Atomic 420 mm nodaka 2B1 "Oka": Ukucacisa

Imbali ye-heavy-umsebenzi izixhobo zokudubula zemfazwe izele ukuphoxeka kunye yokufuna ulwazi. E Moscow yesicelo imelwe Umtsalane yethu imbali - i Tsar Cannon, umsebenzi wobugcisa kunye ikratshi smelters Russian. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba, nangona kwimfezeko ubugcisa esibondeni, oko isixhobo enkulu akazange agxothwe. Kukho nezinye imizekelo izixhobo, likhwankqisiwe yi ubukhulu enkulu kodwa ukubaluleka ezingaqondakaliyo. Mntu unako ukukhonza nje ngodaka atom 2B1 "Oka". Mu kuya kwa nshita Tsar Cannon, oko isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona, kodwa kuphela xa kwiinda.

Zokudubula kunye megalomania

guns zokudubula Huge bebefudula i "phithi" impiriyali German. NgoMatshi 1917, i-Wehrmacht ebezihamba Paris, esebenzisa ezinkulu-ukuvuleka guns onokulufikelela emva kwexesha elide. Abemi weSixeko Sikho akazange alindele kuhlaselo, umgca ngaphambili kude. The French, nayo, wakha imipu zabo omkhulu, kwaye kule minyaka 30 ukufaka kubo ukuzithethelela Maginot Line. BaseJamani wayithimba ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaye ixesha elide (i banxibe) kuvavanywa neembasa. Sebenza kuphuhliso izixhobo uyakwazi ukukhulula iimbumbulu enzima ukuba kweekhilomitha ezili-100 okanye ngaphezulu, eyenziwe eBritani kunye USSR. Ifuthe isicelo ezi zezilo waba lalingenziwa kuba ngobaluleke kakhulu. intlawulo ezinkulu bangcwabele emhlabeni ifuthe ngaphantsi balo babulingana nesandla ngaphandle ibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Le meko emva kokuvela kwezixhobo zenyukliya.

Kutheni kufuneka mortars senyukliya nangobudala kwisithuba?

Izazinzulu ababesebenza ezabo atom, lo mngeni ephambili lokuqala uphando. Intlawulo efunekayo ukuqhushumba, okanye ukubonisa njani ukusebenza ngempumelelo izixhobo ezintsha? Kodwa apha Nevada entlango yokuqala "mushroom" liye laphumela ilizwe, beza umbuzo Wavuka yendlela kukhulula amandla ngokupheleleyo kwitsheyini ngeeatom kwi intloko welinye iqela adlala nalo. Ezi sampuli okuqala kakhulu enzima, yaye kwakuthabatha ixesha elininzi ukunciphisa ubunzima babo imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo. "Amafutha" okanye "sana" nako ukuthwala inkampani "iBoeing" bomber ngobuchule B-29. Kule minyaka ingama-50 eSoviet Union iye yaba unikezelo enomjukujelwa enamandla kuthetha ekhoyo, Noko ke, ethile kakhulu. IDB waqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa kwiithagethi enamandla kakhulu kwaye utshaba ephambili, eUnited States, ingakumbi ngenxa yokungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwixesha-asethi anti-ngezikhali. Kodwa ke ayehlasela umhlaseli ukuba ilungiswe apha eNtshona Yurophu, lo gama i-qhinga imijukujelwa weave, kukho umda kwi radius ubuncinane. Kunye nkolelo impi waphethulela ingqalelo yabo zokudubula ezininzi ezibonakala lixesha.

inyathelo yaseMelika impendulo Soviet

ESoviet Union wayengekho umqalisi ingalo zokudubula uhlanga, oko waqala baseMerika. Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1953, e-Nevada kwiinda ihewu French yokuqala T-131 shot gun yagxothwa, umgama owandithumayo yenyukliya isikhali ukuvuleka 280 mm. moya projectile sasithatha imizuzwana 25. NemiSebenzi lo mqondiso of Technology sele iminyaka embalwa, yaye ngaloo ndlela, impendulo eSoviet ukuya inyathelo US zisenokuthathwa engahlawulwanga. NgoNovemba 1955, i-USSR iBhunga laBaphathiswa liqulunqe isisombululo (ngasese), njengoko apho Plant laseKirov kunye Kolomna Machine-Building SKB wayalela ukudala iisampuli ezimbini izixhobo zokudubula: imipu (ezafumana igama coded "capacitor-2P") kunye nodaka 2B1 "Oka". Umsebenzi osemva kwafuneka koyiswe.

The terms of reference zintsonkothe ezizodwa

Ubunzima intlawulo yenyukliya phezulu. Phambi kokuba iqela yoyilo ekhokelwa yi-CSC BI Shavyrina waba umsebenzi onzima: ukwenza zashvyrnut ekwaziyo emzimbeni ubunzima bomzimba nodaka 750 kg kumgama ukuya kwi-45 km. Kukho kunye parameters ngqo, nangona nje engqongqo njengokuba ukudubula projectiles uqhushumbiso. Umpu ukuba abe ukuthembeka ethile, anikeza inani elithile kuqhume, nokuba iimeko imfazwe yenyukliya (nangona kungaphelelanga), ngokuqinisekileyo babengenako ngaphezulu amanani anomvo omnye. Ukuhamba - imeko mandatory, umpu emileyo utshaba emva kwemfazwe waqalisa phantse kwemaliu ukutshabalalisa. ukhathalelo chassis baba abasebenzi mveliso, abasebenzi laseKirov evela eLeningrad. Isibakala sokuba nodaka 2B1 "Oka" baya kuba esikhulu, kwacaca ngokukhawuleza, kanye phambi kokuqalisa eyilwe ngayo.

chassis

LaseKirov Plant waba nokuphangalala kwamava yokwakha qha isisu semoto unique, kodwa iinketho ufakelo obuqikelelwayo, apho wayemise khona eli xesha, waya phesheya imihlaba bonke kude kunokwenzeka. Noko ke, abayili kunye umsebenzi, ngokubanzi, nosizi. I enamandla kakhulu ngexesha IP-itanki 5 (eyaziwa ngokuba IP-10 ne T-10) wakhonza njenge "donor", banikela "bengavumi 273" powerplant, intliziyo leyo turbocharged idizili B 12-6B umthamo seelitha ezili-750. a. Ekubeni umthwalo enjalo lo injini umsebenzi onzima lwalulinganiselwe ubomi inkonzo, ngokubonelela uqhelane km 200 kuphela (umendo). Noko ke, amandla ethile gqitha, umatshini ngamnye ton ngeli phantse 12 "amahashe" ikuvumela ukugcina inkqubela Kwamnkelekile ngokuchanekileyo, nangona ngokufutshane. Kuba 2B1 bogies "Oka" yaye "Capacitor-2P" yenzelwe uniform, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa kweenzuzo emgangathweni omnye, kodwa ngenxa yokuba akukho unamandla ngakumbi ukwenza ngelo xesha kukuba akunakwenzeka. amavili Road yafakwa dampers torsion umqadi ngamnye.

420 mm ngodaka 2B1 "Oka" kunye umboko wayo

Le Umboko ubungakanani umxhelo. Ukukhweliswa lwaqhutywa yi-breech, xa amabini ubude ngendlela eyahlukileyo ongafanele. Zonke izixhobo ze amandla kwetu bahlehla ngaphambili ezisetyenziswa xa imipu superheavy kulo mzekelo waba luncedo kangako kakhulu. Atomic 420 mm nodaka 2B1 "Oka" akabanga ukunqunqa buti, izinga kwawo kwafikelela rounds-12 ngeyure nganye, nto leyo le umpu ukuvuleka luphawu elungileyo kakhulu. Le isidambisi buyisela emva engundoqo umzimba kakhulu kumatshini, sloths kunye namanye amacandelo kwisisu semoto.

nomboniso

Ezisendleleni ngaphesheya umatshini enkulu yaba ngumntu omnye kuphela - umqhubi. Enye ezintandathu, kuquka umthetheli-ukubala, bamlandela 2B1 ngodaka "Oka" ngendlela isithuthi transport okanye esinye isithuthi. On Parade imbeko wesikhumbuzo ka-Oktobha Revolution ngo-1957, imoto wafika emva kokuba kudlule zonke iimvavanyo. Iikhosi iimpazamo zabo uyilo ezininzi kutyhilwa, kwafuneka ukuba kakhulu ngendlela. Phambi kokuba ezazivela bekhwankqiswa ngamaphephandaba amazwe kunye neemagazini kwazo ya self-ngokwaso nodaka 2B1 "Oka", yaye umsasazi ndiziphendulela ngomxhelo bavakalisa esidlangalaleni malunga lupwa kwisabelo rhamncwa cyclopean. Ayizizo zonke iingcaphephe zomkhosi bakholwa leyinene welo Ngokomzekelo, nkqu izimvo bevuthela ukuba ungumkhohlisi. Ezinye umhlaziyi bakholwa uhlobo sidwelise kwesi sixhobo kwaye lula Ndathatha ingoma ngale isisongelo Soviet emkhosini. Kwaye bobabini baba ilungelo labo. -420 mm self-ngokwaso nodaka 2B1 "Oka" kukho yokwenene kakhulu, wada wenza ezininzi kuqhume test. Omnye umbuzo ezinxulumene iyahlala kwaye ukulungela actual.

ngenxa

ton-55 kumatshini abakwazi ukuphatha asizizo zonke ibhulorho, emva kweminyaka emithathu nje emva kokuba umboniso kwi-Red Square isusiwe kwinkonzo. Imizamo kokugqiba AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezine nodaka 2B1 "Oka" ayekwa ukusetyenziswa ngo-1960 ngenxa yezizathu ezibini eziphambili. Okokuqala, amacandelo isisu semoto ukuba ungasigcini imithwalo esinombala nazo ngexesha bahlehla utyhala umatshini lonke weemitha ezintlanu emva, kwaye onke amanyathelo ukuze abomeleze akazange ukunika iziphumo. Isiphelo amandla ngendlela ingxubevange lisekhona. Okwesibini, ngelo xesha kwakukho babethwele enomjukujelwa Committe ziye inkqubo engcono kakhulu kwaye uphume kakhulu. Njengoko usazi, rocket kuthatha ngaphandle ukubuya, ngako oko, iimfuno kwi launcher yayo kakhulu uNothozamile ngakumbi. Kwakukho enye into nempembelelo ikamva le sixhobo ikhethekileyo. Atomic-420 mm nodaka 2B1 "Oka" kwakusidla lwabiwo lubiza kakhulu, kwaye ophela yakhe amathuba ongacacanga kakhulu. Konke oku negalelo yokuba imoto ukusuka kudidi kwezixhobo phambili zemfazwe yawa kwinani imiboniso lwembali, esongeza kuluhlu lwe yokufuna ulwazi zomkhosi.