Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich - nomhloli Russian Arctic: ibhayografi emfutshane

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela enye miba ibalulekileyo enxulumene ukufundisisa Arctic, yaba uphuhliso kuLwandle Northern Route, nto leyo evumela ukunciphisa indlela yokukhangela kweenqanawa phakathi inxalenye yaseYurophu zelizwe lethu kunye East Far. Phakathi kwabo Wabunikela ubomi babo ngenxa ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo yaba umhambi Russian Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich (1884-1914), ogama lakhe ngonaphakade kwimbali yenzululwazi Russian.

nakumlibo ngokulufaneleyo iintsapho ezizukileyo Russian

Future Arctic Explorer wazalelwa May 19, 1884 e Odessa usapho kwigosa Russian Navy, ikamva Admiral Lev Alekseevich Brusilov. igama labo liyazingca lwendawo kwimbali belizwe, kwanele ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba umalume George L. - Alexei - eyaziwa ngokuba iqhawe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, wakhokela idabi odumileyo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian.

Ukubhalisa 1903 kwi Naval yeCadet lweSizwe, kwiminyaka emibini kamva lo mfana wonyuselwa ukuba yincwadi amagosa, kwaye ngexesha inkonzo beMfazwe Russian-Japanese asithwale imikhombe butho we-East Far. Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe oyinyaniso hayi indlela Ngokufanayo, nemisebenzi yophando.

Amava Uphando lokuqala

Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich yokuqala ukuvela kwi Arctic Circle ngowe-1910, waba ilungu uhambo lokuhlola amanzi, umsebenzi egama uphuhliso kuLwandle Northern Route. Xa nokulahlwa izazinzulu bekukho icebreaker ezimbini "Taimyr" yaye "Vaigach". Ukusuka empuma kuye entshona ecaleni konxweme ye-Arctic Ocean, hambo waqokelela isixa esikhulu data yenzululwazi, ukuze, i-Arctic kwimaphu othe angaziwa emininzi phambi kokuba ziqithi kunye ezingxingongweni. George L. inxaxheba lesikhumbuzo kulo msebenzi nzima kwaba ogama lakhe behlonipha bakhe iinqanawa, nxiba Cape Dezhnev - kwindawo lwezwekazi Russia kunye lonke Eurasia.

isicwangciso onesibindi

Publishing ingxelo malunga zobuntlola labaphandi Mbasa amazwe, njengoko eNorway Raul Amundsen kunye Fridtjof Nansen, kwakunye American Robert Piri kunye eliNgesi Robert Scott, kwahlangatyezwana eRashiya ngomdla omkhulu. Kuba engafuni ukunika entendeni ukuya kuphuhliso North bamanye amazwe, kwaye njengegosa lokwenyaniso Russian, umphefumlo iqaqamba ukuba namandla nodumo, GL Brusilov, elandela umzekelo nabanye abahambi amabini G. Sedov kunye Rusanov, wagqiba kwelokuba ukuhlela ngohambo lwakhe.

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ekuqondeni le projekthi wakhawulwa, njengoko kudla ngokwenzeka, ekuchongeni imithombo yenkxaso-mali esiyifumanayo, njengoko imali kwakudinga kwaye buqu Georgiy Lvovich akazange abe nazo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokuphuma wafunyanwa.

Ngowe-1912, wathabatha ikhefu elisemthethweni, Brusilov isaziso ngokusekwa kwinkampani imfuyo joint, kulindeleke ogama ingeniso ukuba kuhlawuliswa kuzingela ezanyisayo, leyo kwafuneka lijongane endleleni yamalungu elizayo hambo. Hayi ukufumana impendulo uluntu jikelele, umntu othanda ngenkalipho unako, ke, ukuba bazenze izalamane zabo ukuba babe zabelo.

Abatyali mali enkulu baba umalume wakhe Boris Alekseevich Brusilov - mhlaba inkulu eRashiya, kunye nomfazi wakhe, sisidwangube Anna Nikolaevna, nikela kule oluthandabuzekayo kakhulu ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, projekthi 90 lamawaka engange -. A isixa omkhulu ngaloo mihla.

Iingxaki ababekhwele kweso "St. Anna"

Ngaloo ekusombululeni ingxaki zemali, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich waya eNgilani, apho ndazifumanela yesibini-ngesandla nangona, kodwa wayesenamandla kakhulu schooner umkhumbi umphunga. Yayibizwa ngokuba "Blenkatra", kodwa ukuba phantsi kweflegi Russian, koko ngokutsha imbeko-mali ezingundoqo hambo - sisidwangube Anna Nikolayevna yaye igama "St Anna".

Ukusuka St. Petersburg pier schooner "Saint Anna" Wemka Agasti 10, 1912 waza waya ngaphesheya koLwandle Barents, apho stop wakhe wokuqala kwacetywa kufuphi ityala elincinane Alexandrovsk-on-Murman (namhlanje Polar). Apho, elinde ngumququzeleli yokuqala hambo engxakini enkulu. Xa inqanawa lawela elunxwemeni, inxalenye enkulu benqanawa - a oomatiloshe ezimbalwa, ugqirha enqanaweni, kunye, okubi bonke, Umlawuli - enqaba ukuqhubeka ukuqubha.

Le meko ukugxeka. Kuzo zonke wahlala ababekhwele kweso sikhephe, abantu abahlanu kuphela, zamadoda kanye Brusilov kunye esasihamba yesibini Albanova (umfanekiso wakhe ipapashwe ngezantsi), baba oomatiloshe zobungcali, kunye ugqirha wavuma ukuba enze umsebenzi, kwenzeka ukuba nabo ngumongikazi. Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke, September 10, bethwele unikezelo enkulu yokutya, "St. Anna" waqhubeka endleleni.

Kule ice ekuthinjweni

Emva kweveki, kufikelela kuLwandle Kara, loo nqanawa ijike ukuya eqinileyo ice strip ukuba bayangena akwazileyo nokuba kwisithuba seentsuku ezilishumi ukusuka iindinyana ezivaliweyo namanzi evulekileyo. Kodwa ke, egcwele ngokupheleleyo ngumkhenkce, abahloli ezilahlekileyo amathuba elizayo yokuqhuba isikhephe. Ngoko ke, ngo-Oktobha 10, 1912 waqala phantse iminyaka emibini aphile zabo. Ngokuthanda yomoya nemisinga, vmorzshee e ice emkhombeni, endaweni ikhosi ecwangcisiweyo kwicala lasempuma, ukuya emntla, nakwintshonalanga engasentla.

NgoJuni 1913 inqanawa elandelayo nje emantla Novaya Zemlya, kwaye ubone ngokucacileyo ngaphambi kwicandelo ice-free elwandle, kodwa onke lamalinge akanamsebenzi ukuze nge kuye baba lilize, kwaye akunakuphepheka yesibini ebusika kucaca. Emva kwenye kweenyanga ezintandathu inqanawa yanikwa kwisithili Franz Josef Land.

Emzini lokufa

Ngeli xesha, nangona izinto ukutya inxenye nako ukubahluthisa ngeendleko kuzingela, yonke imihla waziva ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kukunqongophala kubo. Ngaphezu crew umnwe yindlala. Ngelo xesha ebhodini ziphelelwe ngamafutha, leyo Brusilov hambo ezisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokupheka.

Kule meko langoku, kwagqitywa ekubeni abasebenzi lonke ukuba sehle kwaye uzame ukuhamba phezu umkhenkce ukufikelela umhlaba omiweyo. Efanayo kakhulu Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich wahlala kwi "Saint Anne". Yintoni eyamenza athathe eli sigqibo yintlekele ngokwabo, uhlala ayaziwa. Mhlawumbi njengegosa Russian, yaye, ke ngoko, umntu imbeko, wayengakwazi kuthwala ihlazo ezinxulumene ukutyala ngokugqithileyo ematyaleni. Mhlawumbi ukuba bathuthunjiswe ukwazi ukuba izenzo zakhe sanga singabamiselwe ukufa abantu bamlandela. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abaqhubi wammisa ngaphandle kwakhe.

Intlekele of the crew "St. Anna"

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, ukuzama ukufikelela inxalenye ezimiweyo unxweme lalingayi kuphumelela yaye kuye kwaqwalaselwa yi-nxaxheba bayo njengoko ithuba esisele kuphela. Njengoko ekuqaleni Brusilov uhambo ndandingenakho nokulicingela ukuhamba zicatshulwa, kwakungekho izixhobo ezifanelekileyo athengelwe kubo. Ngenxa yoko, amaphenyane, sleds neempahla ezinoboya kwafuneka ukuvelisa ngokwawo, ngaphandle kokuba amava eziyimfuneko kunye nobuchule.

Noko ke, akukho enye wayengekho, no-Aprili 23, 1914 abaqhubi waphuma enqanaweni. Biography Brusilov, eneneni, kule episode sedrama, wamnqamla njengoko kungekho bani uphilayo angamboniyo. Ke namanye amalungu hambo, ziyahlelwa abaninzi kubo, kwakungekho kabuhlungu ngaphantsi.

indlela Endless kule ice

Yenza uqatshelo olufanelekileyo ngeenkwenkwezi nokuthelekisa iziphumo zabo kunye angoovimba iimephu kwawo, abahloli bafumanisa ukuba yokuhlala ekufutshane baya kudlula km 160. Noko ke, endleleni eya, bona wazidiliza bejonge ice ukududulwa, yaye ngenxa yale mgama liye lenyuka izihlandlo ezibini ezinesiqingatha.

Ukongeza, ukuntsonkotha inguqu kunye nokungondleki mandundu kakhulu, ngenxa yezono zenu zonke isitokhwe omdala kuphela isixa elincinane crackers, ngokucacileyo ayanelanga ukuba ubuyise amandla osetyenzisiweyo.

Ngenxa yoko, inani labo owashiya emkhombeni, phantse bonke wafela endleleni. Ukudalelwa kwasala nto yabangela iqela Albanov esasihamba kunye namakhadi Conrad. Kubo, zaqina yaye kunzima ngokwabaphile komzimba, ndathabatha inqanawa "St. Foka", inxalenye hambo wulwe Sedov.

search aluphumelelanga

Ngenxa yokuba ababhalisiweyo kwaoko emithathu hambo Russian polar ekuqaleni kuka-1914 abantu abalahlekileyo zaye - wulwe Sedov, VA Rusanov, kunye nalowo ekhokelwa Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, ityala wavuka livakale embi kakhulu kuluntu ukuba isalathiso bombutho nangoko uphendlo yanikwa ngqo kwiKhabhinethi. Ngenxa kule inyanga ezine inqanawa lokuHlola waya elwandle.

Ngexesha le Arctic kwi mephu sele inikezelwe ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo eyayivumela ngocwangco kulibhala iindawo ezininzi ukuba zihlale bamazwe ezingekhoyo. Ukongeza, okokuqala kwimbali yehlabathi ukuya ukusebenza awakhulula yayibangelwa Aviation polar. Seaplane Farman MF.11, lwalingwa yi pilot Yanom Nagurskim benza moya ngemihla unxweme Novaya Zemlya kunye nakwiindawo ezikufutshane.

Ukufuna kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithathu yaphazamiseka kuphela ngokunxulumene iziganeko zobupolitika kunyaka 1917. Fumana schooner "Saint Anna", okanye ubuncinane okuseleyo kuwo, oko akwenzeki. Kuphela kakhulu kamva, ngo-2010, babe kubunkokheli be-National Park "Onega Pomorie" uhambo ukuya Franz Josef Land walungiswa, nto leyo uzokwazi ukubona isidumbu abonakale lilifa omnye amalungu eqela Albanova.

wamagama

Nangona isiphumo ngokubulawa kwale uhambo, Brusilov Georgiy Lvovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane apho isiseko eli nqaku, wenze umnikelo othile ukuya ukufunda Arctic. Ngenxa nezinto eziveliswa kule Academy of Sciences osindileyo Albani wakwazi ikakhulu nokumisa i data ekhoyo ngaphambili kwi imisinga yonxweme, ukucacisa umda ithala, kwakunye faka ikhadi kugutyulelwe kwamanzi, ngokuba "St. Anna".