Afghanistan imfazwe. War Afghanistan (1979-1989)

I indawo elilungileyo geographical nakwinkqubo kuphuhliso Afghanistan lusoloko negalelo kuphela kukuba kwamanye amazwe zithi kwezinye izinto lwengingqi kaRhulumente. Afghanistan kuye ngokuphindaphindiweyo sele phantsi ngesinyanzeliso amajoni lutshaba, kuye kwakho iimfazwe ezininzi apho. Kodwa kukho nto kweli lizwe, isiganeko nanto xa urhulumente uye buqu wacela uncedo eSoviet Union ukuphelisa zoqhankqalazo zenzeka kwiRiphabliki Afghanistan. yaqala Imfazwe, apho kusekho linye. Amabutho Soviet negalelo kuphela kuphuhliso kwembambano kunye umphakathi, kwaye inkcaso abachaphazelekayo lonke ihlabathi.

ngumba

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuhlaselwa imikhosi yiSoviet e Afghanistan, njengoko ibango ngabasemagunyeni waseUSSR, ngumnqweno ukuxhasa abaxhasi kwengqiqo yobusoshiyali ezikhona kwizithuba ezibalaseleyo karhulumente emva revolution Epreli, kodwa kamva wazibonela nokumelana eliqele phambi eliphikisayo. Malunga kwimfazwe e Afghanistan uthi isixa esikhulu lomsebenzi, kodwa uninzi lwabo iyaphikisana.

Noko ke, abaninzi abaphengululi bayavuma ukuba yonke eSoviet Union wagqiba ukuba athathe inxaxheba ungquzulwano emkhosini, kuba wayezimisele Nokwethisa i linjalo Islamic abaye bafumana amandla kuloo ndawo emva kokuba Revolution of Iran ngo-1979.

imvelaphi International

Ukuvela yongquzulwano negalelo sengqondo yembono ye-USSR. Afghanistan, imfazwe eyayiza waziqhekeza kwaye ngaphandle ukuhlaselwa yiSoviet, kungabangela ngesibetho esikhulu abantu abayakungena kwizikhundla zoluntu, ngaphandle kokuba umfutho ukubhukuqwa urhulumente pro-eSoviet. Ukongeza, ukusasazeka fundamentalism, kodwa destabilization imeko yezopolitiko, lonto ingachaphazela kakhulu i-Central Asia. Ngokwe ngxelo yiSoviet Union, ukuthatha inxaxheba kungquzulwano ngezixhobo, urhulumente ekhokelwa yi "Ukusebenzisana yesigaba." Politburo kwakhona ukuthethelela izenzo zabo kwamanye amazwe, kusithiwa ukuba hlaselo kungenxa izibheno okuphindwayo karhulumente Afghanistan uncedo ekulweni nemikhosi anti-government.

Njengoko kwakuqalisa imfazwe?

Kuninzi okuthethiweyo Afghanistan, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda oko kuyinyaniso kwaye bubuxoki, kuba naliphina inyathelo zomkhosi yaphuhliswa phantsi kweempembelelo izinto ubuncinane eziliqela. Longquzulwano ka 1979-1989 - yenye amanqanaba imfazwe yamakhaya e Afghanistan, ngexesha apho ummandla eentloko ezaxhobela langoku Soviet owayefuna ukwenza uxolo. Kwelinye icala imikhosi ye-Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, kwelinye - amalungu abaxhobileyo inkcaso, eyaziwa ngokuba mujahideen, okanye spooks. Kwicala eliphumelelayo ninga ningazuza ukulawula inani phezu lonke elo lizwe.

anokuvela Limited of 40 Army

Igama oluqhelekileyo zonke iiyunithi eentloko ezaxhobela Soviet ngokuhlala phezu kummandla Afghanistan - a anokuvela elinganiselweyo, amandla walo ongundoqo yaba Army 40. Last Colonel-Jikelele, wakhokela ekurhoxisweni yomkhosi, wathi akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi, uloyiso yiSoviet kwi longquzulwano okanye, phezu koko, ilahlekile. Ngokuqinisekileyo sinokuthi kuphela ukuba amajoni abanyamezela ngayo umsebenzi phambi kwabo yaye bakwazi ukubuyela ekhaya. ezininzi iingxaki ziye ujongene komdibaniso 40 Army. Kwindawo yokuqala, imikhosi yiSoviet e Afghanistan kufuneka kunceda urhulumente ilizwe ukuzinzisa le meko kwaye igalelo nesiphelo imfazwe. Oku kwenziwa ikakhulu ulawulo imikhosi inkcaso exhobileyo. Ukongeza, imikhosi Soviet kwi kummandla uMbuso ukuthintela ugonyamelo kwi inxalenye kwamanye amazwe. Ngokutsho sashiya, 40 Umkhosi ukumelana ngokupheleleyo le misebenzi.

iziphumo ingxabano

Ngapha koko, amajoni Soviet zaye urhoxile Afghanistan Februwari 15, umlawuli Najibullah nolawulo, unamathele iingcamango ngokuphandle pro-zeSoviet yabhukuqwayo kweminyaka emithathu kamva, waza wawa kuphela xa eRashiya wayeka ukuxhasa oko, oko kukuthi ngowe-1992. Uthatho-nxaxheba kolu qela wathabatha intsimi Mujahideen. Ngexesha lemfazwe, umonakalo lowo hhayi kuphela Republic of Afghanistan. Imfazwe iye negalelo ukumanywa kwizithuba radicals Islamic kunye nokudalwa iqela abanqolobi Al-Qaeda. Kusenjalo nangoku lwabasunguli impixano ehlabathini jikelele, ingakumbi Chechnya, Algeria neYiputa.

Ngubani na owenyuka waya kulwa e Afghanistan?

Imfazwe isoloko ekufuneka ngamajoni, nokuba izenzo inkcaso encinane okanye enkulu-iscale emdeni kumazwe aliqela. Abantu Soviet wanamathela uluvo lokuba wathumela iinqwelo e Afghanistan amakhwenkwe elinesibhozo, owaba nyanzelekile ukuba abe wefula kunaso. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso. Inxalenye enkulu wamajoni zithunyelwa Afghanistan ngokuzithandela, amanye tlhela yi bubuxoki yiSoviet, abanye ukufumana isikolo ngokwenene ebomini, abanye ukukhusela kwilizwe labo. Kwakukho, Kakade ke, nabo ubuyeleyo ukuba ube yinxalenye imfazwe langaphandle nxamnye nokuthanda kwakhe, ngokomyalelo kurhulumente, yaye baba baninzi. Akumangalisi oku, kuba amajoni ezithunyelwa imfazwe, ukuba okunene akazange abe nolwalamano olukhethekileyo. amaqhawe eceleni waya kuyo ukukhusela kwilizwe lawo ukulwela ikamva elingcono kwilizwe labo. Kuba abanye abemi USSR kwakungenakwenzeka, yaye kwabonakala kubo ukuba lo ngomnye nkohliso oozwilakhe abaphembeleli. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye enkulu namagosa amajoni zithunyelwa emfazweni ngokwesicelo sakhe; abanye ngokuba umxakatho nozuko, ezinye imali yaye abanye - nje ukuba zihlole.

yesiqinisekiso ogqwesileyo konke oku kungasentla kukuba ekwindla ka-1988, xa ubomi ezininzi emkhosini Afghanistan liphelile, kwaye ke uye ekhaya, akazange aqonde. Amajoni ngokwabo basibongoza ukuba sihlale iinyanga nje ezimbalwa kakhulu abaqalayo abangenazo amava afanelekileyo kodwa, hayi kubulawa.

iilahleko USSR

Hayi ngaphandle wabulawa Afghanistan lizwe. War of 1979 ibango ubomi obuninzi wamajoni Soviet. Noko ke, ukuba ilahleko yonyaka eSoviet Union ngowe-1537 bafikelela umntu avareji, utshaba ubunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Ngokutsho imithombo eyahlukeneyo, babulawa ngexesha lephulo yonke yabantu 1 yezigidi-1.2 million. Kakade ke, enye enesiqingatha amawakawaka abantu - inani elikhulu, kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba amajoni eSoviet kwafuneka ukuba baphile kwindawo angaqhelekanga sezulu engaqhelekanga. Thelekisa: umzekelo, e-Iraq, yabulala amajoni 3677, nokuba ucinga ukuba inzuzo isixhobo kwicala le United States.

iziphumo

A lot of amajoni Soviet, ngokufuthi Ndandisemncinci kakhulu, wathunyelwa Afghanistan. Le yimfazwe Ayafuneka, yaye abazange zidanise nokuba urhulumente okanye abemi. Aba bantu nesibindi abaye bakwazi ukuzikhusela kwilizwe lawo, ukukhusela abo babathandayo. Iran, Afghanistan, Chechnya ... zange kudlule imfazwe ngaphandle kwegazi, kodwa emkhosini eSoviet yakwazi ukwenza konke oko kwakufuneka kubo, baphulukene ubuncinane inani ubomi. Yaba isigqibo USSR ichanekile okanye akunjalo, ngoku akukho kubaluleke kangaka, ijaji kade. Abafileyo musa kubuya, kodwa ubomi ezi zamaqhawe anceda ekomelezeni uxolo kweli lizwe lethu. Ngapha koko, le nto bona kanye oko bafuna.