Arkady Gaidar: i-biography emfutshane yabantwana

Omnye wabasunguli beencwadi zeSoviet yabantwana nguArkady Gaidar, olwazi lwakhe lubandakanya ixesha elinzima elizweni lethu. Oku, mhlawumbi, wayezimisele ukugxininisa imisebenzi yakhe-ininzi yabo umfundi uvalela iimbono zemfazwe.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nentsha

Umlobi wexesha elizayo wazalwa kwintsapho yomzukulu we-serf kunye nozuko lohlanga olungenalwazi. UBawo, uPetr Isidorovich Golikov, wasebenza njengotitshala kwaye waba neengqalelo kakhulu kwi-self-education. U-Natalia Arkadievna wanikela ngobomi bakhe ekukhanyiseni abantu, abaye bashiya ikhaya labazali bakhe ekuqaleni. I-biography emfutshane yeArkady Gaidar kubantwana inomdla kakhulu. Le nkwenkwe yaqalisa ukuqulunqa kwangaphambili. Ngokweememori, imbongo yakhe yokuqala yabonakala xa engakwazi ukubhala okwamanje. Imvelaphi yale talente ibonakala kwinto yokuba abazali bachithe ixesha elide kwiklasi kunye nendodana yabo kunye neentombi ezincinci ezintathu. Ewe, kwaye ekuxoxaneni nabanye, bahlala befunda izibongo, benza iingoma zomculo.

Imfundo yokuziphatha yonyana

Abalinganiswa bomlobi benza izenzo zobuqhawe, kwiimpawu zabo omnye unokukwazi ukubona iimpawu zama-knights aphakathi. Le ngcaciso ikwabonelelwa nge-biography ka-Arkady Gaidar. Kwinqanaba le-4, umzekelo, kucetyiswa ukuba isebenzise ibali elithi "Timur kunye neqela lakhe", elichaza indlela abantwana abaselula, abachazwa yimigaqo yokuziphatha ephakamileyo, banceda abantu ngokungenabugovu. Ngoko, njengomntwana, uAccasha waqhekeza iglasi kwaye, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiimeko ezinje, wesaba waza wagijima. Kwaye kwabakho incoko kunye nomama, owathi wachazela ngonyana wakhe ngesineke ukuba umntu onesibindi nothembekileyo uya kuhlala efumana amandla okuvuma oko akwenzileyo, unokunyaniseka nakweyiphi na imeko. Ukususela ngoko, akuzange kubekho into yokuba le nkwenkwe yazama ukufihla icala lakhe kwabanye.

Kwaye u-Arkady Gaidar, onobomi bakhe obuninzi ngeenkcukacha zokunqoba iintlungu zomntu, wayeziva ejongene noodade abancinci kwaye ngenxa yoko akazange abe nomdla okanye akhalaze.

Kwiminyaka embi

Xa iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala yaqala, uArcadia wayeneminyaka elishumi ubudala. Uyise wahamba waya phambili, kwaye inkwenkwe yagqiba ukulandela. Wabanjwa kufuphi neArtzamas, isixeko sazo, waza wabuya. Kodwa oku kwenzalo yeshumi elivisayo yezenzo ayizange ilahleke. Ngokuza kwamandla eBolsheviks u- Arkady Gaidar (i-biography kubantwana iquka ulwazi olufutshane nje ngeli xesha lobomi bombhali) ngokupheleleyo. Ekuqaleni wayenza izabelo ezincinci waza walinda umzi ebusuku. Kodwa wayekhatyiswa kakhulu kwizenzo ezinzulu. Ekwindla ka-1918, intombazana, eyongezelela kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini elinesibini (elilungileyo, lide kwaye liqinile), ekugqibeleni liphumelele ukubhaliswa kwi-Army e-Red. Umlawuli-mlawuli, umlawuli wenkundla, kwaye i-regiment -Arkady Gaidar yadlula umkhondo onjalo kwiminyaka engama-6. Ubomi bakhe buquka iziqwenga ezizukileyo ezifana nokutshatyalaliswa kweqela leBityug kunye namava e-Ataman Solovyov. Ngelo xesha, wafumana amabini amabutho empi ngokufanayo kwaye ngoko wayekholelwa ukuba ikusasa lakhe liza kuhlanganiswa ngonaphakade nomkhosi.

Ukuqala kwemisebenzi yombhalo

Nangona kunjalo, i-fate iyalwe ngendlela yayo: ngo-1924, u-Arkady Petrovich waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye inkonzo ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Ukulimala okuqhubekayo kwiimfazwe, kunye nengxubusho, kwaye kwinqanaba elithile ukuphelelwa yintlungu - wangena kule ndlela isengumfana. "Ukubhala" - ngoko waphendula umbuzo wakhe ngokuphathelele ukwenza ntoni emva koko, u-Arkady Gaidar. I-biography emfutshane kwinqanaba lesibini lama-1920 libonisa ukuphuhliswa kweGolikov-umbhali. Okokuqala wabhalela abadala. Ngomnyaka we-1925 umsebenzi wokuqala wavela, kodwa awuzange umkholise umlobi, nangona kunjalo, kunye namabali amaninzi alandelayo kunye namabali. Kwaye kuphela "i-RVS" (1926) umlobi wabiza ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye ekhulile.

Isiteketiso

Igama lenene lomlobi nguGolikov, kodwa imisebenzi yokuqala isayinwe nguArtkady Gaidar. I-biography emfutshane yombhali iqulethe iindidi ezihlukeneyo zokuchazwa kwegama elibhaliweyo. Umhlobo wakhe wesikolo, umzekelo, wayekholelwa ukuba le ncwadana yiphumo elikhulu leArkady Petrovich. Yakhelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Г (olikov) А (ркади) Й Д (с фр. - "из") АР (замаса). Enye inketho: "D" phakathi kweleta yeenqambi, igama, igama lomuzi lalibonakala ngathi nguArtagnan. Abalandeli besinye inkcazo babhekisela kwingcambu yeGaidar kulwimi lwesiTurkey, apho aguqulela khona ngokuthi "umgibeli wehashe ujikeleza phambili" - lo bubomi bukaGolikov. Ezi ziinguqu eziqhelekileyo zokubonakala kwegama lomntu, nangona kukho ezinye iinguqulelo kwincwadi malunga nomsebenzi wombhali.

Imisebenzi yabantwana

Emva kokuba u-Arkady Gaidar (i-biography echazwe apha, ngokusekelwe kwimikhumbuzo yakhe yomlobi ngokwakhe) yaqaphela ukuba imfazwe yangena ngokusesikweni ebuntwaneni bakhe, kangangokuthi wagqiba ekubeni athethe ngaye kunye namaqhawe okwenene kwisizukulwana esincinane. Ngoko kwakukho amabali kunye namabali kubantwana: "I-RVS" malunga neveki ezithandana neengxabano phakathi kwe "reds" kunye "nabahlophe", i-autobiographical "iSikole", "iTyhe eliHolisayo", iqhawe layo liyindoda endala eyasinda kwi-revolution kunye nemfazwe yabemi , Nabanye. Imisebenzi yeencwadi zezingane ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Blue Cup", "Chuka kunye neHuck", "Ingozi yomculi." Ngokuqhelekileyo, isiseko secebo lawo yayiziganeko ezibonisa i-Arkady Gaidar.

Kwinqanaba le-4, imisebenzi yombhali inomdla kuba amaqhawe abo asemantombazaneni afanayo kunye namakhwenkwe awela kwiimeko ezinzima. Ngenxa yeempawu zabo: ububele, imfesane kunye nemfesane, ukunyamezela, ukungabi nabugovu, ukuzimisela ukuhlala kuhlangulwa, isibindi - baba ngabaphumeleleyo kwaye bayimodeli.

Kwimvelaphi yentlangano yeTimur

Ngomnyaka we-1940, kwavela, mhlawumbi, umsebenzi ogqwesileyo, obhalwe ngu-Arkady Gaidar. I-Biography kubantwana iquka ibali lokudala ibali elithi "Timur kunye neqela lakhe", elinegama eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba ngunyana wombhali. Ukudumeka ngokuphawulekayo komsebenzi wombhalo kubonakaliswe kukuba into ngokukhawuleza kwelo lizwe yaqala ukuvela kwizikolo zabantwana abafunda isikolo ababethabathele abo bafuna uncedo lwabo. Kwiminyaka emininzi umbutho weTimur waba yinxalenye ebomini yobutsha baseSoviet. Ewe, kwaye ngoku ungamva igama eliqhelekileyo, ukuba ngumbuzo wezenzo ezilungileyo.

Ukufa kweHerosi

Emva kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe yePatriotic, uGaidar waphinde waya phambili, ngoku njengombhalisi wezempi, apho wabhala khona iincwadana ezininzi kwimisebenzi yokuzikhusela yeSouth-Western Front. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha umkhondo wakhe wawungekho ixesha elide. Ngo-Oktobha 1941 waya kubadlali, xa iqela lizama ukuphuma ejikelezweni. Ngokuqinisekileyo, u-Arkady Petrovich njengenxalenye yeqela laya ekudleni, kwaye xa ephawula amaJamani, waxela abafana bakhe abane, kwaye bakwazi ukuphepha. Umlobi owaziwayo, umntu ongenamdla, umntu onogorha emphefumlweni wabethwa ngumshishini ogqityiweyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe.

Le ngcaciso emfutshane yeArkady Gaidar. Kwinqanaba le-4, ukuziqonda ngemisebenzi yakhe namhlanje kungaba yinto yesifundo sobubele, ubuhlobo, uthando kumhlaba wasezantsi.