Esasihamba IsiNgesi kunye discoverer Dzheyms Kuk. Biography, imbali yokuhamba

Dzheyms Kuk ngomnye ziintlolazwe kakhulu kwinkulungwane XVIII. Le ndoda yasikhuphayo lonke uhambo ihlabathi ezintathu, wafumanisa ezininzi kumazwe amatsha kunye iziqithi, i umatiloshe onamava, umhloli kunye cartographer - kodwa ngubani na Dzheyms Kuk. Ngokufutshane malunga ngohambo lwakhe, funda eli nqaku.

Esakhula

Umkhenkethi elizayo wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 27, 1728 kwidolophana Marton (England). Uyise waba ngumlimi esisityebi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwidolophana Great Ayton, apho Dzheyms Kuk Wabufunda esikolweni yasekuhlaleni. Kuba le ntsapho yayingamahlwempu, abazali kaYakobi kwanyanzeleka ukuba umthume ngumfundi oqeshiweyo unovenkile owayehlala kwidolophu encinane lolwandle Steytese.

Njengoko nenkwenkwe eneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, Dzheyms Kuk, ogama engobomi ubalisa ngaye njengomntu zizinikeleyo self-eyabangela, washiya umsebenzi wakhe venkile waza waqesha eseyinkwenkwana kwindlu phezu ilahle enqanaweni. Ngoko ke waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe nomatiloshe. Inqanawa awayehamba ngayo waya elwandle kwiminyaka yokuqala embalwa, ikakhulu eyayihamba phakathi London kunye IsiNgesi isixeko Newcastle. Kwakhona ixesha kutyelela Ireland, Norway noLwandle eBaltic, yaye phantse lonke ixesha lakhe free sizinikele-imfundo self, abanomdla zenzululwazi ezifana nezibalo, inqanawa, ngeenkwenkwezi kunye nokwakheka kwaso. Dzheyms Kuk, banyusa isikhundla esiphezulu kwelinye iinqanawa inkampani le, bakhetha ukuba bafake izicelo seaman eziqhelekileyo Naval Fleet UK. Kamva wathabatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo, yaye emva waphelela ukuba abe cartographer onamava topographer.

Uhambo lokuqala ehlabathini jikelele

Ngo-1766 i-British Admiralty wagqiba ukuthumela kwi Pacific Ocean hambo lwezenzululwazi, injongo egama kuyajongwa ezahlukeneyo imizimba yasezulwini, kwakunye ezinye izibalo. Ukongeza, kufuneka sihlolisise unxweme of New Zealand, Tasman intloko zisavuliwe ngo-1642 wamiselwa yeNavigeyishini Dzheyms Kuk. ngobomi bakhe, ke, ziqulethe uhambo ngaphezu kwesinye, apho wadlala indima ekhokelayo.

Dzheyms Kuk ngesikhephe ukusuka Plymouth ngo-Agasti 1768 mkhankaso inqanawa wawela Atlantic, yena weza Umzantsi Melika waza waya Pacific Ocean. umsebenzi Astronomical kwenziwa kwisiqithi Tahiti, Juni 3, 1769, emva koko Cook sele ithunyelwe baneenqanawa kwicala emazantsi-ntshona, yaye emva kweenyanga ezine emva koko ifikelele kunxweme New Zealand leyo ngocoselelo uphando phambi kokuba iqhubheka uhambo. Okulandelayo, yena ukusingisa Australia kwaye ufumanise ukuba Torres Strait, ngelo xesha andazekanga baseYurophu, weza nayo bevela entla, no-Oktobha 11, 1970 inqanawa eBatavia. E Indonesia, hambo ubunzima nezifo seengcongconi segazi, kuzo iplaza enye kwisithathu weqela wafa. Ukusuka apho, Cook sasinga ngasentshona ngaphesheya Indian Ocean, elirhangqiweyo Afrika kunye July 12, 1771 wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe.

Uhambo yesibini ehlabathini jikelele

Xa ekwindla ka nyaka mnye British Admiralty kwakhona bambiza ukuqubha rhoqo. Eli xesha injongo yakhe kukuba ukufunda iindawo unexplored ngaphezulu Southern saseNtla kunye ukhangelo kwilizwekazi wasezantsi abekwa. Lo msebenzi waphathiswa uJames Cook.

imikhombe emibini hambo inqanawa ngaphandle Plymouth Julayi 13, 1772 no-Oktobha 30, safika Kapshtadte (ngoku Kapa), ibekwe kumazantsi eAfrika. Emva kokuhlala apho ngaphantsi kancinane ngaphezu kwenyanga, Cook waqhubeka ngesikhephe kwicala lasemzantsi. Phakathi kuDisemba, ooPawulos wabalekela ice eqinileyo, sinamafu umkhondo iinqanawa, kodwa Cook akazange kuyinika phezulu. Antarctic Circle, ewela kaJanuwari 17, 1773, kodwa kungekudala kwanyanzeleka ukuba iinqanawa ngasentla. Kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zizayo, wayetyelela iziqithi ezininzi iOceania kunye wePasifiki, waza wenza esinye iinzame ukuba atyhudise, abheke kwelasezantsi. January 30, 1774 hambo ikwazile ukufikelela kwindawo yomzantsi uhambo lwakhe. Ukupheka ngoko kwakhona waya emantla, watyelela iziqithi ezininzi. Dzheyms Kuk, ogama biography lizele nemi- kwafika eli xesha liphela kwisiqithi entsha. Emva kokugqiba izifundo kule ngingqi, wemka ngomkhombe waya ngasempuma kwaye zisangena ngo December ukuya Tierra del Fuego. Hambo wabuyela eNgilani Julayi 13, 1775

Ekugqityweni kwale hambo, nto leyo yenza Cook edume kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu, wafumana inkxaso entsha, yaye naye waba lilungu Society Royal Geographical, nayo leyo yanikezelwa kuye imbasa yegolide.

Uhambo lwesithathu ehlabathini jikelele

Injongo yohambo elandelayo baqalisa ukufuna ukuba kumntla-ntshona ukusuka Atlantic ukuya Pacific Ocean. uhambo James Cook aqalisa e Plymouth, ukususela ngoJulayi 12, 1776 phantsi kolwalathiso ngohambo lwakhe sasekhohlo iinqanawa ezimbini. Abahloli bafika Kapshtadt, yaye ukusuka apho ukuya kumzantsi-mpuma kunye ekupheleni kuka-1777 batyelela Tasmania, New Zealand kunye nakwezinye iindawo. Phakathi kuDisemba wonyaka olandelayo, hambo batyelela Islands zeHawaii, koko waqhubeka ukulandela ngasentla, apho Cook wathumela iinqanawa kunye emideni Canada kunye Alaska, wawuwela Arctic Circle , yaye kungekudala, ekugqibeleni wanamathela iqhwa eziqinileyo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele kwelasezantsi.

NgoJanuwari 1779 Cook afike kule zeHawaii Islands , waza wahlala apho ixeshana. Februwari 14 phakathi oomatiloshe kunye inzalelwane isiqithi Hawaii kwabakho ungquzulwano apho oomatiloshe eziliqela, kuquka uCaptain Dzheyms Kuk wabulawa.

isiphelo

Ilifa Cook - iidayari bakhe, equlethe okuninzi data ngenkcazo kuzo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo iprintwe ngeelwimi ezininzi. Ezi rekhodi namhlanje umdla abaphandi. Dzheyms Kuk, ogama engobomi ligcwele imifanekiso emihle, igqalwa omnye vulindlela ezigqamileyo kunye greats ezifana Hristofor Kolumb kunye Amerigo Vespucci.