Abahloli Modern kunye bakufumeneyo

Kubonakala ngathi, ngoku baya zezi discoverers iintsuku, akwasala kwimephu amatshatshazi amhlophe. Kodwa kwenzeka, yaye namhlanje ungenza zokuhamba ukufunda neekona obufihlakeleyo planethi. Masithi sele sithe safumanisa onke amazwekazi neziqithi, nokuba evela emajukujukwini ungabona kwiindawo kakhulu ingafikeleleki kwaye olukude, ewumise ingqondo yomntu nxanelwe ulwazi ngokwalo imingeni emitsha kwaye ukuzisombulula, acwangcise zobuntlola. Ngoobani umhambi mihla le nkulungwane yama-21?

Amagama umhambi lwangoku

Xa sikhumbula aba vulindlela eziziingangamsha, kunye omkhulu Columbus, Magellan, Cook, Bellingshausen and various, kunye nabanye, sithetha bexesha zethu. Amagama Cousteau, Heyerdahl, Sienkiewicz, Konyukhov kunye nezinye abaphandi nazo ivakala ingoma ekufundweni iplanethi yethu. abahambi Modern nokufumanisa wabo obalaseleyo umzekelo ukuyilandela.

UJacques Iv Kusto

Cousteau - le yesazi omkhulu, isazinzulu waseFrance uphando. Nanku lo mntu eyafumana ihlabathi kwamanzi eluntwini. Izandla zakhe zenziwa iiglasi ngenxa diving, lo aqualung yokuqala, baxhotyiswa isitya wokuqala zenzululwazi ukufunda iinzulu zolwandle. Enakho wadubula kuqala umboniso emanzini.

Kuba ngqa abantu ithuba lokuba ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo emanzini, liwuthe ukuya kubunzulu-90 m. Phantsi kobunkokheli Cousteau zobuntlola yokuqala kwamanzi ahlelwa. Okokuqala yaba uphando zakudala phantsi lwaselwandle edubula iziziba kwiikhilomitha ezininzi.

Xa Cousteau wadala "isosara kwamanzi" - i mini-ngwenya kuphononongwa ngamathuba kumhlathi kwamanzi liye landa ngendlela emangalisayo. Ukuqhubeka yayisekelwe ngexesha izitishi zophando kwamanzi apho abahambi mihla siphila iinyanga eziliqela yaye wenze imigqaliselo ngqo elwandle.

Isiphumo iminyaka lomsebenzi izifundo Cousteau ihlabathi ehamba baqalisa iincwadi kunye movie ithandwa kakhulu: "I-Silent Yehlabathi", "World Ngaphandle Sun" bamaxwebhu series "Hidden Odyssey Cousteau". Ukususela ngowe-1957, koko wabubhekisa i Oceanographic Museum e Monaco. "Cousteau Society for woLondolozo lweNdalo Marine" yasekwa ngo-1973.

Phakathi iimbeko zakhe, ekholelwa eziphambili iButho iMbeko. Cousteau wafa ngo-1997 e-Paris.

Aqui Heyerdahl

Eli gama uyazi ukuba nabani na wanomdla kancinane zokuhamba. Bi Heyerdahl kohambo odumileyo kwenziwa ukungqina umbono wakhe phezu ngokuqukunjelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi.

Heyerdahl kuqala ukubeka phambili ingcamango yokuba iziqithi Polynesia wathunyelwa nelinabemi nabafuduki eMzantsi Merika. Ukungqina le ngcamango, abahambi mihla phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe hambo ezingalindelekanga balsa isihlenga "Kon-ziitiki" ulwandle Pacific. Emana malunga 8000 km ngeentsuku 101, hambo bafika eTuamotu Islands. Kulo mzekelo, i isihlenga iye yaqinisekisa ukubagcina wayo, kwaye ukuba igwebu, mhlawumbi yayiphelela ngaphandle kude nonxweme Asia.

Oku kwalandelwa matutu kwi ngengcongolo iphenyane "Ra" yaye "Ra-2", nto leyo ababandakanyekayo compatriot yethu kaYuri Senkevich. Boat "vekele", ukuqubha apho wayeza ukubonisa amathuba unxibelelwano phakathi kweMilambo kunye usingasiqithi ka Hindustan, yatshiswa liqela bekhalaza nxamnye inyathelo zomkhosi kufuphi nonxweme Djibouti, kwaye azizange zigqitywe hambo.

Heyerdahl kwiindawo ezininzi bungayelelani ihlabathi yenzululwazi wabeka phambili iingcamango zabo. Iminyaka emininzi wafundela iimfihlelo Easter Island, ingakumbi imvelaphi emifanekisweni eqingqiweyo amatye odumileyo. Tours bathi imifanekiso isigebenga ayenziwa kwaye zisiwe kwendawo abantu besiqithi, apho kungekho izixhobo zale mihla ukuze kungonakali namatye kunye nezithuthi. Yaye iziphumo zophando kwakhe ivuso, nangona ayibonwa zizazinzulu ezininzi.

Yemibono edidayo Heyerdahl qaphela kwakhona ibali ubudlelwane phakathi Vikings kunye nabemi eCaucasus kunye Azov. Wayekholelwa ukuba Vikings - ukusuka North neAsia. Kodwa ukubonisa le ngcamango athintele ukufa ngo-2002.

Heyerdahl iincwadi ezininzi malunga izimvo zakhe ngomhla kuphuhliso ihlabathi yokuhamba, films documentary ezenziwe ngazo Nangoku imincili kakhulu kwaye umdla kumntu wonke.

kaYuri Senkevich

umhambi Modern Russian nempi yenkqubo TV ethandwa kwilizwe lethu, "Uhambo Club", umhloli polar, yena inxaxheba kwi-12 Soviet Antarctic hambo.

Ngowe-1969, lo mbutho ohambo kwi "Ra" kohor Heyerdahl wabhala ileta eya Academy of Sciences USSR kunye nesimemo inxaxheba ugqirha lwakhe ulwazi kakuhle ulwimi IsiNgesi, kunye namava kuloo matutu kunye ukuncokola. Ukhetho bawa phezu Sienkiewicz. Bechwayitile nokuzila, abanethemba ubomi kunye izakhono weprakthishina, uYuri ngokukhawuleza wenza abahlobo kunye Heyerdahl kunye namanye amalungu eqela.

Kamva, azikho nje inxaxheba zobuntlola edume Norwegian. izifundo ezininzi Heyerdahl yaziwa umbukeli eSoviet nangoko Bulelani kumboniso kamabonakude, leyo lwenziwa yi kaYuri Senkevich. "Club kinoputeshestvy" laba amaninzi window ehlabathini, likuvumela ukuba uqhelane ngeendawo umdla ehlabathini. ukudluliselwa iindwendwe baba umhambi mihla: Heyerdahl, Cousteau, Yatsek Palkevich, uCarlo Mauri, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Sienkiewicz wathabatha inxaxheba inkxaso ezinokubangwa zobuntlola North Pole and Mount Everest. KaYuri Alexandrovich wafa ngo-2006 phezu iseti yenkqubo elandelayo TV.

Tim Severin

abahambi ezininzi ukuphinda iindlela omkhulu kunye nabahloli yexesha elidlulileyo. Enye edumileyo - waseBritani Tim Severin.

uhambo lwakhe lokuqala wenza emanyathelweni Marco Polo nokungalawuleki. Emva kokushiya Venice, Severin kunye namaqabane akhe sawela phantse lonke lelaseAsiya wafikelela kwimida China. ukuba kukhona ukuqabelisa olo hambo, njengoko imvume ukuba atyelele eli lizwe ukuba zamkelwe. izifundo balandela le Mississippi River (ngoxa ukuhamba ecaleni ngalo iphenyane kunye lahamba). Le hambo elandelayo - waseSt Brendan wokuba i-Atlantic ..

Ngenxa yeempembelelo yi adventures sinbad lo matiloshe, Severin wenza utshintsho ukusuka Oman ukuya eTshayina kwi umkhumbi, ekhokelwa kuphela iinkwenkwezi. Ngowe-1984, Severin neqela angama-20 yaphinda umzila we Argonauts e Colchis (West Georgia). Kunyaka olandelayo wenza uhambo emanyathelweni Odysseus evela kumbongo Homer ngayo igama elifanayo ukungonakali.

Ezi nje ezinye iindlela Severin. On adventures bakhe, wabhala incwadi umdla, kodwa ngenxa "Journey sinbad kaThixo" wawongwa yodumo Thomas Cook.

abahambi Modern 21

Ngaphandle kokuba inkundla kwenkulungwane yama-21, umoya wothando amazwe kunye zokuhamba alukapheli. Ke ngoku kukho abantu abangakwaziyo ukuhlala ethe zava emakhaya, uthanda esingazaziyo, esingazaziyo.

Phakathi kwazo kukho abahambi mihla Russian. Mhlawumbi eyona idumileyo kubo Fyodor Konyukhov.

Fedor Konyukhov

igama layo idla wongezelela kwi "lokuqala". Waba wokuqala baseRashiya batyelela izibonda ezintathu Umhlaba: North, South, kwaye Everest. Eyokuqala ehlabathini iphumelele izibonda ezintlanu - bekongezwayo Pole lwangaphambili nokungafumaneki e Antarctica Cape Horn, sijongwa ezinjalo boaters. Eyokuqala i baseRashiya woyisa "Big Ezisixhenxe" - sikhwele iincopho iphezulu kuwo onke amazwekazi ngaphandle Europe kunye Asia ngokwahlukeneyo.

Ngenxa matutu ezininzi, ubukhulu becala kakhulu. Abakhwenyana wenza abajikelezayo abane kwi kwezikhephe ehlabathini lonke. Ilungu yenguqu Ski "USSR - iNorth Pole - Canada".

iincwadi zakhe zifundwa kakhulu mnye umoya. Kwaye kwizicwangciso elizayo - ukuhamba emhlabeni wonke ngebhaluni yomoya.

nguDmitry Shparo

Ekuqaleni: umkhenkethi polar nomphandi. Phayaa ngowe-1970, koko wabubhekisa kwiphulo ski ukuya kwiziqithi Komsomolskaya PRAVDA. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wenza uhambo ukuya Taimyr Peninsula ekhangela ekugcinwa edume wamazwe polar Eduard Toll. Ngowe-1979, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, kuye kwenziwa kwiphulo lokuqala lwehlabathi ski ku North Pole.

Enye maphulo abadumileyo - eKhanada ngokusebenzisa i-Arctic Ocean njengenxalenye kwiphulo joint eSoviet-waseKhanada.

Ngowe-1998, kunye nonyana nasemkhenkceni babewela lo wethu Strait. Ngowe-2008, ahlela zobuntlola ezimbini ukuya North Pole. Omnye wabo yaziwa ngokuba impumelelo yehlabathi yokuqala Pole nasemkhenkceni ebusuku. A Abantu yesibini inxaxheba abatsha abaminyaka yobudala eyi-16-18.

NguDmitry Shparo - Club Umququzeleli we "Adventure." Iziko uqhuba marathons kwilizwe liphela kunye nokuthabatha inxaxheba kwabantu kwisitulo sezigulana esinamavili. Eyona idumileyo yaba ukwenyuka Kazbek esinamavili amazwe eCaucasus, eRussia eNorway.

abahamba mihla

Geography yokuhamba mihla ebanzi kakhulu. Ngokomthetho yaziwa sincinane kunye neendawo ezisemaphandleni Umhlaba. Ezi uhambo badla kwenzeka phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, efuna nokusebenzisa yonke imikhosi.

Kakade ke, kwinqaku elinye kunzima ukugquma zonke amagama. Anatoly Khizhnyak ukuhlola izizwe eyaziwa sincinane emahlathini we Amazon kunye Papua New Guinea ... uNahomi Uemura, yedwa wenze uhambo kwi North Pole, ukuqubha Amazon, oyisa Mont Blanc, i Matterhorn, Kilimanjaro, Akonkugua Everest ... lukaReinhold Messner, umntu wokuqala , ukwenyuka bonke 14 asibhozo-thousanders zehlabathi ... Ngokuba elowo kubo kunokwenzeka ukuba abhale incwadi eyahlukileyo. adventures zabo bakhuthaze izizukulwana abancinane lwabahambi.