YaseTopiya kunye Somalia ithafa. yaseTopiya phi?

East Africa - ukuba indawo enkulu ibekwe ukuya ngasempuma lizwekazi. Ibandakanya kwiinduli Ethiopia, ukudandatheka Afar, lehewu nakwintlambo Somalia. Kwaye oku kuquka i-East African Plateau.

indawo okuyo

Emzantsi-mpuma kwiinduli Afrika kulahlwa Ethiopia (apho kwindawo eliphezulu le mlilo Ras Dashen kunye nezinye). Kwinxalenye yasentshona mmandla wadibana entlanjeni White Nile. Kwi emantla-mpuma phantsi elunxwemeni kuLwandle oluBomvu, i-Gulf of Aden kunye Indian Ocean. Emzantsi, lo mmandla erhangqwe Lake Rudolph kunye Indian Ocean.

ukukhululeka Ethiopia

Ethiopia Mountains (yaseTopiya) - le kabukhali uluhlu kangako, le yindawo uluhlu. Bemba nzima ukufikelela, kumathambeka. Ukhukuliseko-ziitectonic plates, iintlambo ezinzulu kakhulu ndinqumle kulo ngeendlela ezininzi. Bona cell neentaba mlilo. Ezinye mlilo baye babonisa kwixesha zembali. Amaqondo aphezulu - Ras Dashen (4.6 km) - sime kwinxalenye esemantla. Kwelinye misinga yi Lake Tana.

Inxalenye mpuma kwiinduli ufanele ukuba ityala isitya eyahlula kuye Harar Plateau. Harar kwehle iPeninsula of Somalia. Somalia Plateau ngobunono ekuweleni i-Indian Ocean. Ummandla liphantsi kwe Afar Depression, kufutshane eLwandle oluBomvu.

phawu neznye

Kule nxalenye kwelizwekazi i East African Rift. Le okuyi iimpazamo kwinkqubo abemi noqweqwe. Rift eqalisiweyo zaphawula ezimbini zokugqibela - kwi Cenozoic and Mesozoic. Ngale ndawo uqhuba Rift yesebe elingumTiyopiya. yaseTopiya neentlambo Afar yekhampasi nje eli sebe mpuma. Emva koko iya emzantsi ehamba phakathi East African Plateau.

sezulu

Iimeko zemozulu zale ngingqi ezikhethekileyo kunye okungafani. Ngomhla kwiinduli Ethiopia kunye Somalia ihewu kwemvula nokufuma kuzisa i zemvula Indiya, kodwa inkoliso yabo abamba ngu kwamaxandeka kwiinduli. Apho imvula yonyaka idlula 1000 mm. Ezihlanjeni kwi usingasiqithi abangamaSomali kwemvula izihlandlo ezine ephantsi kakhulu - 250 mm / ngonyaka.

Le mali incinci imvula lwenzeka kwiindawo besithili, njengoko Afar ukudakumba, indawo ephakathi nduli kunye umhlaba Harar, kwakunye emideni i-Gulf of Aden kunye kuLwandle Olubomvu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, kunxweme Kuna malunga 125 mm kwemvula ngonyaka ngamnye, apho phantse kudala iimeko real entlango.

Ngokubanzi, kwiinduli Ethiopia kunye Somalia ihewu ebonakala amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. kummandla lobushushu avareji ukuya ku-20 ⁰ C, kwaye ihlobo ubuninzi ifikelela 50 ⁰ C.

Ngelo xesha, kunye yokuphakama ukwandisa iimeko lobushushu ziyahluka. Ngaphezu km isiqingatha ubushushu ngenyanga ezi 15-20 ⁰ C. kunye ubusuku ebusika ubushushu maxa wambi ithotywe -5 ⁰ C. Ngaphezu uphawu 2,5 km - More ezipholileyo. Umlinganiselo amazinga sele apha musa ukudlula 16 ⁰ C, yaye ebusika kukho elide ngokwaneleyo kunye kuneqabaka kakhulu.

umfula

yaseTopiya kudala imilambo amaninzi yamanzi lesiphithiphithi oneentlambo enzulu. Umzekelo, kumntla i Blue Nile, emzantsi - Omo.

Blue Nile, nto leyo eyaziwa ngokuba Abba, i uviko lasekunene loMlambo umNayile. Ubude bayo ngu 1.6 amawaka. Km. Umthombo lo mlambo uqala e Lake Tana nomphakamo km 1,83. Akasekude umlomo wawo ngamanzi. E Ethiopia, kukholelwa ukuba Blue Nile - emlanjeni engcwele, ukuba ziphuma egadini, ngoko abantu balapha kuzisa izipho zakhe.

Omo River aqukuqela ukusuka embindini nduli umKushi, iqukuqela ikakhulu ngasemzantsi. Ezintabeni, ijelo elimxinwa esezantsi konyuso ububanzi. Umandlalo umlambo ibekwe phezu uyithobele, ohamba uba ezininzi. Inqanaba eliphezulu omlambo - ehlotyeni, ngexesha imvula. Urhulumente mTiyopiya uceba ukwakha isikhululo samandla ngamanzi kwi dama, nto leyo eza kunika umbane Addis Ababa.

Kwakhona umdla Juba umlambo, aqukuqelayo evela Harar Plateau. Ayajika ngaphesheya usingasiqithi abangamaSomali, angena Indian Ocean. Ubude 1.6 amawaka. Km. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mlambo aqukuqela kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu, amandla ayo na imvelaphi kangangokuba emininzi ukuba sigcine bezingenabunzulu ngalo lonke eli xesha.

uhlaza

yaseTopiya has a ummandla omkhulu-iyenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Inxalenye kumathambeka asezantsi bazibandakanya kunye kumahlathi ashinyeneyo abameli ezithile ezifana iibhanana asendle, isundu, irabha-imidiliya, kunye nabanye. Kwiindawo owomileyo - gallery amahlathi, naphezu watersheds - kubiza (imithana, amahlathi xerophytic).

Ngaphezulu kwe-1.7 km ehlanganiswa kwiinduli kwihlathi Ethiopia. Uphi na lo ndawo, sele kufunyenwe. abantu bendawo basibiza "imfazwe-Degas". Ngaphambili iphume apha boled imisedare kukulawula kusikwa phantsi. Okungcono walondoloza treelike euphorbia, konwele, nemingampunzi isambuleli. Kwezinye iindawo Amahlathi kufakwe amathafa. Le umbhinqo likhaya Highlands coffee emthini. Kuyinto ekhaya ukuya nxalenye inkulu yabantu.

Ngaphezu uhlaza 2.4 km inkangala ibandakanya ubukhulu becala iintlobo zengca, utyani elungiswe apha kunye nezityalo zerhasi.

Inxalenye engaphakathi lizwe igutyungelwe Amathafa kunye nomgongxo Afar kunye nonxweme imelwe eziyimiqwebedu imvula.

jikelele silwane

yaseTopiya uye izilwanyana zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kummandla ophantsi Plateau elephant eziphilayo (enye zokuhlala Afrika zolondolozo lwendalo ngaphandle ezimbalwa kunye iipaki zesizwe), imikhombe kunye iimvubu, warthogs. zemikhombe-ineempondo ezimbini Afrika zimelwe iintlobo ezimbini - abamhlophe nabamnyama. rhino emhlophe Afrika ufikelela ubude-manzi ezine, na iintlobo inkulu imikhombe, ikho kuphela kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo.

Zintokazi iihagu zasendle ngokubonakalayo kutshabalalisa ngenxa inyama nesikhumba. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngenxa lwendlovu kunye nendlovu Afrika. Nangona yokuba ezazibazingela aluvumelekanga, oko akayeki abazingela ezininzi.

yaseTopiya ugcwale kuquka iikati amakhulu, iingonyama bahlala apha, kwaye (phi) nehlosi. Le ngingqi ezininzi ungulates: neula, iinyathi, nebhadi, njengeula eli. Phakathi antelopes, ezo iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe amane kunokuba wildebeest ezihloniphekileyo, Kudu, antelopes etyumke ubudoda.

Xa amahlathi uhlala eninzi nkawu - gelada, gverets, hamadryad, njl kwiintaba umTiyopiya ukwakheka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze iintaka ... Zininzi izikhwenene Turaco, iingwamza, milenge, lokhozi, iinkozi. Xa amathafa, ebuntlangorha neentlango umiwe iinciniba, namaqwarha, iindlulamthi.