilizwekazi lonke, wangena eAntarctica (apho ngelo xesha yayingagungqiwe ngokupheleleyo ngeqhwa), kwaye kwafika ku-New Guinea, eTasmania nase-Australia. Phantse iminyaka eyi-8 yezigidi ezedlulileyo, uMzantsi kunye neMntla yaseMerika badibanise, kunye ne-golden age of tilatsin yaphela: ukusuka ngasenyakatho kufika izilwanyana ezinqabileyo, kunye nama-marsupial, njengeminyaka emibini, kufuneka abuyele. Ngenguqu yemozulu, iintlobo zezilwanyana zafela e-Antarctica. Phantse iminyaka engamawaka asixhenxe eyadlulayo (le yile minyaka yokuhlala kwayo), i-predator marsupial yanyamalala eNew Guinea-mhlawumbi ngenxa yokusuleleka kwintsholongwane. Phantse iminyaka engamawaka amabini edlulileyo, ama- aborigines ase-Australia azisa inja ye-dingo, eyabhubhisa i-tilacin yabantu kwilizwe elihlaza.

Ngenxa yoko, xa abaYurophu bokuqala befika eAustralia, ingcuka ye-marsupial yagcinwa kuphela kwisiqithi saseTasmania. Ekuqaleni, abantu baseYurophu-abagwebi abazange bacinezele le nkomo kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqala kokuzaliswa kwezimvu zesidumbu esikhulu se-marsupial, abantu babekwe kwi "uluhlu olumnyama". Iimbongolo zaqala ukugqitywa ngenceba. Ukugqwesa konke, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabini, kwandipha isifo se-canine kwisiqithi, apho i-tilacins nayo yayingenako. Nangona ukuba emva kwesifo abanye abantu basinda, ezi ntlobo zengozi zazingeniswa phantsi komthetho kaRhulumente ekukhuselweni kwezilwanyana zase-1928 kwiluhlu lwezilwanyana ezikhuselekile. Ingcuka yokugqibela yasendle yabulawa ngo-1930, kwaye ngowe-1936 kwi-zoo yedolophu yaseAustralia yaseHotart, ingcuka yokugqibela yafa ekuguga, eyayiphila ekuthinjweni.

Kwaye kuphela ngokufa kwelokugqibela kwiplanethi yenkampu yeTagmanian tiger, uluntu lwalukrakra: ngo-1938 ukuzingela kwakungavunyelwe kuye. Nangona kunjalo ukuba ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kukho iingxelo ukuba isilwanyana esifanayo sibonakala, sive, sitholakale sifana nemigca yaso, njl., Ingcuka ye-marsupial ichazwa ngokusemthethweni ngeentlobo eziphelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngoxa-ke, ngo-1963, amagunya aseTasmanian amisa ingcwele malunga neLake St. Clair. Ngokuphuhliswa kobunjineli bemvelo , ithemba laphinde lavuselela "ukuvuselela" i-tilatsin, eyayiye yangena ekugqibeleni. Ngo-1999, umsebenzi waqala ukuchaza iDNA yezilwanyana. Iingcamango ezijoliswe kukukhonywa kwelo lwanyana ziyaqhubeka, kodwa ngoku azinzanga iziphumo.

Kuba namhlanje sineenkcazo kuphela zokubonakala kwezilwanyana nezithombe ezingekho mgangatho ophezulu. Ingcuka ye-marsupial yayinjengenja ye-sand-color. Ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, irhamncwa lalifuduka njengenja, kwaye iqhunywe ngokukhawuleza njenge-kangaroo. Kwaye isilwanyana esingaqhelekanga sasinomlomo omangalisayo: savuleka i-degrees 120! Amazinyo e-tylacins ayekhudlwana kunezo zimpisi, kwaye amandla omhlathi ayakwazi ukuphula amathambo amaxhoba. Ijubane laseTasmanian londla kakhulu i-opossums, i-kangaroos encinci, iindwendwe kunye neentaka.

Ingcuka ye-marsupial ayiyeki ukuhlutha isazela yoluntu kunye nesimo sayo sokubonisa. Abantu bayenqaba ukukholelwa ukuba le nkomo isishiye ngonaphakade. Kukho nethemba lokuba umhlambi, ofundiswa ngethuba elibuhlungu lokuthetha nabantu, usaphila kwiindawo ezinzima ukufikelela kumahlathi aseTasmania. UTed Turner, umvakalisi waseMerika, wanikela umvuzo wekhulu lamawaka eedola kumntu onokubamba i-tilatsin ephilayo. Kungekudala, umagazini weBulletin wenyusa ixabiso lobhaso kwi-1.25 yezigidi zase-Australia.