"Amahlosi Asian" - igama sikweni lamazwe anoqoqosho yaseMzantsi Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong ne Taiwan

Tiger - sisilwanyana esincancisayo esikhulu lentsapho cat. Ukusuka ezizingelayo-esekelwe ubungakanani yesibini kuphela ibhere omhlophe nomdaka. Ezinxulumene nayo amandla, isantya, namandla.

Phakathi eseleyo zasendle zenyathi ezintandathu esi silwanyana akukho enjalo, nenokuthi kuthiwa ukuba "ingwe Asia". Nangona Amur kunye Bengal, Indochinese kunye malayan, Sumatran Chinese, isimiso, iikati ezinkulu Asia.

igama elihle

Koko uhlobo oluthile Kuyaziwa okanye lixhaphakile eli gama iyasebenza kunye, ngokubanzi, oko kubizwa ngokuba "amahlosi Asia"? Kucacile ukuba izinto ezithile abaseAsiya. "Tigers" - eli lizwe. Economy yamazwe ezine - Hong Kong, iSingapore, Taiwan and South Korea - seyenze imitsi lungaka ekuphuhlisweni yayo Kwithuba ukususela 60s ukuya 90 zenkulungwane yokugqibela, ukuba ngalinye kula mazwe ezifunyenweyo amajelo endaba ezizwe ngezizwe igama ongekho - i "amahlosi Asia" . Kodwa zibizwa "East Asia Tigers", okanye "neempungutye ezine Asian amancinci".

Kwaye ke Uthelekiso anoqoqosho olukhula kunye Tigers ugxunyekwe ngoko ukuba kwakusekho "ezine ingwe Asian omtsha" - Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand neMalaysia, apho waphumelela gqitha kwiminyaka yakutshanje. "Celtic Tiger" Ireland yakhethwa nokukhula koqoqosho, "Balkan" - Serbia, "Tatra" - e Slovakia: "Latino" - Chile. Kwakukho nkqu elithi "iBaltic ihlosi", kodwa unyamalale.

The main impahla

Legendary "Tigers Asia" (igagasi lokuqala lwamazwe) ukuba zininzi izinto esifana ngazo imigaqo yabo yezoqoqosho. Okokuqala, abasemagunyeni baba iinkokeli ezibalaseleyo. Ngenxa qhinga zawo ezifanayo ingqiqo osisilumko masikhokelwe geography, imbali kunye nomgaqo angaphandle kweli lizwe sele ekhethiweyo. Okwesibini, zonke "Asia Tigers" (ilizwe Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea ne Hong Kong) evinjwa kwezimbiwa. Kodwa ke kwenzeka ngokwembali ukuba ikhadi zazo eziphambili ixilongo, nto leyo kuvunyelwa ukuba enze ezikhwelayo nanto kuqoqosho, yayilityaziswa kwaye wenziwa ezazakhiwe kangangeenkulungwane bekhulisa zikaConfucius yemveli wobulali umsebenzi onzima phezu emasimini na abasebenzi zibiza kakhulu isiyalo. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba 'Far Eastern uphawu, "iimpawu eziphambili eyile: ukusebenza nzima, ukuthobela, imfundo yehlelo ubukhalipha inkqubela yezentlalo, akukho ngokubaluleka elincane kwaye zijolise kwiinqobo usapho.

A isici esasenza-nkqubo angaphandle

Country, ukubayinxalenye i "izingwe Asian" wave kuqala, waba izinto ezimbalwa ngazo. Abasemagunyeni imithetho ngegqudu, kwaye urhulumente ngokusebenzayo iyangenelela kuqoqosho, Noko ke, kobungxowankulu Hong Kong iya iba ngakumbi ezifanelekileyo melo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i "mmangaliso kwezoqoqosho" luyakhuthazwa kakhulu, a, silwe nkqubo nenkani anti-yiSoviet kula mazwe. In ukubuya, banikwe i-West a noncedo olubanzi lwemali nelobugcisa.

Iimpawu ze-Taiwan kuqoqosho

Ezi mpawu eziqhelekileyo ezendeleyo States, eyaziwa ngokuba "Tigers Asia." Amazwe, ezidweliswe apha ngentla, aba, ke, umahluko ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwabo. Umzekelo, Taiwan wenze ubhejo kuphuhliso ephambili amashishini amancinane kunye naphakathi-ertyisi, ogama imveliso kunye ileyibhile "Made in eTaiwan" ziye ude uthinjwe ngumfazi ihlabathi. Ngengqiqo geographical - sisiqithi lwePasifiki, ibekwe 150 km ukusuka kwimpuma China. I ngokwezoqoqosho kwaye ngokwezopolitiko - karhulumente engagqibekanga ingqalelo - the Republic of China. Lwenzelwe yi igama "azo ezincinane Asia" (Taiwan).

uYihlo Principle

An into umdla kukuba yinkokeli ngempumelelo Taiwan akhethwe ithuba ezimbini - Tszyan Tszingo, yaye apho kwakukho idabi lwezoqoqosho, lo mntu waba ngaphezu emangalisayo. Nyana Chan Kayshi, wathunyelwa ukufunda e Moscow, wayehlala nodade wabo omdala Anna V. I. Lenina Ilinichny udade Anna, yaye wathabatha ifani yakhe - Elizarov. Tszyan Tszingo wayengusihlalo kwifama nemibutho kufuphi Moscow, yaye besebenza i "Uralmash", loo nto inokumthintela abuyele kwilizwe lakhe yaye urhulumente Taiwan liye abayithintelayo yokusebenza pro. ukukhula GDP lonyaka-sharing 60-90 xa 6.7%.

Eziqhuba kuqoqosho Taiwan kaThixo

Ukuthembela cheap zabasebenzi, iinkampani ezininzi Western baye bafudukela amashishini abo amazwe ngokuba "Tigers Asia." Taiwan wayengomnye wabo. Wenjini uqoqosho iminyaka engama-40 ibe urhwebo lwangaphandle, 98% kuzo iimpahla zoshishino. Eli lizwe liye laseka ubuhlobo zorhwebo kunye 60 ithi. Taiwan akanawo amandla aneleyo ukuba kumazwe angaphandle ukuba 98%. Ngoku kukho 3 izityalo amandla enyukliya yakhiwe, nebonelela ngaphezu kwama-20% yokusebenzisa wesizwe, kwaye ukubeka izwe phezu kwendawo 15 phakathi kwamalungu States of amandla enyukliya. Hayi yonke into waya ngokumpuluswa endleleni uphuhliso olukhawulezisiweyo.

iminyaka ochumileyo

Kwiminyaka engama-50, i-US uye walungiselela siqithi uhlanga inkxaso eqinileyo yemali (30% yazo zonke iinkqubo zotyalo kweli lizwe). Okokuqala, urhulumente umgaqo-nkqubo endaweni sokungenisa, esalinikwayo negalelo ngamandla kuphuhliso lwecandelo mveliso. Ngoko, emva kokuba Ukwanda kurhwebo lwasemakhaya, uqoqosho yaqala ukuba malunga ukwanda ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Evela kwilizwe imimandla kumazwe-mveliso (lokuqala - Kaohsiung) negalelo ekuphuculeni amandla lwenzululwazi nobugcisa.

Wema ntlekele

Phakathi Isizukulwana ozelwe yaye ekhula kakhulu 'ingwe Asia "Taiwan. Eli lizwe wasinda enzima iminyaka 70 xa wanqanyulwa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ibe yodwa ngamazwe, njengoko US lwehle ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, urhulumente yamilisela iiprojekthi ze-10 kule mboni, ezothutho kunye namandla enyukliya, elathi ukuphuhlisa ishishini enzima. yachukumisa kancinane Nkqu nengxaki Asian ka-1997 Taiwan. Yimbonakaliso mqondiso kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe amafu "Taipei 101", isakhiwo yesibini emide ehlabathini.

Singapore - diamond Asian

Enye ezine lizwe - Singapore - "ingwe Asian". Kukholelwa ukuba ukuphinda i "ummangaliso kwezoqoqosho" yale hlanga siqithi (iziqithi 63), akukho mntu uya kuba nako eminye iminyaka engama-50. Uyise lo "mmangaliso" uthathwa ukuba kutshanje oswelekileyo uLee kuan Yew ngenxa becala-nkqubo yalo ilizwe apho ayinayo nokuba amanzi okusela zalo, noko ngoku kweli lizwe kunye neenkqubo imfundo engcono, irhafu kunye nempilo. Le meko beebhanki, amafu koohola nanto, ibe yinzwakazi. Elinye lamanyathelo zokuqala igqwetha okuqaqambileyo yaba ukuvutha umlo ochasene norhwaphilizo, nangona le nxalenye yobomi Asia. Kulo mlo ke waphumelela. Zisuka nje, uRhulumente liqalise ekuphuculweni komgangatho wobomi, enye yeenjongo eziphambili kweli cala ukuba ukuqinisekisa zonke izindlu Singaporean yakhe. utata wesizwe wafa entwasahlobo ka-2015, walawula ngokupheleleyo ilizwe iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30. Naye ntle ngenxa veki, abahlali nombulelo wasivuna etyhwini iiyure-8.

Ilungu the Big engamashumi

Buyela kwi "izingwe Asian" ngawaseMzantsi Korea kunye Hong Kong. Uyise-lokuguqulela lokuqala kula mazwe yeyona Pak Chon Hi, ngubani wangumlawuli ngo-1961 ubhedu yasemkhosini. Le peculiarity ye ingxenye loqoqosho eMzantsi Korea kugxilwa zokuqala ekudalweni yonaniso multi-ntsapho omkhulu "chebol". Yaba ikopi nkqubo pre-kwimfazwe zabalawuli Japan. Urhulumente ephazamisa nje kuphela kwishishini - yena phantsi kolawulo.

Pak Chon Hi wakhethwa iinkampani eziliqela mveliso eyahlukeneyo, kwaye wenze ubhejo phezu kwabo, ebanceda inkxaso nanto karhulumente, leyo ngobuchule itsale utyalo-mali enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Uqoqosho lweli lizwe lase - enye enkulu ehlabathini. Ngokuzidela Jikelele uye waba lamandulo. Fighter wokulwa norhwaphilizo, wababuza ukusuka ubunkokeli "chebol" nokuthobela kunye olomeleleyo ukuya phambili iimfuno karhulumente. Kwaye ezi Holdings ntsapho baba brand hlabathi-lalidume ezifana Samsung, LG, Daewoo, Itraki, Kia kunye nezinye. Xa uyila G20 ngo-1999, South Korea wazibandakanya khona ekunene.

Simanga Hong Kong i-

Le yesine "amahlosi ezincinane Asia" yi Hong Kong, apho ukususela 1997 yinxalenye China, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ivuyela ukuzimela kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Nguye lo mzi bazizinhanha China.

Eziqhuba sitsibe yayo lwezoqoqosho imozulu ishishini, iimeko wadala ishishini. Ukuze zikwazi ukutsala kweli lizwe kangangoko imali kunokwenzeka, yonke imiqobo endleleni kobugcisa eyinkunzi zatshatyalaliswa e Hong Kong. Nciphisa inani lamagosa ezikhohlakele, izinga lerhafu uhlile, kutshatyalaliswa sama ngokugqithiseleyo. Ke imali Wagalela kuwo umzi, leyo izindlu nani likhulu kwihlabathi-ofisi, kuba simo amazwe kunye index eliphezulu inkululeko yezoqoqosho Hong Kong uhamba phambili. Apho ukufumaneka likhulu billionaires - 3 kwisigidi 1 bebonke. Nani liphezulu kwilizwe liphela. Kulo zonke isixeko isezandleni zabucala kunye nabasemagunyeni akunanto yakwenza kwimibandela yoshishino. Asingawo onke amazwe akwingingqi - ". Asia Tigers" EJapan China musa ababo, kodwa bona, kunye "neempungutye ezincinane" ezi Asia kaThixo amazwe bazizityebi hayi kuphela.