Ephakathi Inqaba Vyborg imbali, idilesi, Festival

Zive ukhululekile ukuvala eli phepha ukuba wena awunamdla woxande olude zamaxesha, Nokuvula lock. Vyborg - isixeko emangalisayo kunye isihloko kakhulu ezinomdla kakhulu. Kukho iindawo ezininzi, kuquka inqaba yamandulo. Yiloo nto, sithetha namhlanje.

Kwingingqi iLeningrad le dolophu ofudumeleyo uzibambileyo banentsomi kunye mfihlakalo. Vyborg Castle kungenziwa ngokuba intliziyo sixeko. It ikhona, kususela kwimini eyasekwayo. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya ngokuqinisekileyo ufuna ukutyelela Vyborg.

Museum Castle, ofana nalo mzi ngokwayo, elirhweba umoya kumaXesha Aphakathi. Siza kuthetha ngembali yaso, kwakunye nemeko yangoku Museum kunye nemikhosi zibanjwa apha. Imiba lombutho nayo ibalulekile kwabo wagqiba ukutyelela Vyborg (nqaba). Ivula iiyure imyuziyam, idilesi yayo kunye iinketho njengoko ungafumana kuyo, iza kuqwalaselwa. Le iifoto thaca kweli nqaku liza kukunceda ukungena umoya kumaXesha Aphakathi.

Ukuya emzini

Umbuzo wokuqala oqhubeka abo izicwangciso uhambo, ezi zilandelayo: "Uphi na imboniselo Vyborg (Vyborg), ukuba ukufikelela njani na?" Kukho iinketho ezininzi ngasinye apho thina uchaze ngokwahlukeneyo.

I ukhetho lokuqala ukuya esixekweni atyelele Vyborg Castle, - zityelele. Kulo mzekelo, awufuni ucinge ukucwangcisa indlela indlela. Ibhasi ngosuku olunye-of St. Petersburg zibiza malunga 1300-1500 engange (umhlala, besikolo kunye nabafundi - 1150-1350). Iibhasi rhoqo ashenxe ezitratweni Duma (isikhululo metro "Nevsky Ithemba"). Iihambo ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka ukutyelela loo MonRepos epakini kunye lock, kwakunye uhamba kwisixeko endala.

Ukhetho yesibini - ukuya apha ngemoto. Ukusuka eSt indlela Petersburg uya kuthatha malunga 1.5 iiyure, kodwa kukho ithuba lokuba bangene kwemikrozo yeemoto.

Enye indlela - ibhasi. Ukususela "Parnassus" umasipala ukuba bayaphi kanye kwisiqingatha seyure (inombolo route 850), kunye "Devyatkino" - lixesha iiyure 1.5. Ixesha hambo iiyure ezimbalwa. Le itikiti liya kuhlawula kancinane engange ngaphezulu kwama-200.

Uyakwazi ukusebenzisa zikaloliwe. Interval Uloliwe sokuhamba zabakhweli na umzuzu omaxa mabini, kunye nexabiso itikiti le - malunga 300 engange. Kukho loliwe fast, indlela apho liye lancitshiswa ngeyure ( "Kuginya" yaye "Allegro"). Bonke kumka ukusuka Station Finland.

Unako kwakhona ungaqubhi iphenyane okanye kwezikhephe ngqo enqabeni yomkhosi. Kakade ke, inqanawa yakhe ayikho kwaphela, kodwa waqeshisa ngaso. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo iziphakamiso indleko, route kunye nenani labantu Vyborg St Petersburg.

Indlela eya enqabeni

Makhe sithethe ngendlela ukufumana enqabeni yomkhosi kwi Vyborg ukuya kwisikhululo sikaloliwe / sikaloliwe (ngasendleleni, isikhululo sebhasi okufuphi kuyo, ngoko ke eli Sebe lona efanelekileyo, kwaye abo beza ngebhasi). Okokuqala, kufuneka ufake iLeningrad Avenue (ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe / kaloliwe ukuya ekunene). Yiya ngqo - kwaye uzive iimbono ezintle kweli chibi. Summer ngqo ukusuka ngasemthonjeni wamanzi. Ukuba kancinane ngakumbi, uya kubona kwi indawo enkulu ngasekhohlo. akulula athengisele ezahlukeneyo njengezikhumbuzo (okunene, igama layo uthetha kona - Square Market). Nantsi kwenqaba odumileyo ngeenxa zonke, leyo yenye izakhiwo zindala Vyborg. Nangona kunjalo, asiyi kuhlala apha elide. Inyathelo lokuqala ukutyelela enqabeni yomkhosi.

Kungekudala uya kuqaphela nenqaba yayo ephakamileyo, yaye apho uya kukhokelwa. Qaphela ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba eli ibhulorho yokuqala neyesibini (i Inqaba), ngoko ke, kufuneka ukuba uhambe. Kwathi Uninzi kushada kwi Bridge Fortress, ngoko apha uya kubona ezininzi lock.

Ngoko ke sifumana ekugqibeleni Castle Island, apho sinikezela ihlabathi eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Ukuba musa ukuphazanyiswa nokufotwa kwaye ancome umzi, indlela yi-1.5 km elide kuya kuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-20.

Imbali ye nqaba

Kuyimfuneko ukuba athi kwaoko ukuba Vyborg Castle - kuphela kwilizwe lethu, ilitye lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo le-European kuMbindi Ages, iye yagcinwa ukuze imihla yethu. Imbali yokwakha yayo iqala ngo-1293. Kukholelwa ukuba ngoko wazimisa Vyborg.

Inqaba kwimbali Vyborg

Foundation apho esixekweni yathatha indawo ngexesha Impi Okwesithathu, balwa abaye bahlela ukuba ephethwe ngelixa ilizwe Novgorod Karelian. Ngexesha lolonyulo, Marshal Torkel Knutsson, ke ngoko umlawuli Sweden, wathimba i Karelia Koloni. Kwintsimi okuhlala, waza wayalela ukuba kwakhiwe inqaba eyomeleleyo, leyo unanamhla inebhongo Vyborg. A inqaba medieval eyakhelwe kwisiza, ngaphambili waye Karelian-Novgorod enqatyisiweyo. Marshall ambulala, emva koko balwa baqalisa ukwakha inqaba.

Ukususela ngoko, Torkel Knutsson ingqalelo ngunozala yesixeko Vyborg kunye Vyborg Castle. Akumangalisi kude ukusuka yokugqibela, kwindawo iHolo Old Town, ukuba ilitye lesikhumbuzo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka wathi abanye ababhali-mbali ukuthandabuza nxaxheba lobuqu Marshal kweli phulo, nangona aququzelela hambo ukuya Karelia.

I balwa ndizinyulele le ndawo ukuba inqaba kakuhle kakhulu: entabeni siqithi, zakhiwe eweni. Izizwe kuqinisekisa ukufumaneka ingozi yamanzi, ngoko awunaku kwazi umbe emhadini. Kwiminyaka engama-400 izayo, le nqaba waba igwiba Vyborg balwa kulawula phezu Karelian Isthmus. U yavuma phezu zobuchule kunye nomkhosi Stockholm kuphela yaye belingana kunye Kalmar Castle.

Le etymology kwegama "Vyborg"

Ngokufanayo, akwaziwa malunga etymology igama laloo mzi kunye inqaba. "Vyborg", ngokutsho iinguqulelo ezisisiseko - "inqaba kwi Gulf" okanye "inqaba engcwele". Oko uguqulelo oludlulileyo yeyona ixhaphakileyo, njengoko kwincwadi uKumkani Birger uthe malunga nokwakhiwa kwetempile imbeko kaThixo kunye ungowokubongwa Virgin.

Isigaba sokuqala sokwakha

Kwisigaba sokuqala zolwakhiwo Vyborg Castle yayiquka kwenqaba, nesigubungelo yonke kujikelezo endulini siqithi. Embindini udonga inqaba square omkhulu nezixhobo St. Olav (ingasentla). Waye ogama lakhe behlonipha uOlaf II - enye abangcwele ezininzi iziqu eScandinavia, ukumkani Norwegian, umBhaptizi kunye salowo ubuhedeni. Le nqaba kwakungekho ndlela enxulumene ezindongeni inqaba. Yaba yomthombo, emi yedwa embindini. Phela, lo emhadini ngelo xesha elo liphezulu lonke yaseScandinavia. Xa wangaphantsi kwinqaba St. uOlaf waqhubeka izinto abathinjwa kwaye igcinwe, kwaye kumgangatho wesibini ezi emagumbini irhuluneli neqembu yakhe. Kulapha ke ukumkani Swedish ngexesha etyelele esixekweni wahlala.

ngabembi lubonise ukuba Ebubanzini iindonga kwinqaba St. uOlaf obeziimitha ezili-4 kunye inqaba Vyborg - 1.5-2 eemitha. Kwakuxhomekeke gallery yeplanga wabaleka ecaleni kujikelezo kodonga inqaba (ekuthiwa ukulwa move okanye Ajikeleza umendo). Phezu kwentaba ye-siqithi, ikhuselwe ezi ndonga, uMbumbi wokuqala awayakhayo Vyborg. abemi abaninzi beso sixeko Yakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye Inqaba siqithi akwanelanga. Vyborg wawela ukuze azise i-Cape, ibekwe esikunxweme lwempuma lerinene.

Iinzame ukuba abuyele emzini

Novgorod wazama ukuba zifake le nqaba nokukhangeleka umhlaba elahlekileyo ngo-1294 no 1322, kodwa ezi nzame aziphumelelanga, nangona kwi-m 1322 ukuhlasela lwaqhutywa yi obuqhubekayo (kumatshini kamnemetnye esetyenzisiweyo). Umda phakathi Sweden kunye nomhlaba Novgorod kwi Orekhovskaya ihlabathi, ekwagqitywa ngayo ngo-1323, kwaqhutywa yi uDade River. Kingdom of Sweden wafumana inxalenye esentshona Karelian Isthmus.

Inqaba phantsi Karl Knutsson kunye nabalandeli bakhe

Kwizizathu enqabeni kwinkulungwane ye-15 (xa uKarl Knutsson obephethe) baba ubude yokwakha yokuhlala imigangatho eziliqela. Bagcina ne swing layeka amanqugwala kwicala ejongene Umzi kwebhulorho. Malunga ngexesha elifanayo nenqaba lakhiwa izihlangu. Ebudeni bolawulo Karl Knutsson Castle wafumana ubungangamsha ekhethekileyo kunye ngobuhle. zokuhlala ezintsha, ezihlaziyiweyo amagumbi karhulumente malunga neebhola kwaye kwimibhiyozo, knightly iiholo, salungiswa kumgangatho wesithathu kwesakhiwo, ngaphambili kwakuthetha kuphela ukuziphendulela kwakhiwa.

Kweli ukwakhiwa ayikagqitywa ke. Emva Karl Knutsson washiya enqabeni, umsebenzi waqhubeka esebenzisa ezihlangwini zakhe - UEric Tott kunye Sten Sture. Ngelo xesha, enqabeni wahlala esihlalweni okusisabelo somlawuli, kwakunye neziko yolawulo ubomi yezopolitiko Vyborg. Xa mpuma iparadesi inqaba yayakhiwe - nenqaba yokuqala zingajikelezi enqabeni (ingasentla). It iintshayi kwabonakala izitovu magumbi. Iindonga kwinqaba St. uOlaf ngaphakathi iinkuni elibele kunye enqabeni yomkhosi kwintendelezo ephezulu iye ezenziwe ngezitena kunye ngamatye.

Igalelo noErika Totta

EyiNtloko inqaba phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-15 yaba UEric Totti, kwaye ke umgangatho-4 wesakhiwo engundoqo sajikwa yaba yokuhlala. Kwabakho emgangathweni yesihlanu, eyenzelwe nezokhuselo. Tott ngexesha kuvuselelwa enqabeni babesebenzisa isithethe izakhiwo ukuzithethelela yamkelwa e Northern Europe. Phambi kokuba imililo rhoqo okonakalisa ubungangamsha enqabeni yomkhosi, isakhiwo sayo kunye ukubonakala ezibe ngesimbo ekuqaleni Renaissance. Tott burhanqwe nodonga lwamatye Vyborg ezinde (kwi-siqithi, nto ibekwe phambi kwe enqabeni). Ngoko ke, Vyborg Castle ngcembe wathabatha indawo ngasemva inqaba. Town Hall Tower, yaye kamva ngeenxa zonke na iindawana kuphela wayo, alondolozwa ukuze imihla yethu.

"Vyborg Thunder"

Vyborg ngoSeptemba 1495 kothusa isiganeko, esi sehlayo waya embalini tanihi "Vyborg Thunder". imfazwe Russian-Swedish waqala nje kulo nyaka, kunye Ivan Iii wagqiba ukuthumela amajoni ukuba ahlasele i Vyborg Castle. Kuba ngqa guns ezinkulu-ukuvuleka zasetyenziselwa kutshatyalaliswe iindonga. ezinde ezimbini ziwile, abakwazi ukumelana uhlaselo, yaye omnye kwenziwa ikhefu. I balwa ekhokelwa umphathi UKnut Posse wasinda, nasekuxinweni, nangona ukusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe Russian zakutshanje kunye noludumileyo lwabo lwamanani. Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, umthetheli wayalela amadoda akhe ukuba kubasa umlilo umxube umgubo (mhlawumbi emilambo yentlaka), yaye emva koko ukujongela ezinye ezinde nqaba. Umsi kunye zavaleka iindlebe kwakhokelela nabangqingi lihlazo, yaye lweMedia.

Le singqingiwe njalo ke isixeko eso kwasuswa, babelapho kungekudala inyathelo yomkhosi lunqunyanyisiwe. Kwaye malunga "Vyborg dubulo" waqalisa ukuhamba legend. UKnut Posse wada kuvunyiweyo amandla omlingo. Ngokomzekelo, kwakuthethelelwa ukuba zokungqinga ke wapheka "umxube wesihogo" kwi kwibhoyila enkulu. Kwakhona kukho inguqulelo xa imikhosi Swedish babesele yokufaka phantsi iingalo zakhe, ngesiquphe Saltire wabonakala esibhakabhakeni. Russian kwi phambi kwakhe esoyika basaba. Enye inguqulelo fantastic na ukuba esi sixeko Laye ke lingumqolomba, "Smellie", nto leyo esenza ibharhule na eyoyikekayo ekusondeleni yotshaba.

Kuyaqhubeka ukwakhiwa

inqaba Main ngo-1564 yaba bali-anesixhenxe (ngaphambili kwakukho kuphela inxalenye esezantsi isikwere). Nakumphezulu ngoku imilo libe kunye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo kunaso wayaphula ezindongeni. Ngenxa eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo kunokubangela badubula setyhula. Qaphela ukuba i wamatye le ezigcina ngeli xesha kuqala kusetyenziswa izitena.

Ngokutsho Stolbovo waqukumbela ngo 1617, i zorhwebo umda Swedish kakhulu phambili nzulu emazweni Novgorod. Umda kunye nokubaluleka yamajoni isixeko Vyborg wawa, ngoko enqabeni yayisetyenziswa njengendawo entolongweni. Ummandla ke umzi, kwada ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba balwa. Ngeli xesha, amandla yokutshixa, yaye yagqitywa.

Vyborg emva kokuba kuthinjwe isixeko Peter I

Peter I emva nasekuxinweni elide kunye bombardment wathabatha Vyborg Juni 3, 1710, kodwa ke balwa baba Musa ukungxama ukuba bemke kweso sixeko. Swedish sasikhona Vyborg de ngenkulungwane ye-19.

nqaba City kunye Vyborg emva kokuba kuthinjwe amajoni Russian yatshabalala. imeko yabo yayimbi. Kuphela emva koko zisayinwe ngo-1721 iSivumelwano Nystad, ekugqibeleni lifumene kumda Vyborg waqala ukwakha ngokonwaba. Le nqaba waqala ukuqhuba umsebenzi wokubuyisela omkhulu. Kodwa kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18, waxwilwa phakathi Annenkrone namandla nombala iinqaba irobust ezongeziweyo, ngoko baphulukana owayesakuba intsingiselo yalo emkhosini. Le nqaba yasetyenziswa ngendlu ekampini Russian.

Imbali elandelayo isixeko nayo iye yaba nzima. Waya ke eFinland ngowe-1918, nangona kunjalo, ngexesha Russian-Finnish War (1939-1940.) Kwathatha amajoni Soviet. Kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa, ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, elisandul kudlule Vyborg Finland.

Emva koko, ngo-1944, it kuqala USSR uze Russia. Okwangoku, esi siqithi kunye inqaba iNtetho Museum "Vyborg Castle". Ibisekelwe July 13, 1960 Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwafuneka ajamelane nobunzima abasebenzi imyuziyam. Isibakala sokuba le nqaba kubekwe esesiphelweni engxondorheni waqala ehle. Esinye isizathu sokuba le - ifuthe wenyikima, kunye nezinye - yezothutho enzima. Okwangoku, ingxaki ilungisiwe.

Ngoku xelela ukuba bunokubonwa enqabeni izinto ezinomdla.

Tower of St. uOlaf

Abakhenkethi ukufumana eninzi iimvakalelo ukusuka kokonyuka inqaba. Ukuze benyuka, kufuneka boyise amanyathelo 239 ngezinyuko ngokwanelisayo exandekeni. Oku kufuna ukulungiselela ethile emzimbeni, kodwa umvuzo ayisayi kuthatha ixesha elide, ngoko uye phambili! Ukuya phezulu, ungabona izimvo ezivela iifestile. wena mntanam uya kufumana umbono omangalisayo encamini kunye nesixeko.

Uyakwazi ukusebenza ngeenxa zonke nqaba kuvela macalana onke. Uya kubona umzi ngezakhiwo umdla, kuvamile ukuba iRussia. Uphahla Multi-onemibala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kudala kwabhalwa Vyborg. Unokubona evela apha, kunye yoTshintsho Cathedral kunye Clock Tower, kunye nezinye neempawu.

Museum "Vyborg Castle"

Emva kokutyelela lomboniso myuziyam, uya lokumba kwimbali umphakathi zomkhosi kummandla, kubomi abemi, kwakunye ufunde okungakumbi malunga nokwakhiwa nqaba. nawe Apha uza kufumana i uqokelelo amasiko eyohluthiweyo, njengoko isixeko ixesha elide yaba indawo umda. Uhlobo Karelian Isthmus, apho Vyborg, wazinikela umboniso eyahlukileyo. Iingqokelela kakhulu exabisekileyo Museum - imizobo kunye sculpture of V. Kozlova kunye L. A. Ditriha, izitya zomdongwe kunye nengqokelela Minti.

imiboniso lwethutyana kunye nemibhiyozo

Apha akukho imiboniso kuphela isigxina - abantu kwimiboniso okwethutyana nazo zithathelwa. Ngokomzekelo, ngenye imini kwi lolondolozo lwembali abaqalise igumbi sentuthumbo. Kakade ke, banjani siba, kodwa lo mboniso yaba yimpumelelo enkulu phakathi kubakhenkethi.

Amaninzi kule okukhokelwayo enqabeni ukhenketho kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, ethandwa kakhulu imbali zomkhosi umthendeleko yonyaka esifaka jousting. Enqabeni ngomoya aphakathi kule mini ngokukhethekileyo waziva, ngokunjalo kuwo umzi. Ngaphandle amadabi knightly, imithendeleko uyakwazi ukuphulaphula umculo zamaxesha, ukuze ubone imifanekiso nobomi babantu belo xesha, kwakunye inxaxheba kwiindibano kwaye bafunde ezinye zorhwebo. Kwakhona unika ithuba lokuziqhelanisa ukutola sityelele umthendeleko ephakathi.

A lot of abakhenkethi zithontelane kwimithendeleko Vyborg. "Castle Knight kaThixo," umzekelo, ubanjwa minyaka le. Hi ndlela leyi, oko kwenzeka kutshanje kakhulu, ngoJulayi 30-31, kwaye sele 21 emgceni. Iindwendwe elinde amadabi ezinkulu bambethe ilinen amajoni isikrweqe ngeenyawo, esingise kwaye wamkhwelisa lemidlalo jousting. Nje ngenxa yale ungatyelela Vyborg. Tournament "Castle Knight kaThixo" eqokelele ezininzi iindwendwe. Baye ukonwatyiswa ngasemva ngababethi bohadi zamaxesha, kwaye emva kokuba iimfazwe kartel kunye oosisi babo bafundiswa zonke ukubenza imidaniso ephakathi.

Ebusuku, kubakhenkethi isigqibo ukutyelela umthendeleko "Castle Knight kaThixo" (Vyborg) Umlilo walinda ukumelwa kunye Dragon kunye kwiNkundla Kwamacala kunye nokubulawa. Kuyasa abantwana bakaThixo amadabi, ezolonwabo nemidlalo, kwakunye ukhuphiswano ngenxa nxaxheba kunye ababukeli. Iintendelezo nokungakhethi unokwakhela nazo lizakundwendwelwa, wafika emthendelekweni "Castle Knight kaThixo". Vyborg, abatyeleli bathi, ekupheleni ngoJulayi, ngokungathi wafudukela elidlulileyo. Emoyeni zigcinwe oonobumba aphakathi (Russian Knights kunye kartel yaseYurophu), ngubani na oyifakileyo kuloo mmandla womthendeleko kweminquba yeembovane.

Ngexesha lo mbhiyozo eliphilayo kakhulu Vyborg. "Knight kaThixo Inqaba" - omnye iziganeko umdla esixekweni.

iiyure okuvula idilesi somyuziyam

Anomdla Vyborg kunye enqabeni yawo yamandulo? Ndwendwela nangaliphi na ixesha enyakeni. Kodwa kuphela ngexesha leeyure ezithile ithatha abatyeleli Vyborg Castle. indlela yayo yokusebenza - ukususela 11:00 ukuya 19:00 ngazo zonke iintsuku zeveki ngaphandle ngoLwesihlanu. NgoLwesihlanu, oko uyawavala ekuqaleni - ngeeyure-18.

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi apho ungakwazi ukutyelela imboniselo Vyborg. I imo yokusebenza ikuvumela uceba uhambo ngalo naluphi na usuku lweveki. Abaninzi kuni mhlawumbi ufuna ukwazi idilesi yakhe. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, amnike, ke, mhlawumbi, uya ngokulula ufumane imboniselo kwi Vyborg. Idilesi ilula: Castle Island, 1.

Ingaba kulungile ukuba batyelele le ndawo? Ngokuqinisekileyo, le myuziyam umdla nje kuphela, kodwa isixeko Vyborg. Le nqaba, nto leyo kwakhona kakhulu HIV, ingakumbi abathandi zamaXesha Aphakathi.