Wayevuma ezihlelelekileyo kudliwe, usindise. Le olungaka eludinini abagqibele - ifomula

Ngenxa yokwanda kwingeniso nawuphi na umntu uqala ukuchitha ngakumbi into ukusindisa. Kubonakala ukuba practice, yonke ilula - ngakumbi imali, kuthetha, kwaye ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into. Enyanisweni, uqoqosho unenani kweekhonsepthi, iingcamango, neefomula ezahlukeneyo kunye nobudlelwane ezichaza, ukubala nokuchaza esi senzeko. Ezi ziquka loluthando ubatshise (eziseludinini, umlinganiselo), ukugcina umthetho, Keynesian engundoqo kwengqondo, njalo njalo. D. Ulwazi kunye nokuqonda imigaqo yezoqoqosho kunye nomthetho kwenza kube lula ukuhlola ahlukileyo nesenzeko njengesiqhelo, kwakunye wabo kunye nemithetho, ukuba ngayo ukuphila.

umsunguli

", Wayevuma eludinini kudliwe, ugcine" wabonakala Ingcamango ka engama-20-30. leminyaka yokugqibela. imfundiso yakhe yezoqoqosho owaziswa eliNgesi Dzhon Meynard Keyns. Phantsi ukusetyenziswa Kubandakanya usebenzisa iindidi impahla ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ngokwenyama, ngokomoya okanye umntu ngumntu omnye okanye iqela labantu. Savings njengoko Keynes ekhethe isahlulo yengeniso ayizange isetyenziswe kwi ngesifo sephepha, kwaye zigcinwe ukuze zisetyenziswe kwixesha elizayo ithuba elingcono. The Economist kwakhona utyhila umthetho engundoqo ngokwasengqondweni, njengoko apho kunye nokukhula kwengeniso kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuyimfuneko kwandisa ubungakanani (uluhlu elide kwempahla, impahla cheap athathelwa indawo eninzi kakhulu, njalo njalo. D.), Kodwa njengokuba abazili (hayi kisekiyo). Ngamanye amazwi, kokukhona umntu ufumana iqela labantu, kokukhona uchitha, kodwa ke omkhulu isixa beye bandishiya ukulondoloza. Ngokusekelwe imfundiso yakhe, Keynes iphuhlise iingqiqo ezinje olungaka avareji, kanye abagqibele (ifomula ukubala, nam, iyatsalwa), kunye olungaka avareji, kanye ukugcina kunye indlela yokubala zayo. Ukongeza, i-yezoqoqosho baziincamisa ichonge waseka inani ubudlelwane phakathi kwala magama.

yokubala yokusebenzisa

wayevuma ezihlelelekileyo ukuba zidle lilingana umlinganiselo utshintsho kusetyenziso kutshintsho kwingeniso. Kuyinto iqhezu utshintsho inkcitho yabathengi ngeyunithi nganye yengeniso, nto leyo eyakhokelela kubo. Jonga le nto idla ngoonobumba Latin MPC - shunqulelo wayevuma eludinini ndibagqibele. Ifomula sijongeka njengoku:

MPC = Utshintsho kwiinguqu ukusetyenziswa / ingeniso.

yokubala imali

Kanye njengokuba utyekelo ukuba zidle wayevuma eludinini ukugcina utshintsho umlinganiselo kubalwa kwemali kwiinguqu ingeniso. Siveza ukuba inani lotshintsho kwemfuyo, oluba kwiyunithi nganye lemali yengeniso olongezelelweyo. Kule ncwadi, lo mbono imele MPS - shunqulelo wayevuma eludinini imali. Ifomula kulo mzekelo lumi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

MPS = Utshintsho utshintsho yokonga / ingeniso.

umzekelo

Izibalo iziphawuli ezifana olungaka abekelwe kubadla nayiphi na imali, ulula.

Imvelaphi: ukusetyenziswa usapho ivanov ngo-Oktobha 2016 wawuyi-30 000, yaye ngoNovemba - engange 35 000. Ingeniso efunyenwe ngo-Oktobha kunyaka 2016 kwakukho engange 40 000, yaye ngoNovemba - engange 60 000.

Savings 1 = 40 000 - engange 30 000 = 10 000.

Savings 2 = 60 000 - engange 35 000 = 25 000.

MPC = 35 000 -30 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.25.

MPS = 25 000 - 10 000/60 000 - 40 000 = 0.75.

Ngoko ke, ukuba intsapho ka ivanov:

Reserve wayevuma ukuba zidle ulingana 0.25.

Reserve wayevuma ukuba ugcine ulingana 0.75.

Ubudlelwane kunye izixhomekeki

Reserve wayevuma ukuba zidle nokusindisa unit ngemali nganye usebenzisa i data ezifanayo lokuqala kufuneka ayilungise kumanyano. Oku kulandela ukuba akukho nanye kwezi amaxabiso ngenxa yokubala ayikwazi kuba mkhulu 1. Kungenjalo, kufuneka ukhangele ukuba iimpazamo okanye ezingachanekanga kwi idatha yoqobo.

Ukongeza ingeniso kwezi zalathisi, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela:

• Ubutyebi eziyintlanganisela imizi (izibambiso, ilifa lokwenene). Okukhona isayizi yazo, lo uphantsi umgangatho lokonga kwaye ephezulu umbane. Oku kubangelwa kunye neendleko nokugcinwa propati, yaye sigcine umgangatho othile zokuphila, kwakunye nokungabikho imfuneko obukhulu kwoqwebo.
• Ukukhula ezahlukeneyo iirhafu kunye nemirhumo, kwaye kakhulu ukunciphisa nexabiso lemali egciniweyo kunye imali yenkcitho.
• Ukunyuka unikezelo kwimarike inegalelo ekukhuleni ngesifo kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukunciphisa izinga sokuzuza. Okubuhlungu ibangelwa ukuvela imveliso entsha okanye inkonzo (ngenxa yokuba inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe), ngenxa yokuba kukho imfuno entsha angekho ngaphambili.
• balindele Economic isekude ukukhula njengoko Isalathisi mnye, kunye yesibini. Hi xikombiso, le ukulindela ukunyuka kwexabiso nayiphi na imveliso kunokubangela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo iimveliso zayo (billets kwixesha elizayo), nto leyo iba nefuthe elibi ezitokisini.
• ukwanda kakhulu okungalindelekanga amaxabiso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuchaphazela ekusetyenzisweni kunye ugcino kwamaqela ezahlukeneyo kwezentlalo.

analysis Iimpawu

Kukho iindawo ezininzi ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uhlalutyo iziphawuli ezifana loluthando abagqibele na kumda, ngokunjalo anisindise. Yintoni na le ngongoma? Okokuqala, ukuba olungaka abekelwe ukutya phantse mnye, ngoko kukho ukunqongophala yengeniso okanye inqanaba elisezantsi yokukhula kuthelekiswa ngokukhula iimfuno ngokwenyama nangokomoya. Amaninzi, lo mfanekiso kumazwe asakhasayo kunye zoqoqosho ezibuthathaka, okanye kumaxa ziingxaki zemali kunye nezoqoqosho.

Okwesibini, ukubalwa izingqinisiso ngabanye okanye iintsapho ukuze uqoqosho okanye kwishishini inkcazelo encinane, ngoko ke idla kugqalwa ezithile ngesifo kunye nolondolozo (kumakhaya, amaqela asekuhlaleni, njalo njalo. D.). Ngelo xesha sinandipha eziliqela izibonelelo theory Keynesian. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa umsebenzi yengeniso elahlwayo.

izalathi Okwesithathu, lo kulingwa isetyenziswa ngokubanzi aba iiphiriyodi ezimbini (njengoko kubonisiwe kumzekelo ukubala), kunye nemilinganiselo phezu ixesha elide. Emva koko ngokucacile ebonisa iziphumo, nto leyo ngakumbi abangaboniyo ukuhlola nokuhlalutya okuhambisa. imisebenzi yeTshathi kuthiwa Keynesian yaye ngokufuthi kuvela uhlalutyo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho.