I-allergies iyinto eqhelekileyo - yintoni na? Iimpawu

Ngoku i-polyvalent allergies ixhaphakile. Yintoni na? Le yimeko apho umntu omnye unokufumana izinto ezinokubangela izinto ngexesha elifanayo. Abaninzi abakrokreli ukuba banokungaqhelekanga kokutya, iziyobisi, iikhemikhali. Esi sifo sibonakala njani?

Inkcazo

Ukunyuka kwamanzi ngokwemvelo kukunyuka kobukhulu bezinto eziphilayo kwiindidi ezininzi zezilwanyana ezivakalayo ngexesha elifanayo. Iingxaki ziba njengemvelaphi efanayo okanye isakheko seekhemikhali, kwaye ziyahlukahluka komnye nomnye.

Ukuba umntu udibana kunye ne-antigens ezininzi zamanye amazwe, ngoko emzimbeni ngokuphendula kwisenzo esinjalo, ubunzima bezinto ezinobungozi ezivusa ukuphazamiseka kwezicubu kunye neenkunkuma ziveliswa. Njengomthetho, kunye neendlela ezininzi zezinto ezichaphazelekayo zichaphazelekayo kanye.

Izizathu

Kutheni umntu ehlakulela i-allergy polyvalent, kodwa umntu akenzi? Iingcamango zenzululwazi azange zenzeke ngenye indlela, ngoko kukho iindlela ezininzi, enye inelungelo lokuba khona.

Imfundiso yezofuzo ikhokelela kwinani labalandeli. Isekelwe kwinto yokuba iimpendulo ezithintekayo zisuka kwixesha lokuzalwa kwaye zihambelana nokulandelelana kwamanucleotide esiwafumana kubazali. Ukuxhasa le ngqungquthela kuboniswa kukuba abantwana abazali babo abanezifo zonyango baxhomekeke kwi-hyperreactivity.

Ingqungquthela yesibini ithi ukubonakala kobuthathaka kuhambelana nokusebenza okungonelanelekanga okanye ukuxhomekeka kwendlela yokuzivikela komzimba. Abantu abaninzi abane-hypersensitive baxhomekeke kwizifo ezingapheliyo, bafumana ama-antibiotics okanye ama-hormone kwaye abaphume kwizibhedlele.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, inkolelo yesithathu ichaza ukuba ukuvela kwezilwanyana ezidityanisiweyo kuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kotywala nokutshaya. Oku, imiphumo emibi, kwaye akukho nzuzo kubo emzimbeni, kodwa ubungqina bokuba oku kubangela ukuba i-hyperreactivity, nayo, ayitholakali.

Kubantwana, ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto ezininzi kunokuthi kuphuhliswe ngenxa yokuqaliswa kokuqala kokutya okudibeneyo okanye isondlo esisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe yi-helminths. Zivuselela umzimba wamasosha kwaye zenze igalelo ekukhuleni komzimba.

Njengomthetho, akukho nanye isizathu sokuba kutheni i-hypersensitivity. Ihlala idibanisa izinto.

Pathogenesis

I-polyvalent allergies ayifumaneki ngokukhawuleza nangosuku olunye. Oko umntu athatha ukuphendula okungalindelekanga kwimizimba yakho ngokwenene kusebenze ixesha elide elijongene nomzimba wakho womzimba. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiyiphi into ebangela ukuba, naluphi na ukuphendulwa kwe-hypersensitive response kuya kumaqela amathathu okuphuhlisa:

1. Isigaba sokuqala: ukuqhelana ne-antigen. Umzimba wokuqala udibanisa nekhampani yamakhemikhali engaphandle, nokuba i-pollen, i-perfume, iyeza okanye i-microorganism. Inkqubo yokufunda kunye nokukhumbula, kunye nokuveliswa kwe-immunoglobulins E, ejongene nokusebenza komzimba , kwenziwa .
2. Isigaba sesibini: i-cytochemistry. Ukuqhagamshelana ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye ne-allergen, i-IgE isebenze, ikhona kwiiseli ezigciniweyo, kunye nezinto ezinomsebenzi ezifana ne-histamine, i-serotonin, i-interleukins kunye nabanye bayasuswa kwigazi ngobuninzi.
3. Isigaba sesithathu: ukubonakala kweempawu. Ngenxa yokubhengeza umzimba 'we-cocktail' yezinto ezinokwenza imichiza, umntu unokuba ne-bronchospasm, ukuvuvukala, ukuvutha, ukubomvu kwesikhumba kunye neengqungquthela, i-rhinitis, i-conjunctivitis nokunye okuninzi.

Ukuxhatshazwa okufanayo kwenzalo. Inqanaba lesithathu lwenkqubo kwimeko yesi sifo lingazilibaziseka, zithathe iifom eziyinqaba okanye ezixubekileyo, kodwa kusekho ukusabela okubonakalayo komzimba ekuhlaselweni kwamalungu angaphandle.

Iimpawu

Ngasentla, sele sichaze ngokufutshane ukuba indlela yokuphikelela i-polyvalent allergies ibonakala ngayo. Iimpawu zingabonakala ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthintana ne-allergen, ngoko kulibaziseka ngexesha. Kuxhomekeke kwidosi kunye nokuchithwa (oko kukuthi, ubude bentsebenzo) yenkalo yokubangela kunye neempawu ezithile. Ngoko, umzekelo, uthuli kunye ne-pollen kubangela ukucaphukiswa kwendlela yokuphefumula, kwaye emva kokugwinya ingqungqutyana yamanqwanqwa, i-edema jikelele ikhula.

Ngenxalenye yesimo sokuphefumula kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu, iimpawu ezifana ne-rhinitis, i-dyspnea, i-spasm ye-bronchial muscle, ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthmatic kuya kwenzeka. Ngokukhawuleza kuba nzima ukuba umntu aphefumule, utyhawule umoya, uqala ukukhwehlela, kwaye angakwazi ukukhala. Ukuba isiguli siyayazi ngokugula kwakhe, ngoko uhlala ephethe i-pocket inhaler kunye neyeza elisebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ikhono lokunceda ngokukhawuleza ulondoloze ubomi bezilwanyana ezininzi. Njengomthetho, izilwanyana ezikhoyo kulo mzekelo ziza kuba zizinto ezinamandla: uthuli, i-pollen, uboya, i-perfume nezinye i-aerosols, amayeza.

Ukusuka emathunjini emva kokutya ukutya kwe-allergenic iimveliso zibonwa iziganeko zengxaki ze-dyspeptic. Isigulane singabonisa ukuphazamiseka kwesitope, isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza kwindawo yokutya okungafanelekanga okanye ukutya okungaqhelekanga, kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwexesha, ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwimihla ngemihla, akukho ndabuzo malunga nobume babo.

Urticaria

I-polyvalent allergies (i-ICD-10 yamnika ikhowudi T78.4) ingabonakalisa njengokugqithisa kwesikhumba kunye neembrane ezinamaqabunga. Kule meko, indlela yokongela i-allergen yinto engabalulekanga, kodwa ukuphendula okunzulu kakhulu kuqhubeka ngokuqhagamshelana ngqo, umzekelo, ukuhlamba izandla, ukucoca indawo, ukuqokelela iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-urticaria ibangela ukutya okanye i-chemical allergen: utywala, ukungafani, ama-disinfectants, izimonyo zokuhlobisa nokunye okunjalo.

Ukliniki olu hlobo lwe-polyvalent allergies lubonakala ngendlela yobomvu besikhumba njengotshiso, i-edema kunye nokubonakala kwamabhulebhu amancinci anezinto ezibonakalayo. Kwezinye iimeko ukubethelela kujoyina. Iimpawu ze-urticaria zisuswa kalula nge-antihistamine amafutha, iiprafu kunye namacwecwe (xa kwenzeka ukuba iindawo eziqhekezayo ziqhelekileyo). Akukho tshintsho kwesikhumba, kodwa xa sele ivela, olu hlobo lobuthakathaka luyakuthanda ukuhlaziya nokuphanga izigulane.

Edema Quincke

Ukuxhatshazwa kwezinto ezininzi ezinxulumene nomlinganiselo omkhulu we-allergen kunokubonakalisa njengokuvuvuka kwentsimbi yentamo, okanye i-edema ka-Quincke. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwimeko yokuba inambuzane ibetha ebusweni nasemlonyeni okanye ekudleni kokutya, i-dose enkulu ayimfuneko. Izicubu ezinamaqabunga kunye nezicatshulwa zendlela yokuphefumula kunye nezitho zentamo zihlanjululwe kakuhle, ngoko ke i-arhente agent isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kuyo yonke indawo.

Njengomthetho, i-edema ka-Quincke iyindlela yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ingaba yingozi kumntu nangona uqala ukudibana ne-allergen. Ngenxa ye-edema, kukho intambo yamanga-ukunciphisa i-larynx lumen-kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuphazamiseka komoya wangoku kunye nokuyeka ukuphefumla. Ukuba isigulane asinikezelwa ngononophelo olukhawulezileyo, ke amathuba okuba nemiphumo emihle iya kuhlaselwa. Yingakho bonke ugqirha banesixhobo sokubuyisela kwakhona: i-Adrenaline, i-Efdrine, i-Prednisolone ne-Eufillin. Ezi ziyeza zonyango lokuqala lwe-angioedema.

Tshutshisa iAnaphylactic

Isimo esona sengozi kakhulu kubantu abanesifo sengqondo sokugonywa yi-anaphylactic shock. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwenzeka xa udla izilwanyana: ukutya okanye amayeza. Isixa senkunkuma asibalulekiyo, ekubeni uqale ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza uhlobo lwenqabana elincinci lwanele ukuba lubangele i-degranulation enkulu yamaseli e-mast.

Isibonakaliso sale meko kukuphosa ngokukhawuleza kwixinzelelo legazi, kuhamba kunye nokulahleka kwengqondo okanye i-coma, ubunzima, ngokugqithiseleyo, ukuphefumula okungaqhelekanga, ukuxhamla kunye ne-pallor. Indoda, eyesibili eyadlulayo, yaziva ikhulu, ngoku ifa phambi kwabantu abadlulayo. Ngokuphuhliswa kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka ucele i-ambulensi ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ubambe imisebenzi yongxamiseko ngokwakho (ukuba uyazi ukuba, kunjalo).

Kubalulekile ukuba ugqirha ukwazi ukuhlula phakathi kokutshitshiswa kwe-anaphylactic kwi-PE enkulu (i-pulmonary embolism), i-infarction ephawulekayo, i-stroke kunye nezinye iimeko ezihamba ne-sudden collapsoid syndrome.

Izidakamizwa ezibangelwa yiyobisi

Kwangoku nje, amaxesha okuphuhliswa kweempembelelo ezithintekayo kwimithi yokwelapha ziye zanda rhoqo kwizonyango. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo omnye, ubuncinane - amaninzi ngexesha elinye. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okungalawulwayo kwamachiza kunye namaxesha aqhelekileyo okuzonyango kukhokelela kwimeko enjalo.

Ngomqondiso wokuqala we-OZ (isifo esiphezulu sesifo) abantu abaya kumgqirha, kodwa baye kwi-pharmacy, apho bathenga khona i-antibiotiki ezinamandla okanye iziyobisi. Emva koko thabathe kwi-scheme ekhethiweyo. Oku kukunyusa ukuxhatshazwa okukhoyo kwamachiza ezincinci kunyango kwaye kuphazamise ukuphuhliswa kweempendulo.

Esinye isizathu sihlaselayo, nokuba sisifo sabantu, ukulingana nomntu wanamhlanje ukuze ahlambuluke. Kuyo yonke indawo unokufumana isepha ye-antibacterial, napkins kunye ne-sprays. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kukho iindlela ezifanayo, kodwa zifanelekile ukusebenzisa izibhedlele nakwezinye iziko ezifanayo, kodwa kungekho ekhaya. Ukungavumeli umzimba ukuba uqhagamshelane ne-microbes, sinciphisa amandla akhe omzimba kwaye siphuthuma ukuphuhliswa kwemvelo.

I-Piobacteriophage i-vacticomponent vaccine, ejoliswe ekunciphiseni imiphumo emva kokusuleleka kwi-bacteria ye-staphylococcal ne-streptococcal. I-allergic ukuya kwi-pyobacteriophage eguquguqukayo ingenzeka ukuba i-dose yesichengiselwano ayithobeli okanye ukunganyeliseki, kodwa, njengokuba umthetho, loo matyala awanqabile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izidakamizwa zonyango zihlaselwa kwii-antibiotics, i-anesthetics yendawo kunye neyonke, i-latex, amalungiselelo aneoli efunekayo.

Ukutya okungekho

Ukutya okungaqhelekanga kokutya kungabangelwa uhlobo oluthile lwemveliso, kunye nezixhobo apho le mveliso iqhutyelwa kwiifekthi okanye kwintsimi. Kukho uluhlu lwezidlo eziqhelekileyo zokutya:

1. Eyokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, iisuthi. Ncinane, ukulandelelanisa inani le mveliso kunokudala i-Quincke's edema kunye ne-anaphylaxis. Ngoko ke, abavelisi kufuneka bachaze loo ngcaciso kwiipakethe.
2. Ukutya kwezilwandle, ngakumbi ezo ezingabonakaliyo kwiindawo zethu zokuhamba. Ezi zibandakanya i-crustaceans, i-shrimp, i-caviar ebomvu.
3. Amaqanda. Iprojekti yenkukhu iyakwazi ukwenza ukunyanzeliswa kwezilwanyana ezinobundlobongela, ngoko ke abanye abantwana bazisa ngokucacileyo le mveliso kwisondlo somntwana baze baqale, njengombandela, kunye ne-yolk.
4. I-Strawberry kunye nezinye iziqhamo ezibomvu zenza i-rash njenge-hive ne-bubble ebusweni kubantwana.
5. Nasiphi na isiqhamo esingabonakaliyo, ngakumbi izithelo zelitrus. Iimeko eziqulethwe ngamathambo kunye ne-peel zeziqhamo ezinjalo zingabangela ukuba i-allerergens ezinamandla.
6. Izityalo ezenziwe ngqolowa: i-semolina, i-oatmeal, i-pearl nebhali kunye nabanye. Ziqulethe i-gluten, enobungozi kubantu abanezifo ezinqabileyo (isifo sengqondo sesisu).
7. Ubusi bethu obuphezulu buphela. Le nto imfuneko kwaye iyimfuneko kakhulu emveliso, kodwa ukuba umntu sele sele ene-allergies kwi-pollen, kuya kubakho ubusi kunye neziphumo zayo.

Ukutya kokutya okungaqhelekanga kunokubonakala kumntwana omncinci kunye nomdala. Njengomthetho, abantwana bavela ngaphandle kokutya kunye kwaye basenokungazi malunga nayo emva kwexesha elide.

Diagnostics

I-polyvalent allergies (ikhowudi kwi-ICD-10 iboniswe ngasentla) ifunyaniswa ngokulula, kodwa inzima nakwixesha elifanayo. Ubunzima kukuba akunakwenzeka ukuqhuba uvavanyo ngokupheleleyo zonke izifo. Kubiza kakhulu kwaye kaninzi kunentsingiselo. Oogqirha batusa ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo enokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo uluhlu lwezinto ezishukumisayo kunye nokuzitshekisha kuphela.

Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokumisela i-allergen. Iyokuqala iimvavanyo zesikhumba. Kulo cala lwangaphakathi le-forearm, iifudlana ezincinci zisetyenziselwa ukumiswa kwezinto ezivakalayo kwi-dilution eqinile. Eminye (encinci) ixesha elizayo, ugqirha uhlola indawo yesicelo. Ukuba kukho ubomvu okanye ukuvuvukala, oku kungenjalo i-allergen.

Indlela yesibini ukuzimisela kwamagciwane egazini. Le ndlela ibuhlungu kunye nexesha elide, efuna iindleko ezibonakalayo ezibalulekileyo. Kodwa inika umphumo ochanekileyo. Kuthethwa kuphela xa kufuneka ukuba kuchaneke izinga lokubuyiswa komsebenzi kwi-allergen esaziwayo.

Unyango

Ngaba i-polyvalent allergies ingenakho unyango? Unyango, ngokuqinisekileyo, lukhoyo, kodwa lude kwaye lukhuni. Okokuqala nokuphambili, umphumo we-allergen emzimbeni awukhutshwe. Siza kufuneka sahlukane nezilwanyana ezifuywayo, sitshintshe imithwalo, ngokuqhelekileyo yenza ukucoceka okumanzi kunye nomoya kwindawo. Qaphela ukutya, ufune ukuthatha amayeza athile kunye nokusebenzisa izimonyo.

Kwiimeko ezinxamisekileyo, sebenzisa i-antihistamines. Bavala i-receptors ezithatha i-histamine, kwaye musa ukuyivumela ukuba isebenze kunye nezicubu zomzimba. Oku kuyanciphisa ngokukhawuleza iimpawu, kodwa iziphumo ezichaphazelekayo zala machiza zigqithileyo, ngoko le nyeza ityathwa kuphela kwisidingo.

Thintelo

I-polyvalent allergies (i-ICD khowudi oyaziwayo) ingahlakulela kwimpilo, ekuqalekeni, umntu, ngoko kunzima ukuyilungisa okanye ukuyiphepha. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba bahambelane nendlela efanelekileyo yokuphila, bagweme ukutya okungaqhelekanga ekudleni, qi niqiniseke ukuba uqhuba iimvavanyo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe imishanguzo emitsha kunye nomqondiso omncinane wesifo uthinte ugqirha, kwaye ungazami ukuziphilisa.