Farm: kukulungele?

utshintsho Socio-kwezoqoqosho ON kwakhokelela nokuguqulwa kwezolimo kwi XV kade - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVI. It kubanjwe "utshintsho filamentous" phantsi umyalelo eyathatha II Augustus, Grand INkosana Lithuania kunye nokumkani Polish. Inani labemi kwiindawo ezisezidolophini liye landa ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye, ngaloo ndlela ukukhula kwemfuno iimveliso zezolimo. Ngelo xesha nye zandisa ixabiso kunye nokuselwa isonka eNtshona Yurophu.

Iinkosi wobukhosi wafumana lemali ukulungiselela sonikezelo yengqolowa aphesheya. Ukuze kwandiswe imveliso kwi kumazwe abo, izinduna wanika umhlaba abalimi, wabiza eli lizwe "efama". Oku kwenziwa ukuze kube lula izinduna. Konke kuye ilinywa ifama, kamva wathengisa phesheya okanye abahlali.

Intsingiselo yegama elithi kwisichazi magama

Farm-umnotho waqala ukuvela ngenkulungwane XV. Abalimi ithuba lokuba ukusebenza kula mazwe kunye nokunika kubafaneleyo serfdom, lokuhlwayela efama. Intsingiselo yegama elithi inokufumaneka kwizichazi zembali noncwadi, kodwa ankrelekrele ilungelo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.

• Farm - balima mhlaba, a Manor encinane (kumazwe Poland, Western Ukraine, Belarus naseLithuania.). Ingcaciso ethathwe ukusuka 'Dictionary of Amagama Amazwe ".
• Xa dictionary Ushakova "efama" - a ilifa ilizwe elincinane.

• Xa "Wikipedia" kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuze ufumane inkcazelo. Farm (folwark Polish ukusuka lwaso kuyo Vorwerk ..) - Manor, Manor, ukuhlala eqhiwukileyo, ebe ikhokelwe ngumnini mnye, uqoqosho wesakhiwo.

Provenance

Ngowe-1557 yayamkela uxwebhu odumileyo - i "Charter kwi zibhubha", leyo ijonge ukuba angene imali zobuncwane ngakumbi kwezolimo. Kolu xwebhu, basefama - luhlobo kwezolimo, apho amafama waqhelisela emkhosini. Oku kwaphawula ukuqala lotshintsho kwishishini lezolimo uKumkanikazi Bona Sforza. Waqala ukutshintsha ishishini in Pinsk kunye Kobrin intlanganiso yamadoda amakhulu. Kule mimandla, yonke into kwinqanaba eliphezulu, yahlulelana ilizwe libe Manor kwezinye iindawo ezininzi, ngaphandle ngasempumalanga Belarus.

Labalimi

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ifama - yiyo ilifa izinduna. Nabalimi belizwe abazange na iinkosi belizwe, baya kuthathwa kuphela ukuvunwa. Kodwa ke iingangamsha kunye ababawa ziye zinikwe ilungelo ngokomthetho lokusebenzisa umhlaba. Nabalimi ukuba ukufumana umhlaba, kwakudingeka ukuba iqubude zizidwangube, uze emva koko phantse sonke isivuno, ukuba wobanika lona. Irhafu baba nabalimi kunye zokungqinga. TAX babeqhelisela serfdom nje, kwaye nasekuxinweni imali irhafu imali.