Ejele "Lefortovo". iziko lokuvalelwa eMoscow

Mhlawumbi, kukho eRashiya kukho umfo ongamenzanga ukwazi ntolongo odumileyo Lefortovo (okanye indlela izinto ezisetyenziswayo ukuba kuthiwe, "Lefortovo" entolongweni) ibekwe eMoscow. udumo lwakhe uthe yokwambathisa waza wafumana wabulela khona wayo omdala ushukuxwa (ukusukela 1881), kunye nabantu, ngubani ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kule ntolongo yaye siqhubeke kubandakanywe.

A incinane

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukwakhiwa kweziko evalelwe "Lefortovo" yakhiwa ngumzobi P. N. Kozlovym ngo-1881. Ekuqaleni equlethwe ogcino entolongweni okulwa benze izono ezincinane.

C 1917 Lefortovo wegqitha phantsi kolawulo NKVD, yaye kangangeminyaka emininzi iye yasetyenziselwa ya nxaniso abangcangcazelisi abemi zinganakwa.

Ukususela ngo-1954 ukuya 1991, wathi iziko yamabanjwa eyabalandelayo ngokupheleleyo iKGB. Kwaye emva kweminyaka 4 ejele "Lefortovo" yadluliselwa kolawulo FSB of Russia.

Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku entolongweni Lefortovo ekumanqwanqwa nokutshitshiswa kwee-Ministry of Justice.

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Nangona yokuba eRashiya kukho inani elikhulu leendawo ezibuthathaka lohlobo evaliweyo (le yeyona Butyrka odumileyo, koomatiloshe kaThixo cwaka), iziko evalelwe "Lefortovo" yeyona ndawo ivaliwe kunye ingafikeleleki.

Ngenisa kwintsimi yokwambathisa ngeke (kuhle, kakade, ukuba awukho iziko umsebenzi, umphandi, igqwetha walahlwa). Ngowe-1993 yena wenza ngaphandle kuphela: kulo nyaka ekwakheni evalelwe "Lefortovo 'ukuba iintatheli (kwinkomfa press). Oku kuphela kwimeko apho iindonga evalelwe silahliwe.

Iimpawu lwemithombo

isakhiwo yokwambathisa ebekwe phantse embindini komkhulu. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abahlali zezindlu angabamelwane Lefortovo bazi kule ndawo "eyingozi". Oku kwenzeke ubukhulu becala ngenxa sokuyilwa kwesakhiwo kunye evalelwe.

Le yokwambathisa okulungileyo phakathi izakhiwo yesiqhelo eziphakamileyo kaStalin. Woku kukuba iindonga wesakhiwo ejele inombolo 2 zipeyintwe nombala ofanayo iindonga zezakhiwo asebumelwaneni. Konke oku kuvumela isolator ngokungathi yachithwa kwindawo zokuhlala.

Umahluko kuphela evela kumakhaya zokuhlala kuba phambi kocingo ilitye eliphezulu kujikelezo, kodwa ixesha lethu, Ucingo olude akukho namnye uyamangala.

Kule minyaka 130 ikhona, sisakhiwo yokwambathisa sele ilungiswe amaxesha amaninzi: umsebenzi wakhe kubekho nokuyifeza, icwangciswe kwakhona, wakha izindlu ezintsha connecting ukuba kwisakhiwo esikhulu). Kodwa wahlala imbonakalo ingaguqukanga le yokwambathisa: iindonga baluthuthu tyheli, uphahla zesilivere, engqongwe ngodonga eliphezulu limxulube emasangweni enzima luse amabanjwa.

Kwaye yintoni ngaphakathi?

Ekubeni le ndawo yamabanjwa № 2 - kwiziko modal, tyelela abemi abaqhelekileyo ayinakwenzeka. Ukuthatha imifanekiso kunye neevidiyo sisezindongeni Lefortovo nazo akuvumelekanga. Ngoko ke, ukufunda yintoni na yokwambathisa ngaphakathi, kuphela iinkumbulo yangaphambili amabanjwa.

Ngokutsho amabanjwa zangaphambili Lefortovo kukho-ekuthiwa iindonga gumbi yengqondo zipeyintwe emnyama, ukukhanya apho imini nobusuku. Kusolwa kwimeko efanayo umntu eqhelekileyo ixesha elide ukuba kwenzeke. Ngoko ke, umntu kwigumbi ezinjalo iimeko lisoloko linxulunyaniswa ikhomishini naliphi na ityala.

Kukho Lefortovo kunye kwipaseji "ethambileyo" adumileyo kunye owoyikekayo: ethambileyo imigangatho, iindonga, neengcango, azibonileyo izivakalisi nokubulawa zokufa.

Okwangoku, phakathi kweendonga ye yokwambathisa, Kakade ke, akukho shot mnye: amabanjwa kunye igweba behleli emagumbini ilitye, apho, ngaphandle iibhedi babizwa ngokuba, itafile kunye window encinane, nto ngakumbi.

Kodwa "ngokuxuba 'kwabakhonkxiweyo apho unanamhla; phantse nyanga nganye kulinywa kwigumbi omnye komnye, ukutshintsha okusingqongileyo kunye nabamelwane.

Lwazo "khondo bedidekile"

isakhiwo lwangaphakathi isakhiwo yinto engaqhelekanga. Stairwells zenzelwe kuphela umntu omnye, ngoko kutsiba phezu kwabo, umzekelo, kunye, kunokuba kuphela yifayile eyodwa. Inyoba ngqo kunye iindinyana kwisakhiwo phantse akukho: zonke iipaseji, izinyuko kunye iminyango eWild ngokungathi tracks impenduka.

Indoda kweso sakhiwo okokuqala, phuma yona ikukuphela phantse akunakwenzeka. It is a uhlobo ekulo.

Ekubeni sakhiwo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokutsha wayigqiba ukuyakha ngokwayo, kwabonakala, yaye abaninzi "isimo". Ngoko ke, nombono enemigangatho emithathu, oko ngokulula phakathi-ibali ezine.

iindonga yokwambathisa ukuba zipeyintwe ngemibala eqaqambileyo: blue, beige, emhlophe; ngokupheleleyo wonke ummandla iziko kuvalelwa akukho ngaphantsi ngeenxa yokucupha kwewotshi. iikhamera zevidiyo yonke. abasebenzi abaliqela yokwambathisa okwixesha-lokwenene ukulandela yonke into eyenzeka kummandla entolongweni.

unyango oluthile

Nombuso entolongweni ogcino "Lefortovo" ekunokuthiwa kakhulu zingqongqo. Oku kusebenza kuphela eRashiya ejele, nje akunakwenzeka ukuba ukungenisa iziyobisi kunye nezinye neziphumayo. Ukongeza, kukho ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle amathuba yokuqhagamshelana amabanjwa kwizisele ezahlukeneyo (hayi ekuthiwa-intambo Telegraph).

Protection kwi "Lefortovo" ukuphumeza kuphela FSB, leyo waqukumbela isivumelwano engenakwenzeka.

Uninzi Abakhonkxiweyo nasemagumbini kabini ahlanganise indawo malunga-10 eemitha. Kukho kwakhona camera kathathu, kodwa incinane kakhulu. Kukwakho amathuba Esiwa phantsi iseli enye.

Okwangoku yonke ejele Russia ekhokelwa yimimiselo eziqhelekileyo bahlala kuzo. Yokwambathisa "Lefortovo" asinto umnyinyiva: umzekelo, ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba usebenzise ngeketile yombane, konke ukutya wakhonza esityeni efanayo. Ukongeza, indlu yangasese (ngokuchasene nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe) ngqo kwi camera kwaye ezahlulwe sisithuba udonga ephantsi kwindawo eqhelekileyo.

Ngaphandle koku, iimeko lokuhlala kweli ziko evalelwe abaninzi cinga kakuhle ngokwaneleyo.

Indlela ukuya apho?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, apho entolongweni № 2 Kulula kakhulu. Kakade ke, ukuba abasebenzi kuphela kweziko lokuvalelwa, kwakunye nabantu abathi benze ulwaphulo-mthetho olumasikizi lingehla ngokulula kwi yokwambathisa (amabanjwa). Kuba wonke umntu, kuquka abameli, emnyango "Lefortovo" kuyingxaki kakhulu elide.

Inyaniso yokuba, nangona inani elikhulu eziqulethwe evalelwe, iiseli apho bakwazi ukunxibelelana kunye nabameli babo, nje 6. abavikeli Baninzi iiveki awukwazi ukufumana kwi ekuthiwa-ndlela-ntle abathengi.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, amagqwetha kufuneka ukuba ndinenzele amaqashiso: ukwakhelwa yokwambathisa clock umsebenzi umntu igcine uluhlu lwe amagqwetha emgqeni. Defenders negalelo data zabo kuluhlu, uze uzobe amaqashiso: ngubani got "itikiti Lucky", kunye abapasileyo.

Singene yokwambathisa ebesoloko nzima, njengoko abemi abo batyholwa benza ezi zenzo zolwaphulo Osenyangweni-iprofayili. Ngoko ke, amagqwetha amaninzi kufuneka ukuba uthathe ithuba labo ngokuma ubusuku nemini lonke emnyango, ngethemba lokuba phambi ithuba wakhe.

Iinkumbulo nakho: Moscow, "Lefortovo"

Isibonelelo watyelelwa ngabemi abaninzi kakuhle yaziwa, abanempembelelo kunye aphezulu. Ngoko ke, kwiminyaka ezahlukeneyo kwizisele yentolongo zabanjwa: Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Stalin (Unyana Stalin kaThixo), Victor Abakumov (uMphathiswa GB), Inessa Armand, Salman Raduyev, Valeriya Novodvorskaya UYevgeny Ginsburg, Eduard Limonov, kunye namanye amanani zoluntu.

Kuyinto ngenxa iinkumbulo zabo, ungenza gxwa-gqaba ngendlela yokwambathisa. Umzekelo, Ginsburg kwenye yeencwadi zakhe isixelela ongaphantsi yokwambathisa apho amabanjwa shot. Abhale ukuba ukubulawa ukufa izivakalisi kwenziwa Umsindo omkhulu iinjini itrekta. Kwipaseji ekhokelela kwigumbi elingaphantsi, ngokutsho memoirs Ginsburg, waye zazizaliswe iingcango entofontofo ilaphu elithambileyo neendonga - yonke into ibithambile, cwaka, salungiselela ngokukodwa lokunyanzelisa yesivakalisi.

Iindwendwe zithi yomgodi hum kukubhuzwa rhoqo kunye ukungcangcazela evela kwilebhu CIAM, ebekwe ecaleni yokwambathisa.

Izincoko yakhe, owayesakuba 'iindwendwe "" Lefortovo "bhala malunga iimpawu umbuso. Umzekelo, ukuba kwipaseji ke ngelo xesha abantu ababini, babeka phezu kwentloko iingxowa ezimnyama (ukuze akwazi ukubona ukuba ngubani oza kudibana nazo).

Amanye amabanjwa Wakhumbula ukuba abasebenzi abakhethekileyo emi neekhorido entolongweni yokwambathisa, babizwa ngokuba abalimi. Bona yabola amabanjwa kuhamba ezahlukeneyo ukuba bayahlangabezana.

anika umdla

amaziko evalelwe kwiintolongo eMoscow, njengokuba umthetho, zakhiwa kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. "Lefortovo" - akukho ngaphandle. Oku eli ziko evalelwe ligutyungelwe kwilivo ezininzi, iintsomi kunye namabali umdla.

Ngokomzekelo, xa kusakhiwa le yokwambathisa ngo-1881, St Nicholas Church nezaye ngentla komnyango. It wagcinwa njengomnquba ezincinane eyodwa apho amabanjwa ithandaza. Kulo mzekelo, yonke into zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba phakathi kwazo amabanjwa ayikwazanga ukunxibelelana.

Kumaxesha Soviet, isithuba ibandla ukuze ibe yindawo nxaniso kakhulu nokubulawa kwabantu.

Okunye okunika umdla kukuba kwiiyadi umthambo kwi evalelwe ebekwe hayi eyadini kunye phezu kwendlu. Xa iyonke kukho 15 ezi iintendelezo kuhamba ngazo apha ethubeni: yokuqala hamba uqala kwangethuba 8:00 kusasa.

ikratshi ekhethekile

Isimanga, kodwa ke le ndawo yamabanjwa № 2 nguye umnini omnye layibrari entolongweni mdala nomkhulu. Waqalisa ngokuqokelela ngenkulungwane ye-19, yaye namhlanje kuquka iincwadi ezingaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-2 ezizodwa. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi kwabo uhlelo lokudla Pushkin kunye nokuqokelelwa epheleleyo Leskov ngayo imisebenzi for 1897.

Kodwa amanqaku neencwadi ezinxulumene kwimbali yokwambathisa, hayi kwithala leencwadi entolongweni. Indlela angenazo naphi na. iinkcazelo sembali yale entolongweni akwenzelwa yezizathu ezininzi: okokuqala, i "Lefortovo" Nkqu kumaxesha Soviet kwaba ukusebenza amaziko evalelwe nasezintolongweni. Okwesibini, usoloko phantsi kolawulo arhente ezifana abavumelekanga ukuba badize naluphi na ulwazi malunga nale nto.

Entolongweni UViktor Makov, leyo unomdla kakhulu kwimbali yokwambathisa, ufumanisa ukuba abanye kwezincoko zembali malunga "Lefortovo" ze-FSB na kule myuziyam. Noko ke, ukufikelela kuyo kukhawulelwe kakhulu.

UPawulos

insulators Moscow Investigative namaziko ezithile ezibuthathaka. Nangona kunjalo, lo ngowona "Lefortovo" yeyona engqongqo imfihlo. Oku kungenxa yokuba phakathi kweendonga zayo eziqulethwe abenzi zolwaphulo-mthetho ezibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ekuvakaleni kwelizwi. Lidla ezindongeni yokwambathisa kungabonwa xa abantu abaphezulu kunye nempembelelo.

Famous for "Lefortovo" kunye nembali yayo; wakha phantse 130 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, i yokwambathisa ngawo onke amaxesha zange ayeke umsebenzi wabo, nokuba imini enye. Ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba belisoloko into amanyathelo, phantse akukho isincoko zembali kunye namanqaku ngaye.

"Lefortovo" (okanye iziko ukuvalelwa № 2) ise kumbindi wesixeko kwaye ibekwe e Moscow, Lefortovskiy shaft 5.