UMikali Kleofas Oginski: biography

Modern eRashiya ayikho ingakumbi fan umculo weklasiki. Ukuba bathi umculo weklasiki ethandwayo kakhulu phakathi abaphulaphuli Russian. Ukuguqula eyaziwa ngokubanzi anokuzithanda ngalo abantu umculo weklasiki, iminwe ngokwaneleyo ngesandla esinye.

Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, eli nani liquka odumileyo "Polonaise Oginski" (igama yesibini - "Ndlelantle iLizwe loobawo"), exhaswa ngu UMikali Kleofas Oginski (iifoto kwinqaku ezi yakhiwe ze eni umqambi).

Man and Polonaise

Yebo umculo School eSoviet waza Russian ezikolweni inika inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni na wobugcisa zomculo odumileyo yabhalwa Mihailom Kleofasom Oginskim ngexesha kwifarewell yakhe kwilizwe intanda yakhe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahambe ePoland emva kokuba edume T. Kosciuszko mvukelo, apho umqambi leyo, satshatyalaliswa. Bright, ubomi wahlala iziganeko ezimangalisayo uMikali Kleofas Oginski. facts umdla ngobomi bakhe zichazwe kweli nqaku.

Ubomi ufana inoveli

Biography Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski izele amahla-ndinyuka, ukuzinikela phezulu, kwakudada umoya zobuchule kunye ubukrakra kuba bengaphumelelanga. Yinto eyaziwa ngokuba emangalisayo sisiganeko ezimbalini: nangona kwimvukelo anti-Russian ye indlela apho Mihail Kleofas Oginsky wathabatha inxaxheba, i baseRashiya bebesoloko Wayevelana kwaye sympathized kunye yelishwa, leyo waphefumlela ukuba isebenze.

Kodwa ukuthatha inxaxheba qhankqalazo ezichithakeleyo ukuzalwa wobugcisa zomculo - omnye episode kuphela ubomi umdla kule ndoda emangalisayo. Indlela yokuphila Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski ufana adventure inoveli umdla. Oku ngokusondeleyo ngalo umculo, ezopolitiko kunye nothando.

UMikali Kleofas Oginski: ibhayografi emfutshane. imvelaphi

Umqambi elizayo wazalwa ngomhla we 09/25/1765 kufuphi Warsaw, kwilifa Guzov Mazowieckie voivodship. Ngu imvelaphi Ahinskis Abathetheli na imiqobo. mbali yabo okhokho Western kubiza Ruthenians (Belarusians, yazeka ubuKatolika). Ngoko ke, abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba kuya kufaneleka ukuba igama umbhali le polonaise odumileyo athi "UMichael" yaye "uMikayeli." Amagama your pronunciation Umqambi ezinye izazinzulu Siyakholelwa engalunganga: kuvakala ngathi kukho inguqulelo Polish "Oginsky" in Russian njenge ukhetho zokunciphisa embindini ligama engekhoyo.

Abathetheli Ahinskis babeqinisekile ukuba ekuqaleni umnombo wabo uhamba emva kusapho Rurik. Ekhaya, bathabatha ezichaphazelekayo ukuzalwa eliphezulu ukuma kwabo. UMikali Kleofas Oginski uyazingca wookhokho babo; ke bonke Grand Duchy of Lithuania, eyayiyinxalenye Rzeczpospolita abakwizikhundla eziphezulu. ukhokho wakhe umphathi e Vitebsk, kunye notatomkhulu wakhe noyise headed i Trakai Voivodeship. Umalume umqambi elizayo Wawukhokelwa e Vilna kunye Enkulu Hetman of Lithuania.

ukubunjwa

Wonk 'ubani kwintsapho Michael zaye baqiniseka ukuba inkwenkwe, ngathi ababengaphambi kwakhe okukhulu, silungiselwe umsebenzi ngempumelelo yezopolitiko. Esemncinane abazali baqeqeshwe ngenjongo ndabondla unyana, akumbona njengoko umphathi elizayo okanye sikatata. womntwana wangaphambili Austria uMlawuli wamenyelwa usapho, omnye wootitshala kakhulu eYurophu.

Abo banqwenela ukuba baqonde ubunzulu kwakuyimini yokulungiselela encinane Oginski, ufanele wazi ukuba ukususela kwiminyaka iiseshoni ezisixhenxe zoqeqesho yakhe yathatha iiyure ezili-16. ngosuku. Abazali bafumana ixesha ukufundisa umculo unyana wakhe, nokuba ukuwuthabatha lo nzulu kakhulu. Boy wafaka kungekuphela nje kwiziseko umdlalo ukuba kukho iintlobo zezixhobo zomculo, kodwa bafundisa ithiyori umculo. Okuphoxayo kukuba, utitshala Mihaila Oginskogo, i ngokuthanda engumlawuli Polish, yaba umqambi O. Kozlovsky, owathi kamva wabhala umculo iculo lokuqala, bedumisa uBukhosi Russian, "Thunder loyiso, uyofika! '.

uMphathiswa ukuvukela

Xa wayeneminyaka engama-19, M. Oginski uba namasekela Polish Sejm, yaye ngoko ke kuthunyelwa Ningabameli Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth eNetherlands kunye United Kingdom. Ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo Oginski uye wakhonza nguMphathiswa wezeMali le-Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

A career brilliant yezopolitiko laphazamisa ukubambana yangaphakathi kweli lizwe, ngokunjalo into yokuba ezinye iindawo Commonwealth ngokwembali safudukela a kubamelwane yimpumelelo kakhulu kwaye zinamandla - Russia, Austria ne-Prussia. abezopolitiko Young kwafuneka senze ukhetho: wajoyina abo akazange afune ukubeka up kunye ubeko, waza waba ngomnye nxaxheba kwimvukelo anti-Russian Tadeusha Kostyushko. Ukuthatha inxaxheba umphathiswa entsha, kule mvukelo wayengekho olusesikweni: utyalo mali zazo, Oginski kudala kunye neyunithi ngezikhali abantu 2,000, kwaye hayi ngaphandle impumelelo, unrolls umzabalazo yabanqolobi nxamnye Russian ..

Kosciuszko qhankqalazo wabeka phantsi nabaphumi-Russian uBukhosi, Austria ne-Prussia. Kosciuszko ngokwakhe wabathimba UMikali Oginski kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke.

UMikali Kleofas Oginski: Polonaise

Kanye ngeli xesha kwaye kakuhle eyaziwa nengoma kwabhalwa. ngaphambili Oginski idibanisa ngempumelelo umsebenzi kwezopolitiko kunye nobuchule zomculo. Xa akhawunti wakhe sele uluhlu enkulu amaqhosha zomculo, kodwa akukho namnye kubo wasilela phinda kwimpumelelo polonaise kaHomer.

intlekele

Kosciuszko qhankqalazo yajika yaba yintlekele Poland. Ngenxa yoko, i icandelo elilandelayo lwengingqi lizwe yanyamalala kwimephu yehlabathi, Oginski kuyalahleka yonke imizi yakhe. Yonke imali kunye nobucwebe sibini aba bahlala phezu lombutho kwimvukelo, intlawulo iimbumbulu, izixhobo kunye ukutya ngabavukeli. Ngenxa yoko, Oginski wasala ngaphandle indlela yokuziphilisa yaba.

flight

Ngeli xesha, ubomi babucala Mihail Kleofasa Oginski kwakhona yayisecicini kukwaphulwa. Kungekudala umfazi wakhe Isabella Michael akazange ukwabelana amazwi umyeni wakhe passionary wamshiya waya kuhlala nezalamane. Oginski ukuba yedwa ezimela eYurophu, ukutshintsha indawo yokuhlala kunye namagama. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwakukho ukufuna ngokwenene kuye. abasemagunyeni Russian Oginski italente njenge zomkhosi nezifundiswa ziye kakhulu, yena ujongene entolongweni.

Ukulungiswa ukuvukela entsha

Amazwe Oginski wadibana basemzini Polish, ezama ukuthetha-thethana inkxaso kurhulumente olululo French, wabiza umbusi Turkish kwakhona ukuqala i imfazwe ne-Russia. Kodwa yonke imigudu yakhe ozakuzo akuphumelelanga. bayahlelwa Poland yayinge- umdla noorhulumente basemzini, ukuba Kunokusuka imfazwe omtsha Russia kwakungenjalo. UMikali Oginski ndiyimfe kakhulu kwaye badanile.

NguKumkani yeNetherlands, apho wayesele endisisigidimi, wakwazi ukuthethana kunye uxolelo umlawuli Prussia for Oginski. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo lavunyelwa ukuba baphile Prussia. Kwathabatha olwalukho kunye nomfazi wakhe, oonyana ababini - Tadeusz kunye Xavier. Kodwa ngo-1801-m esi sibini ekugqibeleni ndahlukana up. Mhlawumbi, uMikayeli ayikwazanga ukulibala ukuba umfazi wakhe wamshiya ngephanyazo enzima. Mhlawumbi umfazi wakhe waqonda ukuba umyeni wakhe zange zitshintshile, yaye bawela ulonwabo olutsha lwezopolitiko nikuchithele yonke imali yentsapho kwakhona.

bend jiko

Ngowe-1802-m entsha Russian uMlawuli Alexander I wabhengezwa ukuxolelwa, bonke abathathi-nxaxheba kwi-Kosciuszko Uprising. Oginski nje unikwe ilungelo lokuba abuyele ekhaya, ebuya zonke izinto zawo.

senziwa ngenxa ukuba impembelelo phezu kwamathole Russian uMlawuli Pole Adam Czartoryski, esangweni layo nokumkani nobabalo enjalo. Prince Oginski ngoku kwafuneka ukuba azinze Endaweni yakhe Zalessky apho ilifa yakhiwa waza wabeka ipaka.

komzali

At 37 - kweminyaka uMikhail Oginski litshate kwakhona. Nizikhethele Prince uba umhlolokazi umhlobo wakhe ongasekhoyo, Count Nagurskaya, Italian Maria kumkhwenyana oneminyaka eli-25 ubudala. Prince Oginski biographers ingxelo ukuba ubuntu lomfazi wakhe bhe ngokwenene: kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba zibale inani ezithandwa zakhe. Xa lo mtshato kwazalwa abantwana abane - amantombazana amathathu nenkwenkwe enye, kodwa kuphela ngokuphathelele enye neentombi Oginski kaThixo, Amelia, bexesha bakhe ababanga amathandabuzo malunga ukuchana iNkosana lukatata. Loo umfazi negama elibi kwenene, Noko ke, akuzange kumthintele umtshato wabo eqhubeka engama-13.

Buyela kwezepolitiki

Ngo-1810 i ngabafo Grodno kunye Vilna amaphondo UMikali Oginski wathunyelwa Russian Tsar Alexander I njengoko umcebisi kwi mmandla. Le candidacy labavukeli eyayisakuba kwaxhaswa yi Mihailom Kutuzovym. Ke uMikali Oginski wabuyela kwezopolitiko, waba leNdlu yeeNgwevu Russian nokungenisa inani labantu ephathiswe kukumkani. Prince wayefuna Alexander I esondeza zeprojekthi nokudalwa Grand Duchy ngaphakathi uBukhosi Russian, ukufikelela ubuncinane ukuzimela ngenxa kwilizwe lakhe. Kodwa ke ukumkani projekthi sakhatywa.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1817 Oginski waqonda ukuba ndandidiniwe kwezopolitiko. Wakhululwa kwi-ofisi Senator waza wabuyela ekhaya. Kangangethuba, nesikhulu wayehlala kwilifa lakhe, ngoko e Warsaw kunye Vilna. Akuzange kube lihlazo - eRashiya zange umngcikivileyo elidlulileyo.

Ngowe-1823 Oginski, ogama yezempilo saxabana, wafudukela Florence. Apha umthetheli wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugqibela. Wezopolitiko nomqambi wafa th Florence 15.10.1833. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kukho amarhe okuba Oginski wabulawa kuthiwa kunye ikrele wagwazwa ekuziphindezeleni adventures olutsha anogonyamelo. Kodwa ababhali-mbali ayiqinisekisa le marhe bengazange. UMikali Oginski wangcwatyelwa ebandleni Santa Kroche (Florence), kubo bonke oothixo ubuntu abadumileyo. amanxiwa uGalileo Galilei, noNiccolò Machiavelli, uMichelangelo Buonarroti kunye George. Rossini ecaleni kwakhe.

A ebhaliweyo wobugcisa zabo zomculo - a polonaise "Ndlelantle looMawokhulu" - bebamb 'ongezantsi iintliziyo zabaphulaphuli.

ukuqaphela

Kuba baseRashiya, i Polonaise Oginski ngomnye ezona ngoma athandwa kakhulu. Iingxelo malunga umculo Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski abanegama zesayensi, ubugcisa kunye nezopolitiko ingashwankathelwa ngale ndlela ibinzana ukusuka kwincwadi umbhali Russian F. V. Bulgarina: "? Ngubani na ongaziyo Oginski polonaise". Ngo omnye oonobumba Repin olukhulu imigca ezinjalo malunga umqambi: "Igama lakhe yaziwa lonke eRashiya." Okona kubalulekileyo, ngokutsho ngembali musicologists: polonaise ebhaliweyo contra Oginski, kwaba umculo ukuze axolelanise oomaspala uyalahlekelwa.

imveliso Great yaye umbhali wayo kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela, ukunikela ingqalelo amagcisa, ababhali, bhanya. Iingceba umculo ongenakufa isandi njengoko umsindo kwi iiselula ezisetyenziswa films feature.

memoirs

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wabhala memoirs yakhe French Oginski. biography Translation Mihaila Kleofasa Oginski ulwimi Belarusian okuyiphatha Raevskaya yangaphambili utitshala, egadini yesikolo (Molodechnenschina) UOlga Romanovich ngo-2011. memoirs uzowenza Okokuqala nomqambi Mihaila Oginskogo in Belarusian kulo nyaka lapapasha imagazini wayeyindalo. Xa yakhe, yelo xesha iminyaka 1788-1794 de ukuhamba Prince phesheya emva kokuba qhankqalazo batyumkileyo T. Kosciuszko.

Njengoko sinokungqinelwa Ch. umhleli we A. Pashkevich, memoirs lo mzobo obalaseleyo zenkcubeko nezentlalo yezopolitiko M. K. Oginskogo, eyaziwa kude ngaphandle Belarus, bhala isimbo elungileyo zoncwadi, ngaphandle ukoma, phezu koko, luphawulwa bubukho ezininzi iinkcukacha obuphila ngayo ngaphambili. Iinkumbulo countryman babo ziya kuba nomdla nje ngembali kodwa kubantu ngokubanzi, uthe umvakalisi Belarusian.