Eudemonism - yintoni na le nto? izibonelo eudemonism

"Eudemonism" - ingqiqo yexabiso zigazi ngokoqobo liguqulelwe ngokusuka kwisiGrike njenge "ulonwabo", "ulonwabo" okanye "ukuchuma". Le ndlela yokuziphatha yaba abalandeli ezona zininzi kumaxesha amandulo. Makhe siqwalasele ukuba yintoni na eudemonism, imizekelo nezimvo ngamnye zobulumko.

Nam ndingathanda ukutsalela ingqalelo inani loqheliso efanayo. Ngokukodwa, ukuze ufumanise ukuba utilitarianism hedonism eudemonism ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni eudemonism

Eudemonism - le ulwalathiso yokuziphatha, apho kusithiwa ukuzonwabisa kunye nemvisiswano kunye nokusingqongileyo uthathwa ukuba njongo iphambili ebomini bomntu. mibono lo mgaqo uphambili elungileyo zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike. Eyona yokuqala ngale ndlela kuba esikolweni kaSocrates, amalungu alo ingqalelo inkululeko kunye nokuzimela impumelelo ephakamileyo abantu.

Eudemonism-bulumko yamandulo yamaGrike

kusithiwa ukuzonwabisa baphathwa ngokwahlukileyo iingcamango yezikhulu iinkcuba zamandulo zamaGrike. Ngokomzekelo, omnye bokholo ngemfundiso - Aristotle - wayekholelwa ukuba ingqiqo lokwaneliseka ukuba afezekiswa kuphela xa ukufuna isidima. Ngokutsho sobulumko, loo mntu kufuneka ubonise ubulumko, nto leyo ke aph 'evela kwilizwe Eyokuqiqa.

Kwelinye icala, uEpicurus kunye Democritus ingqalelo ulonwabo njengento ukuzola ngokomoya ngaphakathi. Kubo, zonke izinto sele indawo esekugqibeleni udanile. Ukuqhama ezi zobulumko bakholwa yintlekele. Sami iinkcuba ubomi bakhe ukufumana ulwaneliseko kweli ukutya elula, iimpahla nabalulamileyo, izindlu eziqhelekileyo, akanayo nathanda obutofotofo.

Owaseka iqela labaGxeki-bulumko - nguAntisthenes - zange wayesazi imfuno umnqweno uluntu ulonwabo. Noko ke, akazange ukunxulumana imfundiso yakhe imfuneko ukufumana ulonwabo ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Oku, ngokutsho kwakhe, eyenza umntu ixhomekeke eziliqela iimeko zangaphandle.

Ukugxekwa imfundiso bulumko

The main Ifilosofi umhlalutyi eudemonism ngu Immanuel Kant. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukugcinwa yokuziphatha eluntwini akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu baya kufuna kuphela ulwaneliseko engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ngokuba lo bulumko, isizathu engundoqo isidima wakhuthaza ukuphunyezwa ityala layo kuluntu.

Njengoko kubonakaliswe kukanye amaxesha eudemonism

Kule mihla intanda eudemonism umkhondo kwi imibhalo ye-French materialists. Ngokukodwa, ethandwayo ulonwabele iimfundiso ngentsulungeko Feuerbach, owathi ukuba ngethamsanqa badla yebo izidalwa ezininzi abangekaphuhli abo bonke ubomi babo bekhangela iimeko ezingcono zempilo. Noko ke, ngokutsho sobulumko, umntu enganeliswa ngokupheleleyo, akukho ulonwabo yabanye, ingakumbi abo sibathandayo. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yezizathu zokuzingca, umntu kufuneka anyamekele omthandayo ukufumana kubo yokusabela efanayo. Ithiyori evdemonisticheskoy Feuerbach ukuziphatha umbingelelo nekhokelela othandwayo a yi lwisani ni injabulo.

In mihla mibono eudemonism - zako umqondo enzima. Namhlanje bulumko ukuchaza ulonwabo nje uvavanyo ezakhayo ebomini umntu ngokwakhe. Ngelo xesha apho kuhlala unkwantyo, umzabalazo ixesha zangaphakathi kunye naye, nokubandezeleka kwenzeka okoko ubomi kungakhathaliseki ukuziphatha kwabantu.

Eudemonism in Buddhism

Ngu evdemonisticheskomu imfundiso bulumko Mpuma ukuba ngokukhuselekileyo kubangelwa ubuBhuda. Ngapha koko, le postulate iphambili le nkolelo umnqweno ukuphelisa konke ukubandezeleka, ngamanye amazwi - impumelelo ekuthiwa-Nirvana. Ngokusekelwe amazwi UDalai Lama XIV, ngethamsanqa badla bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangoobani na - AmaBhuda, amaKristu, amaSilamsi okanye kubukho. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho AmaBhuda, kwicala engundoqo isindululo ebomini bethu kukuzuza noxolo lwengqondo nolwaneliseko engqondweni.

Le eudemonism yehlukile hedonism

Iqwalasela abafundisa ubomi hedonic ezingundoqo ekuphumezeni bathanda okulungileyo. Njengoko kubonakala, hedonism eudemonism ezi mbono kunye nenjongo efanayo.

Xa engcanjini sokufaka Ethics yaba sobulumko yamaGrike edumileyo Aristippus. Wayekholelwa ukuba kukho ezimbini kakhulu kwaye ekuchaseni imo yomphefumlo womntu: soft - kumnandi kwaye erhabaxa - iintlungu. Ngokusekelwe ingcamango Aristippus bendlela, indlela eya ulonwabo kukufikelela ulwaneliseko uphephe ukubandezeleka.

Kweli xesha aphakathi ukuya hedonism wakhangela ngandlel ezahlukeneyo. iinkcuba Europe Western ingqalelo izazinzulu kwisakhelo unqulo. Zobulumko elo xesha wabona lucamagusho ngenxa iinzuzo zobuqu naphantsi ephakamileyo ukuthanda kukaThixo.

utilitarianism

Hi kwihi nezinye izinto ezifana eudemonism utilitarianism? Njengenxalenye ulonwabo ngevangeli, ibonwa ukuzisa iinzuzo kuluntu. Eyona engundoqo iinkolelo neemfundiso thaca kwi ezinde zeentanda-bulumko Jeremy Bentham. Yaba lesi sazi into yokuba umbhekisi phambili iziseko theory ngevangeli.

Ngokutsho amagama ayo, eudemonism - ukunqwenela ukuba yokuziphatha yokuziphatha, onako ukuzisa inzuzo enkulu inani eliphezulu labantu. Noko ke, ingxaki ungasombululekanga apha yaba ubukho ukuphikisana phakathi komdla jikelele kunye nawabucala. Ukuze kulungiswe le impixano, wonke yasekwa phakathi ngevangeli ngobhalo egoism efanele. Ngokusekelwe yokugqibela, umntu kufuneka anelise iimfuno zabantu nengqiqo ngokunxulumene kuzuze uluntu. Kulo mzekelo, iimfuno ngamnye uya kuhlanganiswa kunye nezo zabanye.

Ekuphetheni

Njengoko kubonakala, eudemonism-bulumko - le ulwalathiso ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezingundoqo yokuziphatha kunye njongo ephambili zokuziphatha kwabantu ukusukela okulungileyo buqu kunye nolonwabo kwabathandekayo.

Kukho kwakhona iimfundiso eziliqela ezifanayo ngokweenqobo, ngokukodwa, hedonism kunye utilitarianism. Abameli theory yaso, ngaphakathi eudemonism, ulonwabo ezichongiweyo kunye nolonwabo. Utilitarians ayekholelwa ukuba ukuphumeza ulwaneliseko yokuziphatha akunakwenzeka ngaphandle iimpawu zabantu. Naye, ngokweemfundiso dha unoyolo yena nako kuqwalaselwa kuphela ikwazile ukufikelela imeko zangaphakathi nangaphandle nokuzola.

Namhlanje eudemonism - le yenye iziseko ekuthiwa- psychology positive. Kuyamangalisa ukuba lo mmandla una yimbali iimfundiso ezininzi yezikhulu abacinga zamandulo zamaGrike, kunye amalungiselelo ayo ahlale ezifanelekileyo kule mihla.