Amahlelo Russian emali. yamaphepha Modern Russian

Ticket Bank of Russia - iindlela ezisemthethweni intlawulo ezisetyenziswa yonke imida ye-Russian Federation. Ilungelo ukukhupha yamaphepha ze-Central Bank kuphela. Bona biyela ngomgunyathi iimpawu ezizodwa ukuchana ekuphumezeni apho izisombululo zobugcisa zale mihla kusetyenziswa.

Iyunithi yomlinganiselo ye yokuhlawula amatyala, leyo kufuneka amahlelo Russian ke imali engange Russian njengoko lwemali kazwelonke. inqaku ngalinye ukuba nenani elinye ezizinzileyo. Loo kugqiba yokuhlawula amatyala engamaphepha ngokweemali engange Russian.

indaba

imali Paper wabonakala eRashiya ngo-1769. Ezo zabizwa amanqaku imele ukuzibophelela ngawo obizwa akwazi ukufumana imali ebhankini kwi-mali efanelekileyo wesiqhelo. Le series lokuqala kakubi kakhulu bakhuselwe ngomgunyathi - fakes yaveliswa kwi-ngomlinganiselo mveliso, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukwehla. Indlela ezingundoqo intlawulo yaqhubeka ukuba ingqekembe: Ixabiso yabo kakhulu ephakamileyo, kwakunye ukuthembeka zabo kunye noluntu.

Ngowe-1818, saqalisa ukuba kukhutshwa eyilwayo imodeli entsha eRashiya. Zizo ezo yamaphepha efanayo, kodwa umgangatho wabo eliphezulu kakhulu, kwakunye njengesibambiso. Iphepha laba likhulu kakhulu ngakumbi, kwakukho watermark. Ngakumbi ekuphuculeni yamaphepha otsaleleke iingcali ezininzi.

Ifuthe bemfazwe yamakhaya ukufumanisa ukuba ibe ezimbi: ukukhululwa forgeries kongezwa ngobuninzi "ababambeleyo imali", nto leyo lwaqhutywa ngabasemagunyeni yengingqi kwimimandla ekwanti, babanjiswe abelungu. Le ngxaki ingasonjululwa kwakhululwa "ducats", eyaqala ngo-1922. Le yamaphepha ezintsha ziyigolide kunye yorhwebo inkxaso, ukuze yokuhlawula amatyala lwabo kuhlala zizinze (yaphela ukwehla).

Emva kokuwa USSR

Emva kokuba ngokuwa USSR enokusebenziseka kwakukho amatikiti zikaRhulumente Bank, lo gama i-Bank of Russia baqhubeka kokukhululwa kwabo. Ngowe-1993, kwakukho kukho utshintsho wemali: Bank State of amatikiti kwathiwa utshonile, ziye indawo yi kuthotho lokuqala Bank of Russia amatikiti. Olu thotho yesibini abo wakhululwa unyaka emva kokuvela yase unenzondelelo utshintsho.

Ngowe-1995, uthotho olutsha engamaphepha yakhutshwa kwakhona. Bakhangela kanye yamaphepha mihla Russian. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe zimbini ngegama: Series 1995, waba liwaka amaxesha ngaphezulu ezisetyenziswayo ngoku.

emva 1998

Kakuhle eli yotshintsho yemali elandelayo olwenziwa ngo-1998, waba ihlelo. Oko kukuthi - ukutshintsha ihlelo engamaphepha, kulandele nokutshintshwa wabo omncinane kodwa epheleleyo. Russia ekhutshwe yamaphepha ezintsha. zibonakala phantse ingqinelane ngokupheleleyo kunye ukubonakala amanqaku yebhanki sample kunyaka 1995. Changed amanani kuphela nezinto zoncedo, bonisa ihlelo.

Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo yakudala, leyo ixabiso ubuso engange 1,000, exchange kuphela nengqekembe entsha, isidima leyo 1 engange. 5-Ruble qaphela, ngokubuyisela senkulungwane mihlanu ubudala hlukile ubungakanani ezincinane kancinci. Ngenxa ukusasazwa onamandla ukulahlekelwa ngokukhawuleza iimpahla zazo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ukukhululwa wayo layekwa kungekudala. Ekuhambeni ngentsimbi yawo eyayilingana kuphela - ingqekembe 5-Ruble.

kokulungiswa

Nangona umgangatho nokhuseleko ophezulu kakhulu, imali amahlelo Russian yaqhubeka udinga ukulungiswa. Lawo nje ukuza: washiya olutsha lwemali. Okokuqala lonke uhlaziyo malunga nokukhuseleka okuchasene ngomgunyathi: ngomgunyathi amathuba ukwandisa zikhokelele ukuvela eyilwayo fake, kunzima ukwahlula kwabo ngokunyanisekileyo.

Ukongeza, yamaphepha ezimbini ezintsha kraca zaye ngokuthe bafakwa ejikeleza. isidima sabo - 1,000 engange kunye 5,000 engange, ngokulandelelana. Onke amanyathelo okhuseleko yakutshanje "ukubaleka-in" phezu kwabo, kamva nongeze iingenelo komdyarho olutsha eyilwayo ezincinane. Kuba ixesha elithile kukho amarhe okuba ulungiselela ukukhululwa engamaphepha kwi ihlelo 10,000 isidima Russian enjalo kuba sisiphumo nokuqhubekayo kummandla wokhuseleko lwemali. I entsha "ezilishumi lamawaka" sele okwangoku ukhululwe, kodwa iyaqhubeka ukuphucuka "kumawaka 'esebenzayo kunye" ezintlanu senkulungwane ".

Iimpawu sobunyani (nokhuseleko)

imali iphepha Russian, okwangoku ukusetyenziswa, akhuselwe inani elikhulu iimpawu ezizodwa sobunyani. Ukuqhubekela amanqaku kunzima kakhulu: ifuna izixhobo ezixabisa ezizodwa, izinto kunye nolwazi ethile. Ngoko ke, ukudalwa amaqashiso ezincinane fakes - neokupaemo nokuseka imveliso elikhulu-scale akwenzeki, kuba oko kuya kuba lula ukuzibona. Ukukhangelwa fakes mgangathweni akukho umsebenzi onzima: iimpawu ezibonakalayo sobunyani ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ukuze ezo ukuqaphela ngabemi abaqhelekileyo abaye abanalo nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Sami ungqinisiso mpawu bohlulwa babe ngamaqela eziliqela. Ezinye zibonakale ukuya ngeliso lenyama kwi imo yekona elithile, ngoxa abanye zifumaneka usulelo. Abanye ke zibonakaliswa kuphela kwimitha ebonakalayo kagesi uluhlu ethile.

obuphathekayo

Ukunyaniseka kweli qela ingqalelo xa wachukumisa. Eyokuqala kwezo - paper esemgangathweni. Low-umgangatho fake eyaziwayo ngoko nangoko: ibizwa waqonda ngendlela eyahlukileyo iminwe. Ukongeza, kukho yamaphepha yaphakamisa izinto zenzelwe ukuba ukujonga abantu babo ihlelo kunye nombono kahle. Othi "itikiti BANK OF ERASHIYA" kwicala ngaphambili kwakhona unalo isiqabu perceptible ukuya ngaphandle kwebala.

Ukongeza, ekuvelisweni engamaphepha of series omtsha isebenzisa isiqwenga yokhuseleko ebanzi, iphuma kumphezulu kwezinye iindawo. Abo babonwa smooth ngokupheleleyo. Le yamaphepha ze ihlelo 500, 1000 no-5000 engange strip yokuphuma indawo phezu unalo elikhulu kakhulu kwaye iluhlobo lwe window elimxinwa ( "window anegazi").

ebonakalayo

iimpawu zibonakale sobunyani ingqalelo eyodwa. Le mithetho isayilwayo Bank of Russia abe linani lweziqalelo ukuba kungabonwa ngeliso lenyama. Ezinye zazo azibonakali nakweyiphi i-engile. Ezi ziquka unyulo yedijithali yexabiso ngegama, ukuba ibekwe kwikona esezantsi ekhohlo ecaleni ngaphambili. Yenziwe ipeyinti yesilivere okhethekileyo.

Xa iimpawu ukuchana ezibonakalayo ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iziqwenga yokhuselo ukutshintsha umbala, buqapheleke ukusuka phantse naluphi engile. Ezinye iimpawu zibonakale sobunyani inokufunyanwa ngokuhlola lo oyilwayo ekukhanyeni, okanye ephatha ngayo kwi engile ethile.

Kubonakala kwi komso

Aphanda hlobo ekukhanyeni, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukubona iimpawu ezininzi okanye ubunyani ukuqinisekisa manga yi ngabikho. I watermark lokuqala ebonakalayo. Bona elise kumanqaku intsimi ukukhanya, ekhohlo nasekunene umfanekiso omkhulu. Enye phinda ihlelo digital, enye - ukuphindaphinda enye iziqalelo umfanekiso omkhulu. Zephetshana yokhuseleko kubonwa umgca ongqindilili ngaphaya kwawo.

Le miqondiso qela kuyasebenza microperforation. Enjalo kuzo zonke yamaphepha ezintsha ubuso ixabiso engange-100 nangaphezulu. Oku uyakwazi ukubona kwicala lasekunene ecaleni ngaphambili hlobo. Kwi mithambo inani ebonakalayo ehambelanayo ixabiso wesiqhelo kunye ezenziwe nobuninzi ezivuzayo ezincinane.

Kubonakala phantsi angles ezithile

Iimpawu sobunyani, ibonakale kwi engile ezithile, iipateni moiré benziwa izinto inki optically Womendo kunye nemifanekiso angasebenzi. ipateni Moire uqala ukuba dim ocwengileyo imibala eyahlukileyo ngokuguqula engile ngayo. Optically inki variable unika isiphumo efanayo, kodwa ngaba lubeka kwaye isicelo ngoko nangoko kulo lonke isuntswana lomfanekiso. Ezi ndlela ayakhuselwa, kukhutshwa ngo-2004, lo mthetho uyilwayo Russian kamva.

Umfanekiso ebhekiswe ingafunyanwa kwi komcu zokuhomba, ukuba ujonge inowuthi elele endaweni ethe tyaba kwinqanaba amehlo. Le ndlela kuthiwa Kipp: ipateni luqokelelane ukwenzela ukuba umahluko phakathi element nombala eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa kuphela engile kwangaphambili.

zekhompyutha kubonakele

Ezinye iimpawu zokhuseleko inkxaso kwi engamaphepha Russian, kungabonwa kuphela kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa. Kuqala kwinto zonke, ezo iquke zokhuseleko okulungiswe ephepheni. Zibonakala ngokucacileyo ekukhanyeni yelanga, kwakunye ezinye iimpawu zalo mfanekiso. Tags langoku infrared, nokukhanya okubonakalayo xa i isibane infrared.

Ngaphandle ebonakalayo kuluhlu ethile, ukuya iimpawu iintsimbi ubonwe zibandakanya izinto umfanekiso encinane kakhulu: microtext abanye iipateni. Bangakwazi ukubona kuphela ngokusebenzisa sokukhulisa namandla ngokwaneleyo. Kwakhona, amanye amacandelo wobuso engamaphepha iphathwa isakhiwo ezizodwa ukuba iipropati ngemagnethi. Kuba iileyibheli ngobunyaniso engathi isekwe iintsimbi efanelekileyo.