GEF - yintoni na? Izidingo Standard Educational

Mhlawumbi wonke umntu ufuna ukunika abantwana babo imfundo esemgangathweni. Kodwa njani ukuqinisekisa inqanaba loqeqesho ukuba awunayo yakwenza pedagogy? Kakade ke, ngoncedo lwe GEF.

Yintoni GEF

Kuba nganye kwinkqubo yemfundo kunye namaziko emfundo yamkele uluhlu iimfuno esisinyanzelo ejoliswe kwinkcazelo kwinqanaba ngalinye ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, ngumpheki. Ezi mfuno zidibene njengenxalenye imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente federal (GEF), nto leyo ivunyiwe ngabasemagunyeni amandla okulawula umgaqo-nkqubo wemfundo.

ngeke ibe ngaphantsi kwe kuchaziweyo kuMthetho GEF Ukusetyenziswa kunye neziphumo iinkqubo zophuhliso kwizikolo zikarhulumente.

Ukongezelela, imfundo Russian kubonisa ukuba ngaphandle uphuhliso lwemigangatho awukho amaxwebhu karhulumente. GEF - luhlobo babangenagama, apho umfundi unethuba ukuya ukusuka komnye umgangatho wemfundo ukuya kwenye, efana ezitepsini.

imigomo

imigangatho yemfundo karhulumente Federal zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwisithuba yemfundo Russia; ekuqhubekekeni iinkqubo eziphambili pre-school, zaseprayimari, aphakamileyo, yezandla kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo.

Ukongeza, i-GEF inoxanduva imiba yophuhliso ngokomoya yaye yokuziphatha nemfundo.

Iimfuno standard zemfundo zibandakanya nemihla engqongqo yemfundo jikelele kunye noqeqesho lomsebenzi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke iintlobo zemfundo kunye nobuchwepheshe emfundo.

Isiseko kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zemfundo kukhombisa; kusasele iinkqubo, izifundo, iincwadi nezinto reference; imigangatho yonikezelo zemali imisebenzi yemfundo-arhente ezikhethekileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe inkqubo yemfundo i GEF.

Yintoni umgangatho wemfundo karhulumente? Okokuqala, oko imigaqo lombutho inkqubo yemfundo kumaziko (eziguqulweyo, izikolo, iikholeji, iiyunivesithi, njalo njalo). Ngaphandle GEF akwenzeki lokulawula ngokugcinwa mthetho Russian kwinkalo yemfundo, ngokunjalo ukwenza isiqinisekiso yokugqibela kunye neziphakathi kwabafundi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba enye yeenjongo kukuba GEF yangaphakathi esweni umgangatho wemfundo. Nentlangano lwemisebenzi eya kwimilinganiselo leengcaphephe methodological, kwakunye iziqinisekiso ootitshala kunye nabanye abasebenzi amaziko emfundo.

Uqeqesho, ngokutsha kunye noqeqesho oluphezulu lwabasebenzi yemfundo nazo kwicandelo eziphembelela imigangatho karhulumente.

Isakhiwo kunye nozalisekiso

umthetho Federal yagqiba ukuba umgangatho ngamnye kufuneka nakanjani iquka iintlobo ezintathu iimfuno.

Okokuqala, iimfuno ubume inkqubo yezemfundo (ratio yeenxalenye inkqubo eziphambili kunye isabelo sabo ndibopha umthamo ratio nokuba inxalenye esenzelwa nxaxheba zenkqubo lemfundo).

Okwesibini, iimeko ukuqonda nazo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno engqongqo (kuqukwa abantu, zemali, zobugcisa).

Okwesithathu, isiphumo. Le program lonke zemfundo kufuneka kubumba iinkcazo abafundi '(kubandakanywa professional) nobuchule. Umsebenzi we GEF kujongwe ukuba ukuqeqesha ukusebenzisa zonke izakhono nolwazi ukuba lisebenze ngempumelelo kunye nesiseko sayo.

Kakade ke, lo mgangatho ayikho siseko onke amaziko emfundo. Oku kuphela sisiqalo nkqo, nezikhundla zeengcebiso inqununu. Kwinqanaba federal ngokusebenzisa GEF liphuhlise inkqubo rough zemfundo ezijolise ukuya nkcukacha basekuhlaleni. A imfundo wazise le program bafezeke (kwinkqubo akwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba nokuba abazali abanomdla ukuba kulawulwa ngumthetho). Ngoko ke, lo imfundo Russian ukusuka kwindawo methodological lwembono angamelwa le nkqubo:

Umgangatho - inqanaba uqikelelo kwenkqubo federal - inkqubo yeziko.

Le yinto yokugqibela kuquka imiba efana:

• ikharityhulam;
• schedule;
• iinkqubo zomsebenzi;
• izinto zovavanyo;
• isikhokelo izinto.

Izizukulwana neeyantlukwano GEF

Yintoni na umgangatho wesizwe, eyaziwa kumaxesha Soviet njengemimiselo engqongqo ezazikho ngelo xesha. Kodwa kwafika eli xwebhu kwaye wangena force kuphela 2000.

GEF ngokuba imigangatho ekuqaleni nje yemfundo. Isizukulwana ekuthiwa kuqala ukusebenza ngo-2004. Isizukulwana yesibini waphuhliswa ngo-2009 (imfundo yaseprayimari), ngo-2010 (ibe total primary) ngo-2012 (Kuba medium ngokupheleleyo).

Ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo imigangatho karhulumente zaye zaqulunqwa ngo-2000. Isizukulwana yesibini, oqale ukusebenza ngo-2005, kuye kwanikelwa ingqalelo ekwenzeni abafundi zooms. Ukususela ngowe-2009 siye kuqulunqwa imigangatho ezintsha, elucwangiso olujoliswe akwakheni ishishini Ubuchule eziqhelekileyo yenkcubeko kunye nobungcali.

Phambi ko 2000, kuba okukhethekile nganye lochaziweyo ubuncinane ulwazi kunye nezakhono ukuba umntu umele ilifa ukumkhulula eyunivesithi. Kamva, ezi mfuno iye yaba ilukhuni.

Ukuphuculwa imfundo karhulumente yabanjwa kule mini. Ngo-2013, umthetho ligqithise "On imfundo", ekuthi ngawo iinkqubo ezintsha equlunqwayo ephakamileyo yezandla kunye nemfundo pre-school. Ukongeza, kukho kuye ngokuqinileyo bangena sinxibo ukulungiselela abasebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nokufundisa.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi imigangatho omdala GEF? Yintoni na ke isizukulwana esitsha yemigangatho?

Eyona iphambili lokwahlula kukuba kwimfundo mihla ukuya phambili uphuhliso lwabafundi wabeka umntu (abafundi). Yanyamalala okubhaliweyo kuxwebhu generalizing amagama (Skills, izakhono, ulwazi), ukuze kufakwe iimfuno ezithe ngqo, ezifana nemisebenzi lokwenene ziye zavela, ekufuneka bayazi umfundi ngamnye. Ingqwalasela enkulu ihlawulwe kumxholo iziphumo inter-kwisifundo zobuqu,.

Ukuze sikwazi ukufezekisa ezi njongo zaye zahlaziywa iifom-ezikhoyo iintlobo zemfundo, enikwe ezintsha iklasi isithuba kwezemfundo (course isifundo).

Ngenxa Ukuqaliswa kweenguqu, isizukulwana esitsha labafundi - nto umntu ukucinga ezamahala, uyakwazi ukubeka usukelo, ukusombulula iingxaki ebalulekileyo, uphuhliso zobuchule kunye nesakhono ukubalisa ngokwaneleyo ukuze yokwenene.

Ngubani na inxaxheba kuphuhliso nemigangatho

Standards kufakwe ezintsha ubuncinane kanye kwiminyaka elishumi.

imfundo jikelele GEF ziqulunqwe kwinqanaba lemfundo, GEF imfundo professional nazo ziqulunqwe kwiindawo umsebenzi, imisebenzi kunye noqeqesho.

Uphuhliso GEF ikhutshwa phandle kuthathelwa ingqalelo:

• iimfuno oyingozi futhi ixesha elide umntu;
• Uphuhliso karhulumente kunye noluntu;
• imfundo;
• nenkcubeko;
• isayensi;
• ubuchwepheshe;
• ezoqoqosho kunye nezentlalo.

association sezemfundo kunye lwemethodoloji zeeyunivesithi asakhasayo GEF ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo. Iprojekthi yabo ithunyelwe kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo, apho kukho ingxoxo, benze utshintsho kunye uhlengahlengiso, uze emva koko kunikwe i ingcali ezimeleyo kangangexesha elingekho ngaphezulu ezimbini iiveki.

uluvo Ingcaphephe uyibuyisele kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa. Kwaye kwakhona waqala nokulatyuza iingxoxo GEF kwiBhunga, leyo ugqiba ukuba lokuvuma iprojekthi, nibabuyise ukuba uhlaziyo okanye ebacekisile.

Ukuba uxwebhu kuya kufuneka benze utshintsho, loo nto iya ngendlela efanayo ukususela ekuqaleni.

imfundo yamabanga

GEF kuyinto isethi iimfuno eziyimfuneko ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwemfundo yaseprayimari. Ezintathu ezinkulu - ezi ziphumo, Design kunye Ukuphunyezwa. Bonke bephela zibangelwa ezinxulumene-ubudala yaye ngamnye neempawu, kwaye kuxoxwe ngazo ngokwemiqathango ekubekeni isiseko yonke imfundo.

Kwinxalenye yokuqala umgangatho elichaziweyo elide nophuhliso lwenkqubo engundoqo lokuqala. Yena iminyaka emine.

Nayo, ngaphandle:

• amathuba alinganayo ukuze imfundo;
• imfundo yokomoya yokuziphatha kwabafundi;
• ukuqhubeka iinkqubo zemfundo pre-school;
• ulondolozo, uphuhliso kunye wabongamela inkcubeko beentlanga zelizwe;
• nokulawulwa ngokwentando kwenkumbulo;
• ukuyilwa kweekhrayitheriya yokuhlaziya ukusebenza abafundi kunye pedrabotnikov4
• iimeko zophuhliso ngamnye ubuntu kunye nokusekwa kweemeko ezizodwa zemfundo (kubantwana unesiphiwo, abantwana abakhubazekileyo).

Xa engundoqo izifundo ezixabisa yokusondela nkqubo-msebenzi. Kodwa inkqubo yemfundo yaseprayimari yaphuhliswa yeziko ibhunga lwemethodoloji.

Kwinxalenye yesibini GEF zaveza ukuya kufikelela ngenxa yeemfuno inqubo yokufunda. Ngokukodwa, yobuqu, meta-zezifundo into neziphumo zokufunda.

Izindululo lokufunda iziphumo kwizifundo ezithile. Umzekelo, i-GEF kulwimi Russian (ulwimi lwenkobe) yenza ezi mfuno zilandelayo:

1. Ukwenziwa iimbono malunga neendidi kwendawo kweelwimi kweli lizwe.
2. Ukuqonda ukuba lwimi - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo izithethe zesizwe.
3. Ndiyila nesimo sengqondo esihle ukuze alungise intetho (nokubhala), njengenxalenye yenkcubeko ngokubanzi.
4. Ekufundeni imithetho kakhulu zolwimi.

Isahlulo sesithathu ichaza isakhiwo kwemfundo yaseprayimari (ikharityhulam, imisebenzi leba, iinkqubo kwezifundo ngamnye, nto leyo equka GEF ucwangciso weendawo).

Inxalenye yesine iqulethe iimfuno lokuphunyezwa kwenkqubo zemfundo (abasebenzi, ezemali, logistics icala).

Umyinge (total) ukubunjwa

Inxalenye yokuqala yeemfuno standard ngokupheleleyo waphinda uveza GEF kwimfundo yaseprayimari. umahluko omkhulu kuvela kwicandelo lesibini, esingethe kunye neziphumo zokufunda. Kwakhona abonisa imimiselo eyimfuneko zophuhliso izinto ezithile, kuquka ulwimi Russian, uncwadi, ulwimi lwasemzini, imbali, izifundo zentlalo, ngendawo kunye nabanye.

Oku igxininisa nakuphuhliso lobume abafundi, egxininisa iingongoma eziphambili ezifana:

• ukukhuthaza ubuzwe, ngokubethelela amaxabiso lizwe zamazwe ngamazwe;
• ukuyilwa ideology, ulungelelene kwinqanaba leyinene;
• umhlahla wobomi ekuhlaleni;
• uphuhliso ukuqonda ubuhle zehlabathi, njalo njalo.

ukuba imisebenzi yemfundo yeemfuno isakhiwo nayo ilungiswe. Kodwa amacandelo azitshintshanga: ekujoliswe, mikhulu yaye lombutho.

kwinqanaba eliphezulu

GEF for zamabanga vocational imfundo ephakamileyo yakhelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko efanayo. Zabo iiyantlukwano esibonakalayo, isakhiwo, iimeko kunye neemfuno ukuphunyezwa iziphumo mayingabi okufanayo kumanqanaba emfundo ahlukeneyo.

Isiseko yemfundo yobungcali umlinganiselo indlela yobuchule, ngamanye abantu nje ulwazi, kodwa olu lwazi ukukwazi ukulawula. Xa uphume izidanga mabangathethi "Uyazi yintoni," yaye "sazi njani".

Ngokusekelwe eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi GEF iziko ngalinye iphuhlisa inkqubo yayo, ugxininise kwikholeji yazo engundoqo okanye eyunivesithi, ubukho izakhono ezithile amalungiselelo, njl

Methodological IBhunga liya kuthathela ingqalelo zonke izindululo-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo kwaye isebenza ngokungqongqo phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe. Noko ke, ukwamkelwa iinkqubo ezithile, izikolo zilawulwa ngoorhulumente beedolophu neSebe yasendle leMfundo (republic, intsimi).

Amaziko kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kwaye enze iingcebiso ngokumalunga nezinto zoqeqesho (umzekelo, iincwadi GEF wathabatha kwindawo yalo efanelekileyo eBhayibhileni amathala eencwadi), ucwangciso weendawo, njl

ukugxekwa

Endleleni eya imvume GEF Koloni lifumanise uhlaziyo ezininzi, kodwa ngohlobo olulo ngoku, ukulungiswa kwemfundo efunyenwe idilesi yakhe isixa esikhulu ukugxekwa, yaye ngakumbi.

Enyanisweni, xa iingqondo developers asemgangathweni, bekuya kukhokelela yokumanya bonke kumiswa Russian. Yaye kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Umntu ezifumaneka kolu xwebhu eziluncedo, ezinye bawo. Ootitshala abaninzi zisetyenziswa yokufundisa kootitshala, yenguqu nzima ukuba imigangatho ezintsha. GEF iincwadi kuphakamisa imibuzo. Nangona kunjalo, bonke ingafumaneka izinto ezintle. uluntu lwale mihla ayikho indawo, imfundo kufuneka utshintshe, uze utshintshe kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zakhe.

Enye izikhalazo eziphambili malunga GEF ziye amagama zayo ezinde, ukunqongophala iinjongo ezicacileyo kunye neemfuno kokwenene, zanikezelwa kubafundi. Wabonakala lonke iqela. GEF kwafuneka afunde yonke into, kodwa ingcaciso ukuba awenze; bekungekho mntu umphayo. Yaye aba titshala kunye neengcali methodological kwafuneka siyiphathe entsimini, kuquka kwinkqubo yeziko lemfundo bonke kuyimfuneko.

Izihloko eziphakanyiswe GEF kwaye uya kuvuka njengoko iziseko endala, apho ubukhulu becala ukuyilwa ulwazi zaye ngokuqinileyo kakhulu esekwe kubomi nganye. imigangatho efanayo New elawula ubuchule beengcali kwaye kuza kubakho ixesha elide ukufumana kubachasi babo.

ngenxa

Development of the GEF lokulwa. Njengazo zonke izinto ezintsha, umgangatho ebangele okuninzi lweempikiswano. Noko ke, uhlaziyo kwenzeka. Ukuze uqonde ukuba siphumelele okanye hayi, ubuncinane, kufuneka ulinde ukuba ukukhululwa lokuqala labafundi. iziphumo zethutyana uninformative kulo mba.

Okwangoku, kakade, omnye kuphela - umsebenzi ngutitshala liye landa.