Edliwayo nezompleyini elithozamisayo: Ukutyala nokukhula

Chestnut - umlinganiswa edume ngayo iintsomi kunye neegadi ubuciko hardwood inkcubeko zokuhombisa kunye neepaki kwamazwe Western eYurophu kunye kwimimandla ekumzantsi eRashiya. Le i uhlobo lomthi umdla kwaye unezibizo ezininzi (ezityiwayo, eYurophu, amanene), simanyene ngegama elinye - nezompleyini elithozamisayo. On awohluke zesityalo, imikhwa zayo iindlela zokulima kulinywe ukufunda kule ncwadi.

Owasemzini emzalwaneni beech

Castanea sativa - umthi emangalisayo, ngalo iintlanga ezahlukeneyo zinxulumana unxulumano ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuqala ukwindla eFransi uqala i "Season Red", kuzo zonke kwikona esitratweni abathengisa iziqhamo du kunye nezinye izitya esekelwe phezu kwazo nini. Eqhubela phambili nezompleyini - uhlobo lwe uphawu of Kiev, iipaki spring ityalwe kunye iindlela nezompleyini, ubuhle ezibengezelayo nesisa kunye nogqweso ukusebenza nokuhombisa. Kobakho inkenteza abaphilisi Ixabiso eliphezulu iimpawu zayo amayeza, ekubeni ephilisa bonke ngentla-phantsi iindawo kwisityalo.

ukwanda

South-mpuma eYurophu Malaysia zibonwa indawo awazalelwa kuyo ummeli ezinezinga epholileyo kunye ezifudumeleyo. nezompleyini Sweet, ubusika hardiness iphantsi, ifumaneka namhlanje eMpuma Asia, kuxhaphakile kwiMeditera kunye Atlantic kunxweme of America, kodwa kwimozulu emantla plant iphila.

Umthi - an osindileyo umona. Kwihlabathi kukho ezimbalwa zityalo kokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwama-1000, yaye emazantsi eentaba ezi zihlandlo Caucasus eyaziwa, akuba wawela uphawu kunyaka-500. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo wobomi nezompleyini uthathwa ixesha zinto ixesha - iminyaka 450-500.

iimpawu ezithile

Zonke ezi ntlobo chestnuts usapho edume beech kwaye imithi emide, kufikelela kwiimitha 30-35. Le sisityalo - giant ngokwenene ekusasazeni isithsaba ebanzi kwaye ngqo esiqwini ephumayo, netoti owawufikelela amaxabiso ukuya imitha ezimbini. Dark amaxolo emdaka layigubungela buti yomthi, eqonda iintanda, ubunzulu apho kwanda ubudala. Ngokubanzi ndibachithachithe amasebe ukudala ezinkulu kunye isithsaba ashinyeneyo. Chestnut sishiya kwandiselwa (ukuya kuma-25 cm), kunye ngohlangothi ebonakalayo iinotshi lume kulingana emikhulu. imilo labo elihle ugxininisa isakhiwo ashinyeneyo kunye nombala zimnandi esiluhlaza bumnyama. esezansi namahlamvu ekuqaleni Epreli.

nezompleyini Sweet - watyatyamba umthi. Le mbono umxhelo kwaye kumbona ngoJuni. iintyatyambo ezincinane eqaqambileyo, bahlangana inflorescences spicate, inkcubeko igqunyiweyo, etsala nhla abantu abadlulayo-by nokukhuthaza izinambuzane ukuhlakanipha.

isithelo

Fruiting isityalo iqala ngo-Oktobha nangoNovemba, kunye ekuqaleni defoliation. iziqhamo edliwayo yale nezompleyini - a real nut isakhiwo ashinyeneyo bulubhelu okanye cream-elimbala. Uqala kwi zokuzikhusela iqokobhe-cupule axhotyiswe spikes esiluqilima kwaye awukhusele yeembandezelo ezahlukeneyo. Xa shell nganye enjalo zivuthwe omnye - nuts ezintathu, apho sibange Cupule, exwebula buvele iziqhamo.

iintlobo amandongomane ezifana nezompleyini njenge elithozamisayo ezityiwayo, badle, kunye neentlobo zabo ngobubi, ezifana iziqhamo le nezompleyini ihashe, kukho izinto ezintle ekrwada ukuze zisetyenziswe amayeza abanam. Fruits incasa sweetish, abe isakhiwo looser kancinci nokwakhiwa unique kwezondlo.

nezompleyini enokutyiwa ibukeka ezahlukeneyo ukusuka ihashe wabonisa kancinane iibhokisi incam apho Cotyledon. Emva ukususwa nati yokuvuna igcinwe ixesha elide, kuba bakhawuleza baya ungoma, zaqina Ulahlekwe iimpawu zazo yabathengi.

Castanea sativa: iipropati luncedo kunye nezicelo

Ubume chestnuts unique, benza isethi ukulungelelana iiminerali, iivithamini kunye acids okunamafutha, olukhulu siphande izinto kunye nemixube zabo. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye nezompleyini amandongomane iqulethe isixa ubuncinane nenqatha, nto leyo eyenza kube kuhle ukuba imveliso ukutya ukutya. iiproteni Rich nezompleyini iziqhamo, iswekile, enzayim zezityalo zendalo.

Amantongomane zixabisekileyo njengokutya. Zisetyenziswa entsha okanye phantsi nayiphi ukupheka: eqhotsiweyo, zosiwe, iyabiliswa, kongezwa izonka kunye confectionery iimveliso. Ukusilwa chestnuts egcadiweyo - indawo enkulu ikofu.

Ukongezelela iziqhamo uneempawu ezikhethekileyo kunye namahlamvu emthini, enesiqulatho eliphezulu tannins kunye pectins zibe leyo iintsholongwane kakuhle kwaye ndiyipholise imivumbo, ukuba ayeke ukopha.

Castanea sativa: ekhula

Culture ezityalwe imbewu okanye ngokukha - izithole. Ezimvumvuzelwa yi izinambuzane nezompleyini. Fruiting iintlobo ezahlukeneyo nayo iqala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ezinye - unyaka 3-6-th ubomi, enye - ukusuka 25. Kaninzi kwenzeka ukuba ngokulima ekulinyweni egadini nezompleyini umnyamekeli khathalela ngokuyintloko malunga inxalenye ethile embindini welizwe, kwaye eyesibini - libonelela isivuno abantwana amandongomane kunye nabazukulwana njengoko isivuno yakhe ukususa akusoloko kusenzeka. Kodwa begadi abanamava babanga ukuba ndlovu nyaka-40 ubudala ngokulula ukuqokelela 60-70 kg amantongomane.

nezompleyini Sweet uthathe kakuhle iingcambu phezu, kwiindawo enelanga lukhuselwe kwimihlaba cala nomoya otyebileyo. Ubumanzi-onothando inkcubeko ongabunyamezeliyo imbalela, ngoko ukunyamekela izityalo abaselula kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukukhula owenzalo

Njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, nezompleyini - ivela etropiki ashushu kwaye ungenako ukubathwala iqabaka, kodwa ekhula kakuhle zokugcina kunye conservatories, ngokunjalo kwi inkcubeko ikhaya "bonsai" ubuchwepheshe Japanese.

Fumana emthini ngokupheleleyo nezompleyini evela mbewu ke zavuthwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye uwe emthini. Ukuze zintshule qualitative kufuna ezithile ngokwezinga elide, nto leyo uxelisa, inkqubo zendalo zendalo. Iimbewu babekwa kwisingxobo, galela isanti umlambo eyomileyo baze bafakwe kwisibandisi okanye ongaphantsi. Emva kweenyanga 5-6 enongwe njalo ke imbewu nezompleyini ingatyalwa ukuze imbewu intshule.

Bona ibekwa kungena zeendawana kumxube iinkuni komhlaba nokuvunda leaf. nut nganye etyelwe itanki eyahlukileyo kunye nomthamo neelitha 4-5. Ukuququzelela ukuntshula phambi ngokuhlwayela imbewu igcinwe emanzini ashushu iintsuku 5-6. Nzulu nge-10 cm. Wakubo, ukuba ihlume ngokukhawuleza, zingaphelanga iintsuku 15-20. izithole imila kulinywa entwasahlobo ukuba isakhiwo sebali evulekileyo enelanga, iimbombo ezimdaka imithi yomyezo nezompleyini azikho ezifanelekileyo.

site Landing ukulungiselela kwangaphambili Nokwethisa ubumuncu ngaphezu komhlaba, esongeza nge-1 m ² ka 500-600 grams dolomite kwaye dig ongaphezulu aphezulu wamatye. Phambi izithole ukuba ndibatyale lukhuni, ukungenisa umoya omtsha yonke imihla iiveki ezimbini. Watyala izityalo evulekileyo kuncothulwa emhlabeni-ukukhula okukhulu. Zifuna ulondolozo elula kodwa rhoqo.

Indlela ukuthatha unonophelo izityalo

Kuba kwiindawo apho kukho imozulu epholileyo Castanea sativa yezityalo ezifudumeleyo akhule kuyo akukho nzima, kuphela ukuba anikwe isityalo isuntswana ingqalelo, ukwenza iinkqubo yesiqhelo ebekwe phantsi iimpawu iintlobo kunye nobuchule zokulima zokuvuna.

Ukuxhasa ukukhula kwezityalo abaselula, kufuneka ukususa rhoqo umhlaba kwi imithi, ungazikhulula ngayo amanzi isityalo njengoko kuyimfuneko. Chestnut akayithandi kukoma umhlaba, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha waba nokholo olomeleleyo inkqubo itephu ingcambu yokukhupha amanzi engekho nzima. izityalo kunjalo ibangelwa kufuneka ingachukunyiswa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi.

Edliwayo chestnuts Ububi yeyona hardiness ephantsi ifuna zokufihla ebusika, nokuba ikhule kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo iCrimea. Njengoko zokufihla nutrasil ezisetyenziswayo okanye ezinye izinto non-ephothiweyo zokhuselo.

Zokuthena: yococeko nokwakha

Ngaphandle imisebenzi yesiqhelo bokusebenza, nezompleyini kwakufuneka lokucheba, kusekwe isithsaba, ukubonelela ukuqina zokuhombisa kwaye uthintele nasisihlo izifo imvelaphi ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenza ukuthenwa entwasahlobo ekuqaleni, ukususa i ezonakeleyo, isibetho, ungenamandla kwaye lukhula ngaphakathi kumasebe isithsaba. Formation of a isithsaba olwenziwe isityalo oqolileyo ngakumbi, ukuyakha kuxhomekeke zabo kunye neminqweno. Castanea sativa, ifoto apho lucaciswa kule ncwadi - umthi yinzwakazi. Nangona kunjalo, a ndlovu baphile ummeli beech ikhula kwigadi yakho - isityalo entle kwaye enqwenelekayo begadi imimandla esemazantsi.