England The History of Afghanistan

Inguqu kobungxowankulu sikwinqanaba impiriyali yabalasela amalinge ezintsha of England izakhe e Afghanistan. Ekubeni uligatyile nesiphakamiso eRashiya ngowe-1873 ukuya ukuqwalasela Afghanistan i "ummandla cala" phakathi kwezinye izinto Russian e Central Asia ne-Indiya yaseBritani nokusebenza guarantors ze geqe Afghanistan, impiriyali waseBritani kwakhona waqala ukulungiselela imfazwe. Ngo-1878 waqalisa kuhlasela elitsha yaseBritani Afghanistan. Yomxhaso yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye nommandla wayo, eNgilani ngoMeyi 1879 ekugqitywe kuso Emir Yakub sivumelwano semali of gandamak leyo eyabangela kwalento wobhavumo kweli lizwe. Abantu Afghanistan kwakhona wavuka kumzabalazo wenkululeko. Ekulweni edume Maiwand (27 Julayi 1879) kunye kwafa kwe-imikhosi yaseBritani Kandahar, ekulweni for Kabul kunye Ghazni, amaBritane wancipha kakhulu ngo-1880 kwanyanzeleka ukuba baphume amabutho zabo. Kwezi meko, naloo mazwe ayesaya kulawula aseBritani ayiphumelelanga ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo ingqalelo evela Afghanistan onke amanqaku umnqophiso of gandamak. Kumgaqo ekhaya, abalawuli Afghanistan igcinwe ukuzimela, kodwa kuphela Viceroy of British India ndawo ukuze uzilawula Afghanistan.

War ebekelwa abantu eNgilani Afghanistan iindleko ilahleko awoluntu nezinto mkhulu, isingele imikhosi elinemveliso eli lizwe, sabangela umonakalo kakhulu kwezolimo, imisebenzi yobugcisa, urhwebo basekhaya, kwathintela uphuhliso lwentlalo-qoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko kwelizwe liphela.

Kumashumi eminyaka yokugqibela ezimbini kwinkulungwane XIX. Afghanistan lwaqhutywa inkqubo amanyathelo lowo ngenjongo yokuseka iziseko echaza imo oluyintloko lohlobo absolutist. Ijolise ekubetheleleni igunya engundoqo kunye ngaphantsi ogwilikayo Emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) ngokubanzi wayekwenza kunikwe kwakhona indawo Afghanistan emantla kwiindawo Oasis Bal ha, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, haza-iReitz, aimaq abantu, Turkmens, Uzbeks - ezindaweni ongenamanzi; Indawo yokuhlala iphinde Nurystan uyazi. Settlers wafumana ilizwe - simahla okanye amagama kakuhle. Ngenxa yezi yokufuduka zitshintshiwe urhulumente wengingqi izixhobo yolawulo ndawonye ekhokelwa Uemir onyula iirhuluneli zamaphondo, ayesekelwe wadala umkhosi rhoqo, amapolisa kunye gendarmerie. Emir yathatyathwa entlokweni yabo bonke Muslim eli lizwe kunye inkosi mda, nangona eneneni ukujongela impembelelo yabantu basebukhosini kunye nendawo kwizizwe Afghanistan, yena akazange akwazi. Abaninzi kubo kuhlala iingenelo ngokupheleleyo okanye ukuxolelwa ngokuyinxenye irhafu. Inkxaso kwezentlalo kwanakubalawuli ye Emir aba sama yomkhosi kunye karhulumente kunye izinduna, owathi, ilifa ilizwe njengoko kwipropati yabucala kwaye ungabinayo i ngabavukeli wamajoni, kwakufuneka igunya namandla ndawonye kunye nomkhosi rhoqo. Basebenzise abantu irhafu ohlawula Afghanistan and non-Afghanistan, abaninzi ahlawulwa, ziqokelelwe ubukhulu becala uhlobo, iirhafu kunye neerhafu.