Hadfield features steel: ekwakhiweni, ukusetyenziswa

Ishishini steel - enye yeendima ezibalulekileyo eyenzwa kwilizwe ngalinye, njengoko kuvelisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye luncedo. Ngaphandle avelisa iimveliso steelworks uluntu ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle. Steel - omnye wabo. Kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo izinto ezisetyenziswa mveliso ezininzi. Steel, eye plasticity eliphezulu kwaye banxibe, kuyabonakala - Hadfield ziintsimbi, - ingxubevange ekhethekileyo. Iimfuno kuba zilawulwa yi GOST 977-88 osi amazwe (USA, eNgilani, eJamani, China, eJapan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

Imbali Hadfield steel

Njengoko igama libonisa, oko Kungaphikiswa ukuba uRobert Hadfield wafumana le ingxubevange. Yayingubani umqambi? Robert Hadfield - metallurgist IsiNgesi othole intsila ngamandla eziphezulu ngo-1882. Kungekudala, eli intsimbi isasazeke yaye izinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Emva kokuba Hadfield Steel lenze unique, nomdla olwenziwa ngumkhosi lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso. Oku akumangalisi, kuba kukho ingxubevange enjalo njengesakhi esibalulekileyo kulwenziwo izixhobo zomkhosi.

Elihamba isigcina nemixawuka - izixhobo zokhuseleko yokuqala, olusekelwe Hadfield ngentsimbi. Ezi iminqwazi zasetyenziswa amajoni British Army, ngoko waba nomdla kuphuhliso US zomkhosi baza baqalisa imveliso yazo. Ukuya ku 80 iteknoloji Hadfield intsimbi ayizange iguquke. Kodwa imi--80 iye yaphuhliswa organoplastics amandla ayikho izixhobo kunguhata iqulunqwe metallurgist yaseBritani, kodwa kwaba lula kakhulu.

Iminqwazi ngenxa elihamba - akunakuba ukusetyenziswa kuphela Hadfield ngentsimbi. Le nkampani yaseBritani "Vickers" waba ngowokuqala ukuba kusetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo ngentsimbi eliphezulu-grade. Ukulandelelwa truck vehicles baqalisa ukuprinta Hadfield of ingxubevange kwi 20. iilori itanki Steel ukwanda mileage ukusuka km 500 ukuya 4800. Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, ukwanda efanayo mileage kuqwalaselwa phantse nomnye ummangaliso. Hadfield steel zabonakala ziluncedo kuphuhliso tank. Kungekudala, lo intsila lisetyenziswa kuphela kwitanki kodwa nakwamanye amashishini. Kwi-USSR, ekuqaleni Hadfield intsimbi nezakha ngo-1936.

Hadfield Steel: Uqulunqo

Ukuhlaziya ukwakheka imichiza, ingakumbi ipesenti carbon kunye manganese kunokubonwa ukuba ngentsimbi austenitic. Loo isakhiwo kuphucula ukuxhathisa kukuwohloka lukhuni ingxubevange. Ngoko ke, i intsimbi iyamelana inkqubo deformation, ukuba iqondo eliphezulu ductility kunye kobulembu. Steelmakers bathi le ingxubevange ngentsimbi yokuqala stainless, ezithe baqala ngobuninzi isivuno.

Iimpawu Hadfield intsimbi

Ngenxa kwiipropati zalo intsimbi austenitic ayikwazanga ukuqhubekekiswa ngokucutha izixhobo, kuba sele viscosity eliphezulu. umqolo kuphela nefanelekileyo ukuze nokuveliswa kwemveliso ezenziwe kulo mbandela.

Hadfield ingxubevange has eliphezulu umthamo umsebenzi lukhuni, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu ngaphezu koko aluminiyamu ngentsimbi efanayo. steel Austenitic iye lukhuni ephantsi, ukumelana eliphezulu kukuwohloka kodwa phezu nempembelelo, uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu amathontsi. Ngokusekelwe kwezi mpawu, singatsho ukuba British metallurgist sentsimbi elungele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo entsimbini.

technology ingakumbi Welding Hadfield intsimbi

Le conductivity thermal le austenite usezantsi kakhulu ngaphezu koko ezinye yodidi, amaxesha 4-6. Ukwanda lomlingani thermal ingaphezulu amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu koko kwezi yodidi ephantsi-carbon - ngamaxesha 1.9. Ezi mpawu ebaluleke kakhulu intsimbi, ngoko umphumo ithuba nokuqhekeka abandayo sesichengeni lobushushu.

Kukho amathuba ebalulekileyo nokuqhekeka eshushu ngenxa shrinkage le ingxubevange eyahlulayo, nto leyo 1.6 amatyeli esezantsi-carbon metal. Iqondo lobushushu eliphezulu siguqule isakhiwo austenitic ukuya martensitic, nto leyo eyandisa umngcipheko neentanda kummandla amaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Iindawo isicelo Hadfield intsimbi

Ngenxa chemical nokubunjwa kwayo, iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-austenite lisetyenziswa mveliso ezininzi. Ukusebenzisa imveliso ensimbi, unokuqiniseka kukuthembeka labo kunye eside kakhulu.

steel Faka-enganyangekiyo kuyinto material ethandwayo. A Inani enkulu kumashishini ezivelisa izinto eziphakamileyo-amandla, wasebenzisa Hadfield ngentsimbi. Ezi mveliso zilandelayo eziveliswa kule ingxubevange:

• iimveliso Engineering.
• Truckee amatanki macimbi.
• Iitrektara.
• awela Railway.
• Turnouts, ekwaziyo ukusebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinzima umthwalo ifuthe lingonakali.
• zejele kwi windows.
• izakhi isityumzi.

Eyonwabisayo into lemveliso ezikrobeni entolongweni of austenite. Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba uyandibhanxa emise yamabanjwa ozama ukubaleka. Ngokutsho ezakudala na uhlobo, izalamane ezininzi banyebeleza a hacksaw ukuba amabanjwa ngethemba inkululeko baqalisa ukugawula imivalo window.

Kwimeko metal eziqhelekileyo ukubalekela senzeka. Kodwa Hadfield ingxubevange - kuba intsimbi ukunxiba-resistant, nto leyo edla hacksaw ukuba wabona engenakwenzeka. Ukuba uqala ukuba wabona emkhusaneni le ingxubevange Hadfield, Iqala lukhuni ubuso, nto leyo ekhokelela lukhuni le austenite. Hacksaw emkhusaneni kwandisa yobulukhuni kanye nekuba lesandla ngasentla. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukuthetha malunga engeyonene yokusinda.

steel 110G13L

Steel grade 110G13L - ingxubevange, esetyenziswa castings kwaye iipropati ezizodwa. Le steel siyakwazi ukumelana wear omkhulu izithonga okanye ukohluka uxinzelelo.

Isicelo yodidi 110G13L

Olu hlobo ngentsimbi ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• amalungu umsebenzi onzima ekufuneka ixesha elide.
• cone isityumzi.
• Amazinyo ukumbiwa eludongeni.
• ibhola Housing, okugaya jet.

yodidi Analogs

Loo nto ngensimbi eziveliswa kumazwe amaninzi.

Iimpawu ze-grade ensimbi 110G13L

iipropati kwezobugcisa kunye mechanical zezinto zokufunda zinikwe kwitheyibhile.

iipropati Mechanical e T = 20 ^o C brand 110G13L intsimbi

unyango ubushushu

unyango Ubushushu Hadfield intsimbi kuxhomekeke kwizinga umxholo kwekhabhoni ingxubevange. Inqanaba eliphezulu carbon, kungona iqondo lobushushu. Umzekelo, ukuba ingxubevange ngayo kwi-1%, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi 900 degrees. Ukuba 1.5% carbon, processing kunokwenzeka ngo-1000 degrees. Ukuba carbon ikhona ingxubevange kwi 1.6%, iqondo lobushushu kufuneka ibe ngaphezulu degrees 1050. Oku kulandelwa lungapholi ngamanzi.

kufuneka iqondo eliphezulu zokuchithwa epheleleyo carbides, phantsi umgangatho ukulahlwa, nangenxa ekukhuleni iinkozo austenite. bephosa ixesha exposure ixhomekeke ubukhulu bayo. Ngenxa yoko, esinobukhulu mm-30 kufuneka efunxa ngeeyure-4, kunye 125 mm - 24 iiyure.

Lingonakali uxhathiso Hadfield ophuma ezintsimbini imeko as-iphoswe iyafana emva ucimayo. isakhiwo austenite ingqongwe yi carbide kunye umnatha liziphatha banxibe iimeko kwakunye ingxubevange eyohlobo olulodwa lukhuni. Ngako oko ke ngoko wayesithi ukuba kwezinye microvolumes etyhidiweyo austenite unawo amandla efanayo kwaye ihlala njengentsimbi lukhuni. ubu yayo landa ngenxa yempembelelo grid carbide, nto leyo ebangela a xi oluluqilima ntshikilelo zangaphakathi.

Hadfield sentsimbi yaphuhliswa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, ingxubevange intsimbi - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso iimveliso ezininzi mveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphandle mveliso njengokwakha umatshini, oyile negesi, imichiza, iimveliso zokutya, imboni yezamandla ayikwazanga ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Musa ukulibala ngokwakhiwa, imveliso itanki kunye nophuhliso iindidi ezintsha kwezixhobo ezisebenzisa ushishino impumelelo steel entsha. Noko ke, iinjineli kunye metallurgists musa ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo zonke iimpawu, iimpawu kunye neempawu ze-yodidi ingxubevange.