Gerhard Schroeder - German Federal Chancellor: biography

Enye abapolitiki ezigqamileyo eJamani ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi - Gerhard Schroeder (Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder - umsindo kangaka igama layo ngokupheleleyo). Isiphelo sakhe ayikwazi ngokuba elula kulula. Zonke waphumelela ebomini ngokupheleleyo ngetyala lakhe.

Ukuqala ebomini

Gerhard wazalelwa Mossenberge ukuba Lower Saxony (ngoku imeko yase North Rhein-Westphalia). Schroeder usapho fanele ku zihluphekileyo. Njengokuba wake wathi Gerhard, baba "iziqalelo koluntu."

Abazali akukho imfundo. Phambi Second World War, Fritz uyise wayesebenza njengoko abasebenzi imini ufumane kakhulu kancinane. Imali elaneleyo, kuba abantwana bakhula kwintsapho. amantombazana amathathu (Gunhild, Hayderoze kunye Ilsa) kunye inkwenkwe Lothar rhoqo abasweleyo. Kodwa le ingeniso wayeka emva call a amadoda emfazwe ngo-1940. Xa Fritz wakwazi ukubaleka ekhaya kuba phesheya elifutshane. Kwaba ekupheleni kuka-1943. Emva kolu tyelelo, usapho olunye umlomo abalambileyo - Aprili 7, 1944 kwazalwa Gerhard. Ukuzalwa unyana umfazi ijoni wathi kuloo leta, abasamkelayo ehlotyeni. Bona, unyana wakhe, ukuba uyise awuphumelelanga, kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa kwakhe (Oktobha 4, 1944) Omkhulu Schroeder wabulawa yayo kufuphi kwilali elincinane zazinegama Mare (Romania).

Mother Gerhard Eric wasebenza efama. Ukondla abantwana babo, wathabatha komsebenzi: ukuhlamba imigangatho, ekuhlambeni iimpahla. Emva kwemfazwe, kwakhona watshata. Tata wayegula nesifo sephepha. Ngamaxesha isiqabu ndamthanda isiselo esinxilisayo. Musa zilambe izinikezelo wanceda abamelwane elungileyo, izibonelelo zentlalo kunye pension kamakhulu wakhe.

iintsuku zesikolo

Ukuya esikolweni ixesha elide, Gerhard Schröder abakwazanga. kwafuneka ukuba imali ngandlel ukuziphilisa. Afunda nabo badla limele ababuthathaka kunye nkwenkwana. Gerhard uye wafunda ukusebenzisa izinto zayo ukunciphisa neengxaki. Force wayengekho, kodwa amandla. Boy uvuyo kamama wayengumfundi olungileyo. ulwazi lwakhe, wambeka yena kule nkonzo: Masibhale ngaphandle ofunda anamandla ngenxa yokhuseleko.

Ndibhalile Gerhard Schroeder waziva ootitshala. Ekubeni ndikholose ngayo iinkolelo zakhe, akwazi achithe iiyure yokuphikisana nabo, ebonakalalisa ukuba umsulwa. Ephawula ubuchule bakhe oratorical, ootitshala sele kwangaphambili ikamva lakhe elikhulu.

Iminyaka elishumi elinamine, inkwenkwe yaqalisa kukudibanisa ukufunda kunye nokusebenza. Ngowe-1958 yena wathunyelwa kwisebe sangokuhlwa baza baqalisa ukukhangela imisebenzi kwiivenkile zeentsimbi. Ukuthengisa iindidi zezinto yesinyithi (nezikhonkwane, izikrufu, okubamba, iihenjisi, neefolokhwe, latches kunye naziphi na ukulungiswa kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha) akazange ukuzisa ingeniso enkulu. Ukufumana brand nyanga 150 edlulileyo, umfundi ezingisayo wafuna ukufumana isatifikethi. A echithwa ebomini phakathi izinto zokwakha ayikho kumda yamaphupha akhe. Wagqiba yena wathembisa umama ukuba Qinisekisa ukuba ligqwetha.

Endleleni eya iphupha

Iphupha lakhe Gerhard Schröder wakwazi engama-22 kuphela ubudala. Kule minyaka, wangena University of Göttingen Faculty of Law. Phakathi abafundi abavela kwiintsapho azizityebi oogqirha, amagqwetha kunye noosomashishini, wayengafundanga ukudibanisa izifundo nomsebenzi. Kwi komsebenzi alichatshazelwa, waya phantse ngokupheleleyo.

Nokuba ngaphambi kokuba angene University of Göttingen (1963) Schroeder waba lilungu SPD. Umsebenzi, ukufunda, imisebenzi yezopolitiko - zonke ezilawulwa ukuba umfundi ngenjongo.

nomsebenzi professional

Beentlanga Babelamkele idiploma awayesibawela ngo-1971, lo mgaqo-German elizayo ihleli yunivesithi ekhaya. Usebenza kwiSebe uMthetho. Ngowe-1978 eqalisa ukuzibandakanya wobugqwetha zabucala. Indawo entsha yobomi kunye nomsebenzi - ikomkhulu Lower Saxony Hannover. Apho ke wahlala de 1990. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoko igqwetha ukukhusela amalungelo abathengi zabo, kwiingxabano zilula yabasebenzi. Ngokuthe ngcembe ikhule inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Waba igqwetha ezaziwayo-kakuhle eHanover kunye namadlelo ayo.

Esi sixeko kwaphawula ukuqala umsebenzi zopolitiko igqwetha abanetalente. Phantse ngaxeshanye lokusekwa ngokwabo ngaphambili kwikhono, waba yintloko 'Socialist Young ". Ngoko wabiza intshukumo kulutsha SPD party.

Career e Politics

Umsebenzi kwindlela esemthethweni kungekudala baba abasenyongweni. Ngowe-1980, isekela lokuqala Bundestag onyulwe Gerhard Schroeder. Biography umntu ukususela ngelo xesha ngokusondeleyo onxulumene kwimbali eJamani. Sele ngowe-1986, waba yintloko ngokweyelenqe Social Democratic Party of eJamani, e-Lower Saxony. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, kuthatha indawo lilungu Elawulayo SPD.

June 21, 1990 - umhla ebalulekileyo kubomi nkqubo. Shreder Gerhard yonyulwa yinkulumbuso Lower Saxony.

Mid-nineties bazisa ilahleko iivoti ngenxa SPD. Nangona isithuba nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle yomviwa beqela watyunjwa Shreder Gerhard, uMphathiswa lwaba ngaphandle. Le iqela wayengekafiki ukufumana ipesenti eyimfuneko iivoti yaye abazange bathathe inxaxheba lokusekwa urhulumente.

Xa intloko Germany

nyaka unyulo 1998 lubonakalise impumelelo kunye ukuchaneka izigqibo sibhalwe emva kokoyiswa kunyulo oludlulileyo. Umfelandawonye Green Party, i Democrats Social weza ngamandla. A lamisa ekhokelwa Gerhard Schroeder. Athembisa ukuzenza kuphelisa ngqesho, ukuqalisa uphuhliso loqoqosho kubavoti belizwe bakholwa. Okukhona ukuba German Federal Chancellor wathembisa kwanokuphucula kuqoqosho, ekuxhaseni amashishini kunye nokugcina isidima kwinkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu.

Igama lokuqala intloko iJamani iye yaba luvavanyo yamandla-nkqubo uluvo. Schroeder kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukhethe phakathi kweendlela ezimbini kunokwenzeka zophuhliso zeli lizwe. Neoliberals wacela ukwenza iinguqu ezithile ntlanga kwiinkqubo zentlalo zobuninzi. Ekhohlo-iphiko Democrats Social nimane ayakhula irhafu ziqwempu azizityebi phakathi kwabantu. Yaba inguqulelo yokuqala Shreder Gerhard wayeka, uMphathiswa Economy Apocrypha Lafontaine wabamba indlela yesibini. Oku kwakhokelela sabo sekhefu nokuwa nodumo Party yakhe phakathi kwabantu.

NgoSeptemba 2000, emva kokuba ebukumkanini ezilishumi elinesithandathu ibhatyi uHelmut kohl. Schroeder uye wakhonza Chancellor eJamani.

Kube lulonyulo olulandelayo ngo-2002 beziza kuphela xa oyiswa entsha. izithembiso ezingazalisekanga kwakhokelela ukunganeliseki umgaqo Schroeder kaThixo. Kuphela inkcaso ezisingisileyo lokuhlasela American of Iraq banceda ukufumana uncedo encinci phezu HDZ. Izikhukhula empuma Jamani, uncedo olusebenzayo kumaxhoba urhulumente wadlala indima uloyiso ngayo SPD. Nangona lo mgaqo-nkqubo kuye kwakhokelela yokudodobala kobudlelane yeJamani, eUnited States, wabonakala phezu ngomqukumbelo ubunyani i-Union of Russia-Germany-France.

Unyaka olandelayo yayisisiqalo yenkqubo Agenda-2010 ( "Agenda 2010"). Eyona njongo iphambili yale nkqubo yaba yinkululeko komthetho yabasebenzi. Ukunciphisa le nkqubo izinga lentswela ukukhuthaza ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, iindleko pension lancitshiswa kunye neenzuzo zentlalo sele lwenziwe, ulwabiwo limited zonakekelo lwempilo. isithembiso sakhe iphulo ukulwa ngqesho yingqonyela lizaliseke: inani abangaphangeliyo yoo-2007 liye kutsho ku-8.8% yabantu abasebenzayo-iminyaka epheleleyo, leyo abantu malunga 3.7 million.

nkqubo Federal Chancellor, hayi kuthathelwa ingqalelo iminqweno Left Social-Democrats, yakhokelela ukuphuma kwawo leliqela. I Left Party, eyenziwe amaKomanisi kobokuqala GDR kunye SPD aphuma ngokugqibeleleyo yasekwa ngo-2005. Kunyaka ngaphambi kwesi siganeko, Shreder Gerhard, Chancellor of Germany, yanikezela izintso ukuba ezihlangwini zakhe Party, uFranz Müntefering.

NgoMeyi 2005, i-SPD iye lahluleka kulonyulo lwengingqi. Amanqaku 37,1% ye kwivoti yabonisa ukungoneliseki nezopolitiko party. Kwaye nangona imithetho pati ilizwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu anethoba ezidlulileyo ubudala, uninzi lweevoti wabonakala CDU (44.8%). Eli lungiselelo kubangele ukulahleka SPD isininzi kwi Bundesrat, nto leyo idluliselwe kwi-Union of the CDU-CSU. Ngoko ke, Schroeder wathabatha inyathelo ziqhube unyulo ekuqaleni ngoSeptemba 2005, unyaka omnye phambi kokuphela kwethuba layo lokuba sesikhundleni.

Ukhetho umhla we-18 Septemba. ngenxa yabo akukho namnye onokuchaza. I-Social Democratic Party kunye umfelandawonye i CDU-CSU amanqaku inani phantse elilinganayo leevoti. Alikho elinye okanye elinye block alinikwa ilungelo ukwenza urhulumente elinye wesithathu. Party wangena ezingxoxweni waza wavuma ukuba ukudala "manyano ozukileyo" ye SPD-CDU-CSU. Chancellor of Germany, Oktobha 10, 2005, Angela Merkel waba.

SPD ikwazile ukufumana iipotifoliyo ezisibhozo. Key phantsi kwephiko Social Democrats aba kwabaphathiswa zilandelayo: Finance, Justice, leMicimbi yangaPhandle, Cooperation lezoQoqosho noPhuhliso, elezeMisebenzi, elezeMpilo, Environment, Transport. Owayesakuba Chancellor ungafuni ukuthatha nasiphi na isikhundla urhulumente yeJamani, yathi ukwala igunya kwi Bundestag.

Life emva kwezepolitiki

Shreder Gerhard (Chancellor eJamani ngo-1998-2005) umhlala-kwezopolitiko waza waziphosa kulo ishishini. Ngokutsho kwakhe, xa bebudala bungaphantsi konyaka amathandathu ananye akanakuba isizathu sokuba ukususwa wakhe amatyala. Ehleli ekhaya, ukuze ukubacaphukisa umfazi wakhe, amvelisele abantwana, angazi ukuba. Ngoko ke, emva komhlala-phantsi, wayebambe izikhundla ezibalulekileyo iiprojekthi ngamazwe.

Schroeder waba yintloko kwikomiti zabelo yenkampani-umqhubi kokwakhiwa North European wegesi phantsi kuLwandle lweBaltic. Nyaka ngamnye, kuphela "Gazprom" byi n'wi ikota yesigidi euro. Ekubeni imisebenzi 2006 njengoko umcebisi ukuba ibhodi yeengcebiso zeqela logcino mali yaseYurophu eRothschild olubi.

Family: ngokulandelelana kwi Ukungaqiniseki

Gerhard Schroeder wazama ukwenza usapho zabo izihlandlo ezine. Le nto nje iyodwa ithetha Ukungaqiniseki yayo. Gerhard ngokwakhe le ngolandelelwano ukuphunyezwa.

Umtshato wokuqala yaba, iminyaka imfutshane kuphela emine. uthando umfundi sele idlule ngokukhawuleza, uEva Schubach ngowe-1972, wafaka for umtshato. kungekudala Gerhard watshata. umfazi wesibini Anna Tashenmaher ephila usapho iminyaka Schroeder elinambini. Ngowe-1984, le ntsapho waphula phezulu, ukudala iimeko kumzamo wesithathu. Umtshato ne Hiltrud Hansen kudlule iminyaka elishumi.

Ngoku Schroeder utshate Doris Koepf. Le umfazi Intatheli abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka elinethoba. Ukususela umtshato wakhe wokuqala wazala intombi uClara. abantwana Bakhe Schroeder angenako. Esi sibini sagqiba ekubeni basebenzise abantwana ababini. Zombini umntwana ikhaya labantwana Russian e-St Petersburg. Ngoko ke, ngo-2004 kwakukho seminyaka emithathu-Victoria kwiintsapho zabo, yaye ngo-2006 - umfana inkedama encinane Gregor.

usapho Big uba intenetya. Uyise uzama ukubethelela wonke umnqweno iilwimi zasemzini, ingakumbi IsiNgesi, lulwimi yonxibelelwano ishishini. Gerhard uthanda jazz eqhelekileyo kangaka kunye naye, ilungu omncinane usapho, Gregor.

Gerhard wayesazi uyise, kodwa unqulo lookhokho bebeye kakhulu. Kwi desktop, ezopolitiko usoloko umfanekiso Fritz Schroeder ngokwemo isosha i Wehrmacht. Ngo-2004, Gerhard okokuqala batyelela emangcwabeni kwi zazinegama Mare, apho uyise angcwatywe. Kwathi xa wayesele emdala kayise (ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-60 ubudala).

unina ukufunda nokubhala benifudula ningamvi ngamazwi, unyana wakhe, akaqondi ubomi bakhe. Wayesoloko sazama ukuba senze yonke unina wakhe.

Ukugxekwa nkqubo Schroeder

Ukubakho Iziphumo ukunganeliseki yemisebenzi-nkqubo ithi ngaye nje amanani yimpumelelo. Gerhard Schroeder, umgaqo uzele ephikisanayo, hayi ngaphandle.

Okokuqala, iinkokeli ezininzi la mazwe kwi ilahleko emva ukusayinwa phakathi Russia kunye nesivumelwano Germany kwi NEGP (North European igesi imibhobho phantsi kuLwandle lweBaltic). Aleksandr Lukashenko wada ngokuba le projekthi "yeyona isiyatha" yi Russia. Intloko omnye amaqela waseJamani Guido Westerwelle Chancellor vyvshego orhanelwa urhwaphilizo. Noko ke, isimangalo loo ubengabhenele Schroeder enkundleni yi isigqibo ngawo akunakwenzeka ukuba kummangalela ex-Chancellor in umdla yakhe yobuqu kwi NEGP.

Indawo yesibini ka-nkqubo sabangela ingqumbo, Schroeder waba ukwala karhulumente ngo-2004 ukuya ukuxhasa US ngexesha lokuhlasela kwabo Iraq. States Tom Lantos ngelixa kuvulwa yesikhumbuzo e Washington, DC, elingcwele amaxhoba yobukomanisi, ebizwa izenzo "ngomzimba lezopolitiko" Schröder ngo-2007.

Abavoti baqala ukukhalaza emva kokupapashwa in Bild. Ulikhoboka iwayini eninzi evela eFransi, uthando isifunxwa Cuba (malunga namashumi amahlanu kowethu isabelo nganye), unqulo chic Italian isuti amabini amawaka kowethu, zingazani ngabavoti ukusuka oziphethe kanye ozithandayo.

2005 ngonyaka yonyulo win Schroeder abakwazanga ncam. Bekuya kubonakala ukuba ayinamsebenzi, kodwa abavoti sigxeke, kwaye ukuba ngumpolitiki nedayi iinwele zakhe.

Iziphumo zonyaka-esixhenxe ulawulo

Isiphumo lebhodi Schroder baba imithetho antsonkothileyo. Yiloo xenikweni ukuqukwa wobuhenyu kuluhlu zomsebenzi, baba imitshato-besini yezomthetho. Ngelo xesha, abafazi iphumelele ilungelo kukhonza kwi Bundeswehr. Umthetho odumileyo Hartz IV ngokubanzi wabangela ukudideka. Loo mthetho anti zentlalo-enokulindelwa nakubani, kodwa kungekhona umntu wayesazi ngamahlwempu ebuntwaneni.

HIV kweli lizwe elo ukuba longquzulwano abangamatsha-USA xa umlomo we-Federal Chancellor avume ukuthatha inxaxheba imfazwe e-Iraq. Sesikwenzile "Ukwenza ihlabathi esitalini" luqalisa ukusebenza ngendlela. Germany ngabo bonke nkqubo angaphandle oshukunyiswa zabo kunye neemfuno yaseYurophu. Njengento eqwalasele ye-EU, eli lizwe angezanga ngokwayo ngaphandle kwimeko yaseYurophu.

Ngokwakhe i ex-yingqonyela akuthethi ukufihla uvavanyo ezakhayo ebomini babo. Ngesiqingatha-ngendlala inkwenkwe, nenkedama kwentloko a Germany emanyeneyo - yiloo ngenxa umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko.