Biography esifutshane: Pol Verlen

Ngenkulungwane ye-19, France uye ezininzi neembongi abanetalente, iyileyo waba ngobomi entle umdla. Pol Verlen wayengomnye neembongi obalaseleyo. Akumangalisi ukuba lazisiwe "iNkosana Iimbongi" kunye inkosi esivunyiweyo le ndlela yo fanekisela. Noko ke, kukho theoretician okanye inkokeli, yena wayengekho.

Ubuchule kunye nobomi lobuqu imbongi izibakala ezi kuhlangene. Ukuba indalo ezingazinzanga yaye uyakuthanda (ngoko isixelela ngobomi bakhe), Pol Verlen rhoqo Badidekile eziphikisanayo ubuntu bakhe nokwenzeka, yaye yanikezela phantsi ubunzima kweemeko ezinzima ebomini. Kodwa ke njengokuba kufanelekile Anatole France: "Akuvumelekile ukuba asebenzise akuyona efanayo imbongi kunye nani njengabantu bengqiqo. UPawulos idla ongekhoyo kuthi, njengoko iphezulu kwaye uphantsi kakhulu ngaxeshanye sonke kakhulu. Angabikho zingqondweni aze ngaloo ekubeni mbongi ozelwe kanye leminyaka. "

Esakhula

Pol Verlen wazalwa e Metz ngo-1844. Ngenxa yomsebenzi kayise wakhe (yena injineli yasemkhosini), yonke intsapho yafudukela rhoqo, de 1851 ayenziwanga eParis. Apha imbongi elizayo wachitha iminyaka yakhe yesikolo. Ngowe-1862 wafumana iziqu sokuQala kwiincwadi. Sele ebutsheni yakhe endle wabonakala predilection umsebenzi wokubhala. Wayifunda imibongo C. Baudelaire, kwakunye ziimbongi parnassians T. Gautier kunye T. de Bonneville. Ekupheleni kuka 1862 imbongi elizayo iya Faculty of Law ukufunda umthetho, kodwa iingxaki zemali wamnyamezela ukuba izifundo zakhe kwaye ufumane ukusebenza.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Ngowe-1866, uPawulos epapashwe kulindixesha "Namhlanje Parnassus." Kwakhona ipapasha eyakhe ingqokelela wakhe imali "Saturnian umbongo." Xa incwadi yokuqala Verlaine ibonisa impembelelo kwiimbongi umbhali-Parnassian bagatya "imibongo confessional" kunye romantic "iimvakalelo sasigcwele." Ngokutsho kwabo, isibaluli wobuhle - oko obugqibeleleyo ifomu, "ngokuvisisana phakathi luluvo kunye njongo." imibongo Yokuqala Paul Verlaine ibonisa ngokucacileyo kakhulu lo mgaqo. Noko ke, imbongi kubonakala isimbo yayo yoqobo, esibonakala ilizwi melancholic kunye nesakhono ukuze abonise umfundi iintshukumo ezifihlakeleyo umphefumlo, "umculo 'yayo.

imisebenzi ezintsha

Kule 60s ongasekhoyo uPawulos uyasebenzisana namaphephancwadi zoncwadi. Kwakhona ngeendleko zakhe, yena lipapasha nengqokelela ngo-1869 "leeholide Fine." Kuba imibongo waphawulwa yi ukudangala ifomu, imibhalo ephicothayo neyolisayo, sivumele ilizwi buncokola. Imbongi izama akunakwenzeka isicengcelezo versification yemveli.

Ngeli xesha Verlaine wadibana ne intombazana eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala, Matilda. Ukuqhambuka angathabatheki uthando waphefumlela uPawulos ukuba abhale ingqokelela elitsha "Ingoma Good". Le mibongo ifakiwe kule ncwadi, ukuba isingqisho eqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke ilizwi nokuthantamisa kunye lyrical.

Wedding kunye ukuhlangana Rimbaud

Summer 1870 ukuqokelelwa "Ingoma Good" ipapashwe, kunye Verlaine kanye utshata Matilda. sayilungisa Young e Paris, kodwa Ukuqhambuka Franco-Prussia Imfazwe onegunya ukunyanzela ukuba basinde zokungqinga. Emva 1871 amasimi ukudangala kwandisa. Oku kukhuthazwa njengoko zange ukusebenza impilo yakho kwakunye ukulahleka kwe-Paris Thethani.

ubudlelwane Family ngakumbi nzima emva kokudibana uPawulos nenye nembongi French. Le yayingeyiyo Artyur Rembo. Anarchism kunye ukungabi isiqina - ezi zikhundla ezimbini kweyabo esibonakala ngayo ingqondo uArthur kunye ngobomi bakhe. Pol Verlen, nizihlabe le ngqondi entsha, wagqiba kwelokuba break kwizithethe enkondlo. Yena nzulu ucinga malunga nokuqulethwe kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka 1872, Pol Verlen kunye Artyur Rembo ndichithe ixesha kunye. Ukuba ahambe iqashiso laseNgilani kunye Belgium. Rambo wathi uPawulos kufuneka sijonge iindlela ezintsha yemibongo. Ngokufuthi balwe benze uxolo, kude kuvuthondaba ntoni phakathi ngehlazo ngo 1873. Paul Arthur Kuphendula kunye naye amanxeba emagxeni. Ngexesha lo Verlaine wanxiba iminyaka emibini entolongweni. On oko ziya kukhutshwa ngoJanuwari 1875.

Romance ngaphandle Amagama

Zonke imibongo nguPawulos Verlaine olungileyo, kodwa zibandakanyiwe kule ngqokelela "Romance ngaphandle Amazwi" kungcono impumelelo yakhe enkondlo. Le iye yapapashwa ngowe-1874, xa umbhali entolongweni. Kwindinyana umsindo amanqaku ukudangala lusizi kunye zisabonakala emfutshane. Eminye yemisebenzi yakhe zifana komhlaba Impressionist, Bathiwe wambu yinkungu gray, okanye ixutywe enkungwini. Kulo mzekelo, wazilanda ngokucacileyo ukusetyenziswa iimpawu zolwimi olubonakalayo notyekelo njini umfanekiso yayingumfuziselo nokuyibhala.

"Art zemibongo" yaye "iimbongi esihogweni"

Ngowe-1882, uPawulos epapashwe umbongo "Art zemibongo", yaye iye yaba ziimbongi symbolist abatsha kweli Manifesto. Nangona uPawulos akazange ukucebisa abalandeli bakhe ukuba bazibandakanye yokulingisa yoyilo. Kubhetele ukuba eyakho indlela yakho yoqobo. Kulo nyaka mnye beza kumjikelo 'iimbongi esihogweni ", apho umbhali wathetha malunga iimbongi Symbolist yesikolo zakutshanje badumisa T. Korber, Rimbaud, Mallarmé S. et al. Impumelelo yale ngcelele eye wavumela uPawulos ukuba ukupapasha ngakumbi ngemisebenzi yabo aze kuhlawulwa okulungileyo kwabo imali. Sinokuthi ngokwemigqaliselo yemali, eli xesha ebomini wembongi. Oku kuphelisa yomlando wakhe. Pol Verlen wafa ngo-1896 pneumonia.