Aromorphosis - yintoni na le nto?

Ngokutsho ingcamango yendaleko, zonke izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezikhoyo ehlabathini namhlanje baka kwabo izinto zamandulo ukuba imiwe izigidi emhlabeni zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukuphuculwa eziphilileyo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Le idioadaptation, kunye ukuphela, kunye aromorphosis. Idioadaptation - enye imiyalelo eziphambili yendaleko, ngenxa yomzimba wakhe wayethimb kokusingqongileyo ethile, ngoxa ukuguqula isakhiwo sayo. Ukonakala kubandakanya yokuduka nayiphi na olawulo inkqubo zazivelela. Kuyenzeka ukuba bagcine ukuyilwa iziqalelo, okt yokutyiwa ngokwamalungu ukuba babe izinyanya wenza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Le ndoda, umzekelo, emhlambini semilunar kwi kwikona engaphakathi iliso, lo coccyx, njalo njalo. D. Kule kwicala kwemvelo aromorphosis, siya kugxininisa kweli nqaku zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Yintoni na?

Aromorphosis - ingxaki ngesakhiwo umzimba ngethuba zazivelela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, lubandakanywe nezenzo ukuzala, multicellular, teplokrovnosti, kwezichumiso kabini izityalo, njalo-njalo. D. Ngokusebenzisa le nkqubo, walibumba ukuba ezahlukeneyo ngoko Biosphere uMhlaba.

Ngemvelaphi yobomi kunye aromorphoses yokuqala

Iibhiliyoni zeminyaka eyadlulayo kubomi kolwandle wazalwa, kwaye eziphilayo kuqala neplanethi prokaryotes olunye-elilodwa. iiseli zabo isakhiwo nobu-, akazange abe kumafa kwabo ngumongo kunye organelles ezininzi eukaryotes. Era, apho kwakukho izinto zokuqala, ngokuba Archean. It iquka ixesha ukusuka kwiminyaka-4 ukuya 2.5 billion eyadlulayo. Ngexesha Earth Archean yayingekho ezifana sibona ke ngoku emoyeni uye phantse ingekho ioksijini, kwakukho kwilizwekazi enye kuphela kumhlaba lalingekafiki ubomi, imvulophu sukube planethi laba likhulu kakhulu, kwaye ke kumphezulu Oku kwehla a ilanga kancinane.

Kuyo yonke lo xesha, nkqu icyanobacteria yokuqala ukuvela ngathi kukho ulwelwe ezineseli enye, nto leyo eza kuhlala Umhlaba kamva, kodwa ke prokaryotes. Kodwa izinto eziphilayo ezabakho heterotrophs akusekho njengoko iintsholongwane yokuqala awayengabemi umhlaba, kunye autotrophs, ukuba zazikwazi amandla elanga, icarbon dioxide namanzi nokulungelelanisa izondlo zabo. kunokuthiwa ukuba ukuvela photosynthesis - aromorphosis, okwaye kwabonelela negalelo kuphuhliso olungaphezulu eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yokuba eziphilayo baqalisa ukusebenzisa le nkqubo ukuvelisa izinto eziphilayo, emoyeni waba aphuculweyo ngokuqhubekayo mpilo.

Ukuvela kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo

Sinokuthi izityalo zokuqala icyanobacteria abunjwe kwixesha Archean, njengoko zazikwazi photosynthesis. Uphuhliso olulolunye zobukumkani kubandakanya ukuyilwa eziphilayo ukuba akusayi kwakuba iseli enye. Ukuvela eziphilayo multicellular - it aromorphosis, leyo, kunye ukuvela photosynthesis luluhlu ibalulekileyo. Ngenxa olu tshintsho kwenzeka uphuhliso yezinto eziphilayo, ukuyilwa kwizikumkani ezinkulu ezikhoyo unanamhla. Red kunye nezithombo eziluhlaza ziye zasasazwa ngokubanzi kulo lonke eli xesha Proterozoic, phambi kokuphela kwethuba Ordovician ye ngexesha Paleozoic , wona kuphela izityalo ezikhula emhlabeni.

Eziyimveliso izinto ezweni kuqala

Kweli xesha Silurian kwabakho zityalo ebalulekileyo aromorphosis - na ukuvela luwela yokuqala, Rhyniophyta. Lo mkhwa kubhekwe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoko ezi zinto ziphilayo ndingenile kulo ilizwe, ukuba zihlale phezu komhlaba emanzini anganzulwanga.

ukuba nabo, enyanisweni, baba izityalo yokuqala ukuba lo mzimba angamelwa abasindileyo, kungekhona thallus ezifana nezinto ezimdaka. eminyakeni million 410 eyadlulayo Rhyniophyta yifumanisisi kakuhle ilizwe ngokubanzi usasaze kwintsimi planethi. Kweli xesha linye, i-Silurian, sele Bulelani izityalo umoya waba ioksijini ngokwaneleyo ukuba ubukho izilwanyana ezweni kuqala. Le elandelayo aromorphosis ebaluleke kakhulu - ukuvela izityalo imbewu endaweni sikuyo. Ngoko kwakukho gymnosperms. Aromorphosis - kuyinto ukuvela wentyatyambo waza iziqhamo ukubunjwa angiosperms.

aromorphoses zokuqala izilwanyana

Ngaxeshanye kunye nophuhliso yobukumkani zezityalo kwisiza akazange eme kwaye chavelela yehlabathi isilwanyana. Le aromorphosis yokuqala - i ukuvela amaphepha amabini germinal kunye ulingano iphiramidi ebonisa ezilwanyaneni multicellular. Ngoko ke bakha coelenterates, eziquka kuneekorale, iziponji, jellyfish njalo njalo. D.

Izilwanyana zokuqala kumhlaba

Emva koko eziphilayo kwabonakala igqabi wesithathu osandul - mesoderm, kwakunye wolingano amabini omzimba, kwakhiwa izihlunu kwezihlunu, luvo kunye neenkqubo excretory. Zonke ezi mpawu kweentlobo ezifana ezimcaba kunye annelids, leyo kuba inyathelo elilandelayo izinto zazivelela yezilwanyana. Okokuqala babehlala emanzini, waza emva koko waba izilwanyana zokuqala ekhohlo kwi ilizwe. Ukufumana Aromorphosis ziquka ukuyilwa ombaxa abegumbi,-kwegumbi abathathu, waza ke intliziyo-zawo ezine, ukujikeleziswa kabini, kukuvela amalungu ezifana nezintso. Enye aromorphosis inkulu imbonakalo Isingqi kwaye ukuyilwa ngakumbi yomqolo kwaye yonke inkqubo musculoskeletal.

Ukuzifudumeza-bloodedness - it aromorphosis, nto leyo nayo yenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kwimbali zazivelela. Waba amandla okuqhubela phambili uphuhliso iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo komhlaba. Izilwanyana yokuqala ilifa ezinegazi elishushu, kwakukho abathile Dinosaurs, ebezikho ukususela ekuqaleni kwethuba Triassic ngexesha Mesozoic, neentaka-ngathi isilwanyana lokuqala - Archeopteryx. Le nto iye yaba utshintsho ezifana imbonakalo eliboya buqhamileyo, zinemilomo iintaka azalwa. Kwandula ke kwabakho ukuyilwa loboya, ngumkhaya kwezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana - ngoko kwakukho ezincancisayo. Ngenxa adweliswe kweli nqaku aromorphoses ukuba zonke iintlobo ezikhoyo ngoku kunye kwiiklasi zezilwanyana.