Elizabeth Tudor 1: engobomi, umgaqo basekhaya angaphandle. Faka 1 Elizabeth Tudor kwezombangazwe. Ngubani olawula emva 1 Elizabeth Tudor?

1 Elizabeth Tudor (iminyaka yobomi - 1533-1603) - Queen of England, ogama imisebenzi negalelo lokusekwa umfanekiselo Golden Age. Yena Kukholelwa ukuba hit ebhodini yayo. Basekhaya angaphandle Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 esisityebi kunene umdla. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha wobukumkani bakhe, wosondeza biography yakhe. Uyazi, yayiyintoni Tudor Elizabeth 1 ngumpolitiki. Ukongeza, siza kuthi amagama ambalwa malunga Ulolawula emva kwayo.

Origin Elizabeth

Ukumkanikazi elizayo wazalwa e Greenwich Palace, elise London namhlanje. Esi sisiganeko esibalulekileyo lizwe-7 Septemba 1533. Uyise uHenry VIII Elizabeth, uKumkani eNgilani, kunye nomama - Anne Boleyn. Eli bhinqa sicakazana yozuko phambi umfazi wokuqala Henry. Ukuze atshate naye, yena umtshato nomfazi wakhe, Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, akakwazi ukuba amnike indlalifa, yaye kwaphuma phantsi kwegunya upopu. Ngowe-1534, uHenry VIII wathi yena eyintloko yebandla IsiNgesi. Anne Boleyn (iboniswe ngezantsi zabantu bakhe kanye Henry) ngoMeyi 1536 babulawa, wasenga uyakrexeza. Kodwa nandzu yokwenene lo mfazi ukuba akwazi ukunika uzale unyana, uHenry, indlalifa kwisihlalo sobukhosi.

Okumiselwe Elizabeth ebudeni bolawulo Edward VI

Elizabeth kwixesha eliphakathi kokufa kukayise, owenzeka ngo 1547, kunye umbusi ukuze kwetrone kwakufuneka iphumele ntlungu, leyo, Kakade ke, kubonakala zayo. Ebudeni bolawulo Edward VI, nakwisiqingatha umzalwana wakhe, owayelawula ukususela 1547 kwada 1553, iKumkanikazi ikusasa ngokulahleka babandakanyeka iyelenqe, Nkosi Admiral Thomas Seymour. Unomona Eduardu Seymuru, umninawa wakhe, othe ngexesha kwigcuntswana lo Edward VI yaba ngumkhuseli yobukumkani, uTomas wenza amaxesha ngokungenankathalo eziliqela. Ezi zenzo wakholelwa ukuba izicwangciso yazibandakanya d'AFP. Plan Thomas watshata uElizabhete waba ngaphezulu ukungakhathali. Umyeni ayiphumelelanga ngoJanuwari 1549 basiwa eluvalelweni.

Ngexesha lokulawula kaMariya I kunye uElizabhete nxi

Ngexesha lokulawula kaMariya I Tudor, okt ngexesha ukususela-1553 kude kube 1558, Elizabeth esasiphezu yingozi enkulu. UMariya uza isiqingatha-udade ngukumkanikazi elizayo. Xa uHenry umtshato Catherine, unina wakhe, yena sele abadala ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde shame ezinxulumene nayo. UMaria waba umKatolika nenkani, wenza uvelwano proispanskih kwaye zithumele intombi uAnny Boleyn.

Emva kokuba anyukele etroneni, Maria wadlala emtshatweni kuFilipu, lowo yindlalifa kwitrone Spanish. Oku zavelisa inani elikhulu iziza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kubo kuqwalaselwa njengesiganeko kwimvukelo ngoJanuwari 1554 Thomas Friday kaThixo. Nangona kubonakala ukuba Elizabeth warhoxa unqulo yamaKatolika, kwakhona yaziswa ngokwaseburhulumenteni, amaProtestanti andiyekanga ukubeka amathemba abo wayekunye naye. Ngenxa yoku, kwankqu ubukho kwaza oko kwavusa Elizabeth Mary (umfanekiso wakhe eboniswe ngezantsi).

Ukumkanikazi elizayo emva kwimvukelo Friday wabanjwa kwaye ke ngoko afakwe Tower. Apho kwafuneka ukuba bachitha iinyanga ezi-2. Elizabeth ngoko unyaka sele egadiwe e Woodstock, ibekwe kufuphi Oxford.

Ukungena etroneni. Umbuzo kobume ibandla

1 Tudor Elizabeth weza etroneni-17 Novemba 1558. Kwintlanganiso wePalamente, eyayibanjelwe ngoJanuwari wonyaka ozayo, umbuzo ke wavuswa malunga nesakhiwo ibandla. Le Kumkanikazi wayekulungele ukusahlula thina kwakuphethe waseRoma kunye Church of England, kodwa kwezinye iinkalo wayeza ukwenza ngomoya endala, ngononophelo olukhulu. The House of Commons wathetha imfuneko iinguqu ezinkulu umnqwazi. Elizabeth ithanda icawa Episcopal nenkonzo, yamkela ekuthiwa-high-ecaweni. Ekugqibeleni, yafikelelwa kwizibhambathiso, ebizwa nge eendaba, apho yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini lithetha "ndlela." Elizabeth iinguqu ezichongiweyo iinkalo Church of England, aye alondolozwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Noko ke, banikela ukunyuka ukunganeliseki kunye amaProtestanti, namaKatolika.

Umbuzo kahle

Epalamente, ngokunjalo amagosa karhulumente sasixhalabele ikamva kobuProtestanti kweli lizwe. Inyani yokuba Queen Elizabeth 1 Tudor ke yokugqibela Tudor ubukhosi. Njengoko imiba yezopolitiko nokuzikhethela kukhokelele kwinto yokuba wahlala de ekufeni kwakhe nandoda. AmaProtestanti andifuni ukuvumela lamaKatolika etroneni. Kodwa uMariya Stuart, uKumkanikazi of iScots, abo banelungelo isithsaba eNgilani, nje yamaKatolika. Enyanisweni, uElizabeth eyedwa. It isigqibo ukuyi- umbuzo wokulandelelana. Oku kuqinisekiswa ukuchaneka elide-emi bolawulo (kweminyaka phantse 45). Noko ke, ubungqola kwiKumkanikazi okokuqala kukhokelele ingqumbo phezu inxalenye ePalamente, kwaye kwicala ngabacebisi basondeleyo. Oku ingakumbi uphawu 1566.

Relations of England ne Scotland

Kwindawo yokuqala ngeli xesha ngaphandle lobudlelwane eNgilani eSkotlani, apho ngo-1559 i bathi ngokukhawuleza ngokwayo uHlaziyo. It kubanjwe ukuvukela ibamba French, Marii GIZ, owayelawula egameni lika Mary Stuart, intombi yakhe. UMariya GIZ ke ngelo xesha njengoko ngumlawuli Scotland kunye nomfazi uKumkani yaseFransi. Ukuze abo bavukeli nako zokususa i-French evela emaphandleni, ukuba wathabatha sokungenelela Elizabeth. Ngowe-1562 kwaye ixesha elide emva koko iKumkanikazi wangenelela kwiipolitiki zangaphakathi yaseFransi. Waziphilisa iqela eneenkani obuProtestanti (Huguenot). Emva kwexesha elithile, Elizabeth likwaxhase amaProtestanti eNetherlands, owathetha nxamnye uKumkani of Spain uPhilip II.

Ubudlelwane noMariya Stuart

Ngowe-1561, wafa uFrançois II, indoda kaMariya Stuart. Emva koko uMariya wabuyela kwilizwe labo. Waqala iinkalo ezininzi kwimbali enokuphikiswa yaye entsonkothileyo ubudlelwane kunye Elizabeth yakhe. Ngokungafaniyo yokugqibela, Maria wayengenguye sikatata. Wayekiswa emva kokugwintwa Genriha Styuarta, umfazi wakhe wesibini. UMariya wayevalelwe, kodwa wakwazi ukubaleka. Aphela kwabachasi kaBhedadi, amajoni ayo, uze uphele eNgilani, wawela umda.

NgoMeyi 1568 ukufika Stuart England wadala ezinye iingxaki Heroine kweli nqaku. 1 Elizabeth Tudor kwezombangazwe owayekwimeko esinzima. Urhulumente eziqulathwe uMariya njengebanjwa, ngoko waqalisa ukutsala inkcaso. ENgilani, kungekudala waqalisa isifo, esinye sezizathu leyo iye yanxulunyaniswa phambi Stuart. Abo bavukeli ekupheleni kuka 1569 bamphikisa ngasentla. NgoFebruwari 1570 kwabakho kweqiwa, ngexesha apho 1 Elizabeth Tudor sabhengezwa makasuswe esihlalweni, yaye abemi bawo baye bakhululwa isifungo kwiKumkanikazi. Katolika kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke amazwe. Bona zisekelwe sobufundisi lizwekazi ifunyenwe apho kusekwe kwaye wazisa amakhwenkwe zamaKatolika phezulu ngoko ndimthuma bevangeli eNgilani. Injongo kwakuphethe ukuba asuse Elizabeth ngoncedo zeqela French ka ngesebe kunye namagunya wezwe Spain. Phezu kwetrone eyayicwangciselwe ukwakha uMariya Stuart.

IPalamente kunye abalungiseleli Queen waqalisa ukufuna imithetho engqongqo namaKatolika, ingakumbi bevangeli. iyelenqe Ridolfi nxamnye Elizabeth yafunyanwa ngo 1572. Kwaba ezibandakanyekayo kunye noMariya Stuart. Emva eli yelenqe abalungiseleli kunye epalamente ukuba babefuna yokummangalela kaMariya lokungcatsha. Noko ke, uElizabhete wagqiba ukuba angenelele, ngoko ke enetyala akukenzeki. Xa wadlula isigqibo sokuba aqale Stewart ekunene ukuya etroneni eNgilani, Elizabeth wabeka azo yakhe.

Inani ababingeleli zabefundisi ukusuka 1580 waqalisa ukomeleza bamaKatolika. Spain kulo nyaka ukuba lathathwa Portugal. Kangangexesha elide, Elizabeth yancedisa imvukelo ye-Netherlands ne Spain. Oku, kwakunye obenziwe kuphangwa British kwi amathanga baseSpeyin kwakhokelela imbambano.

UWilliam Silent lokubulala. isivumelwano Association

Kungekudala emva kokuba isakhiwo sebali lodongwe Throckmorton, ngowe-1584, oko kwazeka ukuba eNetherlands, yabulawa yi uWilliam Cwaka, obeyindoda yamaKatolika. IsiNgesi AmaProtestanti maqela aba-iSivumelwano Association. Injongo yakhe ngokubulawa kwabantu M. Stewart kwimeko iya kuba imizamo queen lwabo.

Inkxaso yemvukelo Dutch. Ukubulawa Marii Styuart

Ukufa uWilliam Silent kukhokelele kwinto yokuba imvukelo Dutch ezilahlekileyo nenkokeli yalo. Oku banyazelisa Dutch Queen Elizabeth ukuthumela ukunceda amajoni aseBritani, umthetho nguloo Graf uLester. Kwathi ekwindla ka-1585. Eli liphulo longenelelo ngoncedo sivulekile kufana isibhengezo yemfazwe.

I amazwe Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 alunakulungela wonke. Babington iyelenqe lodongwe ngo-1586. Injongo yakhe yayikukuba ukubulala Queen Elizabeth nobukumkani kaMariya. Le yokugqibela wathabatha inxaxheba kuyo. Yena wafaka ematyaleni. Ngokutsho ngokwesigqibo esityatyathwe yiPalamente kule minyaka 1584-1585, waze wagwetywa ukuba afe. Xa ekwindla ka-1586 senzeka kokubizwa epalamente. Waye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuphindaphindiweyo imfuneko ngazwi angazishiyi ukhetho ukuya eBhayi. UMariya ukuze aphumeze February 8, 1587.

I Spanish Homepage

Ukufa uMariya waba umfutho ebizwa ngokuba yi-lweshishini yamaKatolika nxamnye eNgilani. Summer Spanish Homepage ngo-1588 waya elwandle ukuze ndimaphule kwizithuthi IsiNgesi kunye yokugubungela ukugaleleka kunxweme kweli lizwe Wezomkhosi Spanish. iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-8 kwidabi side. Gidi Homepage ngenxa kokuba ubethwe. Kwathiwa saa, yaye endleleni eya eSpeyin ngenxa iinkqwithela, ubunzima ilahleko enzima.

Inyathelo nxamnye Spain

Imfazwe phakathi eNgilani Spain akukho ngokusesikweni wathi ke, nangona kunjalo, ungquzulwano evulekileyo phakathi kwamazwe yaqhubeka. Henry III, ukumkani eFransi, wabulawa 1589. Emva koko uElizabhete erhuqelwe ibe ukruthakruthwano kwiqonga elitsha. The Catholic League of France, ixhaswe eSpeyin, wamelana wobukumkani Henry IV, indlalifa. Yena waye eyinganga yama beqela Huguenot. Koroleva Elizaveta wanceda uHenry ukuba alwe.

Lo ke, umgaqo-nkqubo ngokufutshane amazwe 1 Elizabeth Tudor. Le theyibhile, Kakade ke, bekuya kuba yasinceda ukunika inkcazelo engakumbi ngokufutshane. Noko ke, ukumkanikazi imisebenzi umdla kangangokuba andifuni ukuba kule ndlela ngolwazi. Sikholelwa ukuba ngendlela efanayo kufuneka kuchazwe kwaye yangaphakathi Politika Elizavety Tudor 1. Le theyibhile apha iya misplaced. Into malunga nezopolitiko yangaphakathi Queen, sele wamxelela. ubudlelwane ukwazi kakhulu abalungiseleli bakhe kunye zayo. Sinikezela ukuba uqhelane nabo.

Abalungiseleli kunye ngamagosa ka Elizabeth

Le Kumkanikazi wabonisa ukunyaniseka gqitha neqembu yakhe, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, akazange abonise nayiphi sobukhosi. 1 Elizabeth Tudor, ogama engobomi i baloko ubuntu lawo, nokuzeyisa wathatha zonke kwabalungiseleli bakhe. Uilyam Sesil yaba umgqatswa lokuqala. Elizabeth wathembela kuye ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na. Xa amanye abacebisi Queen baba: Walter Mayldmey, Frensis Uolsingem, unyana ka-William - uRobert Cecil, noTomas Smith. La yayingamadoda kwabalungiseleli ezingaqhelekanga. Ngaphandle koku, Elizabeth wayesoloko lady zabo kunye nenkosikazi. Esi sisiganeko esibalulekileyo abo abanomdla iimpawu 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

Ukumkanikazi waba ngaphandle abalungiseleli kunye zayo. Amanani kakhulu avelele: Christopher Hatton, Graf uLester, noRobert Devereux, Earl of Essex. Elizabeth waqhubeka ngandlel kude uFrancis Bacon kunye noWalter Rayleigh, ngenxa yokuba abazange bakholose iimpawu zomntu, kodwa kukho uluvo ophezulu ukukwazi kwabo.

Ubudlelwane kunye Elizabeth Earl of Essex

Burley, owayehlala kude 1598, efuna ukudlulisela impembelelo nesikhundla Robert Cecil, unyana wakhe omncinane yedwa. Wayeyindoda kakhulu, kodwa ukhubazekile emzimbeni. Earl of Essex, intshisakalo oselula (umfanekiso wakhe ezinikwe apha ngentla), wathetha nxamnye nayo. Xa bamba Cádiz, owenzeka ngo 1596, wazakhela a okucengacengayo uvavanyo nobuqaqawuli obukhulu. Noko ke, xa wayeka maluphelele namatshamba emkhosini, kongezwe i-nkqubo, kwafuneka ukuba neentlobano ukulwa ne uCecilia.

Elizabeth wenza othandwayo ka Essex, indoda esinomtsalane omkhulu. Laliyihlonela iimpawu zakhe. Noko ke, ukumkanikazi akunjalo nomdla kunye Essex, ukuba bamxhase phakathi kwenzame eziyingozi yezopolitiko. Yena ngabom akhuthazwa mntanam noRoberta Sesila, kwangaxeshanye counteracting Essex kwi injongo kuziswe kwizikhundla ephezulu abaviwa babo. Kwaba Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 ngokubhekiselele kuloo mntu.

A Inani ukungqubana zobuqu ilandelwe phakathi eBhayi kunye azithandayo. Xa ukumkanikazi yambamba kuye indlebe, njengoko ngobudlongodlongo wajika wabuyela kuye; engxamele ukuphuma (ngolunye uhlobo, ndamnika ngempama ebusweni). Le ngozi wathabatha ikrele lakhe, exela ukuba akubanyamezeli ngokusa enjalo kuye nabani na ukuba isifundo, kungekhona khoboka laliza.

1599 wayesuke imbali kunye Essex. Emva koko uElizabhete wayalela ukucinezela owuthandayo kwimvukelo yaqala Ireland Tyrone. Emva kokufumana zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko evela kurhulumente, akazange athobele imiyalelo evela eLondon. Essex ekwenzeni imisebenzi ayiphumelelanga waza wenza isgqibo kubavukeli. Emva koko, nayo leyo eyayichasene-odolo, wabuyela eNgilani. Essex watshintsha ngokuphandle urhulumente ngoku ngoFebruwari 1601. Wazama ukuphakamisa lonke London nxamnye Queen. Essex wamangalelwa ivi a dlayiwa ngoFebruwari 25, 1601.

Ukulwa puritanism

Domestic Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 luphawulwa into yokuba iKumkanikazi abonise naselunyamezelweni nxamnye Puritanism. Yena oqeshwe 1583 uBhishophu Omkhulu waseCanterbury, iqela zazo eziphambili - John Vitgifta. Noko ke, inkcaso akafuni ukuba up. Amanye amalungu abefundisi bagqiba ukuba ku Presbyterianism. kungekudala It wadalwa intshukumo usukelo lwayo ukutshatyalaliswa episcopate. NeePuritans usebenzisa impembelelo kwiNdlu of Commons kunye nezinye zokuxhathisa ezopolitiko. ekugqibeleni waba uElizabhete ukuba bazamazamana House of Commons. De elishumi yokugqibela wobukumkani Queen eli gumbi sympathized phantse kuphela sithi. Xa impixano kunye Elizabeth rhoqo amalungu wajoyina. Kwaye ke, besabelana nalo ngokubona nje kuphela umbandela yokuguqula Church of England, kodwa nakwezinye: zoludwe ngemfuneko umtshato, ukujongana M. Stewart.

Inkcazelo emfutshane wobukumkani Elizabeth

Tudor ebukumkanini Elizabeth 1 wayengomnye maxesha sezona ziquququ kwimbali eNgilani. Ukususela ekuqaleni, amaProtestanti babekholelwa ukuba iKumkanikazi iye igcinwe Providence. Kwakufuneka ukujongana nokukhula nobungozi zangaphakathi nangaphandle, nothando lwabantu layo senyuka, waza wajika waba lehlelo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Basekhaya angaphandle Politika Elizavety Tudor 1 kwaxutyushwa ixesha elide emva kokufa kwakhe. Ke kaloku ngaloo mihla akuthethi aphelise umdla komlawuli. Faka 1 Elizabeth Tudor njenge inani wezopolitiko ukurhana, kungekuphela phakathi mbali kodwa kubantu abaninzi ehlabathini lonke.

ukufa uElizabhete

Koroleva Elizaveta wafa e Richmond Palace, ibekwe ngendlela London namhlanje. Wafa ngoMatshi 24, 1603. Kungenzeka, ngomzuzu wokugqibela Elizabeth igama okanye balatha angene ezihlangwini zakhe. Baba uJames VI, uKumkani of Scotland (Yakobi I of England). Nantso into imithetho emva 1 Elizabeth Tudor.

James I

Iminyaka yobomi bakhe - 1566-1625. Yakov 1 IsiNgesi waba ngowokuqala ukumkani eNgilani, emele Stuart Minor. Weza etroneni Matshi 24, 1603 uYakobi waba umlawuli wokuqala, owayelawula zombini izikumkani ibekwe kwiiBritish Isles, ngexesha elifanayo. Ngenxa kwamandla omnye, i-United Kingdom ngelo xesha akazange yayingekabikho. Scotland ne England baba amazwe azimeleyo, apho likhokelwa lokumkani. Ibali Ulolawula emva 1 Elizabeth Tudor, akukho umdla nesingaphantsi kwalo lilonke ixesha wolawulo Elizabeth. Kodwa elo lelinye ibali.