I-Battle of Austerlitz ngo-1805: iinkcukacha. Ngubani wayalela imikhosi Russian kweli dabi Austerlitz?

A kwilali encinane wohlobo lwe Austerlitz wayemiselwe ukuba angene ngembali yehlabathi, ekubeni ecaleni kuDisemba yakhe 2, 1805 kwabakho imfazwe, oko kufanele kuqwalaselwe Soma idabi grand ngexesha iimfazwe Napoleonic. It umkhosi 73000th French woyisa amanani ophezulu manyano yayo anti-Napoleonic. I-Battle of Austerlitz kugqalwa uloyiso buchopho noonozakuzaku lempi uNapoleon.

Imbambano yokuba uMlawuli Three

Maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba 'Battle of Emperors ezintathu kwi Austerlitz. " Kwaye kakhulu oyinyaniso, kuba ukongezelela kukaNapoleon phezu entsimini emfazweni ngaloo mini sibi kwakukho nabanye abantu abathile ezimbini august - i Russian uMlawuli Alexander I and Austria Franz II. Ukuze siqonde izizathu kwamandla abo waziphosa kwegazi, kufuneka sibuyele emva kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo xa France waqukumbela eNgilani ekuthiwa-Uxolo of Amiens.

Izicwangciso kokoyiswa of England

Ityikitywe ephepheni, enyanisweni wanika ixesha umlawuli French namabhongo ukulungiselela ayehlasela zaseBritane Isles, kwaye bamba koko London kuphela. I-British baqonda kakuhle kakhulu yaye kufanele alubonile usindiso lwabo kuphela ekwenzeni kwilizwekazi le elandelayo, owesithathu emgceni, mdibaniso nxamnye uNapoleon. Kuye owadala yayikhona kuze imini yada yophuka yingozi ukuba kwemfazwe Austerlitz.

Lo nyaka yabalasela intabalala kwezicwangciso ezininzi nenxa umlawuli isiFrentshi, yaye ugula ngengqondo kakhulu nzulu ngenjongo yokufakwa London. Ukulungiselela le njongo, eli, kufuphi eParis, nathi saba ngokupheleleyo ukulwa ukulungela empi, kwaba umsebenzi wakhe, ukunqumla IsiNgesi Channel, ukuba bafudukele kwikomkhulu IsiNgesi. Emva kokuba bethintelwe ukuphunyezwa ezicwangcisiweyo French Admiral Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, iphutha leyo uNapoleon akazange alinde ukuba butho, yenzelwe ukuthutha-mkhosi liphela lerinene.

isakhiwo lamisa

Kungekudala, umfelandawonye wadalwa evela ithi abanomdla zokunqanda izicwangciso ngxwaba uNapoleon. nxaxheba zayo Russia, Austria kunye England ngokwakhe. Noko ke, iindima zabo, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, lazo. England nxaxheba ngqo kwemfazwe enaningamkelanga zona, kwaye ithathe mali nenkcitho emkhosini. Austria ilwa, kodwa idabi tsotsololo edabini kwakhokelela 25 amawaka emkhosini, ngoxa Russian bekukho 60 lamawaka. Ngenxa yoko, imfazwe Austerlitz bonke ubunzima bakhe bawa phezu emagxeni amajoni Russian, nto leyo ke, imbali iphindiwe.

Izicwangciso sokuqala mfelandawonye

Kufuneka uhlawule irhafu ukuya qhinga yaseYurophu. Ukuba iphuhlise isicwangciso yebhongo kakhulu ukunqanda uNapoleon nedabi Austerlitz yaba sisiphumo yokuba uye wahlala kuphela ephepheni. Ngokutsho ekukhuleni kwabo, ukuba inyathelo emkhosini kufanele ibe sele inxaxheba eqela labasebenzi enkulu kakhulu kunokuba kwakunjalo eneneni. Umzekelo, kumntla yaseYurophu nxamnye ally uNapoleon kaThixo - Denmark - bekufanele ukuba phantse 100,000th corpus Russian-IsiNgesi.

Enye kumbiza France - eBavaria - babeza kuhlasela 85 kwibutho labasebenzi sewaka Austria phantsi umyalelo edume ngexesha Jikelele K. Mack. Ukunceda ngaphandle Russia wabeka phambili umkhosi M. I. Kutuzova. On top of Austria kweNkosana wayalela, enkqonkqoza ngaphandle French ukusuka kumantla eItali, ukuze aqale kuhambo noloyiso kwi kwintsimi French. Ukuba sikwazi ukubona ubuncinane isiqingatha kuhlelwa, amathokazi-lombutho 1805 kwedabi Austerlitz wayeza nje ukuba zenzeke. Kodwa isiphelo ubuya ukuba alahle indlela yaso.

Amabhongo yoMlawuli Russian

Ngeendlela ezininzi bakhonza ityala ngokoyiswa ikratshi ngokugqithisileyo le ambulensi ngoko abaselula banomdla emkhosini Lavrov Aleksandra I. eyiNtloko imikhosi MI Kutuzov sachasa ekulweni. I-Battle of Austerlitz, ngokokubona kwakhe, kwaba lilixa layo nje kuphela, kodwa yingozi Amanyeneyo. Wacebisa ukuba kuphambuko ngabom, apho baya kukwazi ukwenza olule kangangoko imikhosi utshaba kunokwenzeka kwaye zilisebenzise eli thuba zilinikiweyo kokufika ukusekelwa, ukuba sibenze lifu limnyama kwi nelisemihlubulweni.

Esi sicwangciso, esikhawulezayo brilliant uloyiso nengqiqo, kodwa elithembisayo, kokulahlwa umlawuli. Ababhali-mbali baliqabe ezi ziganeko kamva, abantu ngamxhelo ngokubona ukuba, nangona kweli dabi Austerlitz imikhosi Russian umthetho yi Kutuzov okunene izigqibo ezithathwe ngu Alexander. Ngelo lidabi kwangethuba kunye namahlakani wabongoza - i Austrians, njengoko Vienna ke ngelo xesha bengamabanjwa isiFrentshi, yaye benza konke okusemandleni ukuze ukukhululwa kwaso.

Izicwangciso okulwa of uNapoleon

Xa mdibi imikhosi idabi ngaphambi kwexesha, okungalungiselelwanga kwaye ngoko etshabalalisayo Austerlitz ngo-1805, emva koko kuba uNapoleon ukuba izigqibo ezichanekileyo Committe kuphela kwi imeko zelo xesha. ekuhloleni ngokugqibeleleyo le meko, wamisa ukwenzela ukuthintela iqhele utshaba, yaye ngaloo ndlela ngokuqinisa eyaqala ngawo. The French koMlawuli wayesazi ukuba namahlakani balindele indlela ukusekelwa ezibalulekileyo ukususela Prussia, ukulungele ukujoyina lo mfelandawonye anti-Napoleonic.

ukufunda Inkcukacha izenzo uNapoleon ejoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo, singakwazi kumangaliswa kuphela ukuba nokuqondisisa ndandihleli ngomnatha wakhe. Ngokunzulu izenzo wacinga-out wakwazi ukweyisela iingqwayi eManyeneyo benobulwelwe, babe, nazigqibo, kwaye injongo yokurhoxiswa. Ngaphezu koko, wada Bamqumbisa ukuba bathathe idabi ukuya phezulu kanye ezo zithuba ababenaye yinzuzo kuye.

town Nelinoxolo Slovaks

Ilizwe apho kwakukho imfazwe Austerlitz ngo-1805, ephethwe yi-Czech Republic namhlanje, yaye apho kwakukho kanye ilali wohlobo, awamnika igama layo ukuya kwenye amadabi mkhulu kwimbali, ngoku uphila idolophu ubomi encinane enoxolo aseSlovakia. Abakhenkethi, kanye apho, kunzima ukucinga ukuba kwiminyaka 210 eyadlulayo, ezi namasimi aluhlaza kunye neenduli beza kunye imikhosi amathathu anamandla eYurophu.

Ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha Idabi Austerlitz ngo-1805, umdla kuphela kubasebenzi emkhosini, siphawula kuphela zigaba eziphambili edabini. Ke kulula kakulu okuzibonela ezininzi kunye nxaxheba kwezi ziganeko. Okukhona ukuba idabi iminyaka emininzi iye sasingumba namanqaku amaninzi kunye nophando.

I-Battle of Austerlitz: ngokufutshane malunga amanqaku ayo aphambili

Ngoko ke, ngoDisemba 2, 1805. Oko yaqala ukulwa edume Austerlitz ngesibetho kwabona namahlakani ephangweni ekunene lutshaba, apho imikhosi umthetho yi Marshal Davoust. Emva isicwangciso, ephuhliswe buqu uNapoleon, emva ukumelana emfutshane, waqala siphumele, ibangela inxalenye Amanyeneyo ukuya intshutshiso nibaphanga kungena emathafeni mgxobhozo. Ngenxa yoko, i-French yakwazi kakhulu buthathaka embindini amabutho.

Njengokuba nditshilo ngaphambili, xa Idabi Austerlitz imikhosi Russian umthetho yi Kutuzov, kodwa ngoncedo lwe Alexander I, ukuba akanayo ngokupheleleyo linge. An umphathi wazibonela wayesazi ukuba utshaba lunghiselela ngumgibe, kodwa ukulululamela umlawuli, kwanyanzeleka ukuba anike ukuze balwe umncedisi layohlala. Ngenxa yezi zenzo indawo esembindini bonke bezimpi encedisayo baba ngamaxhoba lula yotshaba.

Ukubekwa ephangweni lasekhohlo Allied

UNapoleon akazange athandabuze ukuba ahlasele icandelo elibuthathaka ngayo imikhosi uqhankqalazo enye umphathi yakhe edumileyo - Marshal Soult. Yintoni eye yenzeka kukuba kwimbali yehlabathi amadabi idla kakhulu kwade ngokoyiswa bemikhosi. amajoni Amanyeneyo bahlabeka ngesiqingatha, yaye singqongwe ngalinye iinxalenye ngenxa ngumbane-fast uhlela yotshaba wonqanyulwa, angabikho ukusekelwa kunokwenzeka.

Kodwa iziganeko zigigaba ngexesha phantsi namahlakani iphiko ekhohlo. Ukuqhubeka ngokuchasene-mkhosi phantsi umyalelo kaMarshal Davoust, baba engxoweni lokwenene wafa ngaphantsi kwe-French emlilweni enzima. Ekutshatyalalisweni iyonke weza nokuhlangula ngexesha Wabasindisa soGuquko Guards, phantsi umyalelo Jikelele NI Depreradovicha. Bayithabatha ke umlilo utshaba, kunye nexabiso ezininzi amaxhoba banikwa ithuba lokufumana, ezingontsini umlilo engqongwe.

ERetreat, wasindisa umkhosi

Ziphephe ukwesaba eliyingozi Kwiimeko ezinjalo kubangelwa ubukhulu becala ukuba uzibambile kwaye likwazile ukufumana enye iinjengele kakhulu onamava Russian D. S. Dohturova. Wakwazi baphethe ukusuka kokusingqongileyo sele kunokuba olindelwe ezintlwini amajoni ukuba alungiselele ukuba nibuye umva, ukuze kulondolozwe umkhosi ukulwa lokulungela. Noko ke, ilahleko eManyeneyo baba kakhulu. Ababhali-mbali baqikelela ukuba ngaloo mini phezu entsimini yokulwa ababesele abantu amanga 27,000, kunye 21.000 kubo Russian.

Kodwa ke, ukufunda iinkcukacha Battle of Austerlitz ngo-1805, ababhali-mbali bayavuma ukuba ilahleko nokuba enkulu nobulingane kuphetshwe ngolwalathiso okhethwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokuhamba. Kwi iphiko lasekhohlo imikhosi encedisayo yenethiwekhi lonke amachibi, ebizwa Sychanske. Abazange nzulu, kwaye kukwangokusebenzisa bathuma layohlala umkhosi, Jikelele Dokhturov. Xa Amanyeneyo ukuwela, kwafumaniseka ukuba ibe ngaphaya kufikelela ngenxa yabatoli French, ngubani wagqiba ekubeni Maluwusukele utshaba nge xihinga emanzini.

Ukuphela Coalition yesiThathu

French Battle of Austerlitz yeendleko 12,000 ubomi, kodwa impumelelo yomkhosi kweli dabi ngeenxa lwabo, baphuma kuyo uloyiso. Elihlazo Amanyeneyo ngeendlela ezininzi batshintsha intsalela zezepolitiki eYurophu. Ukususela ngoku, uNapoleon Bonapart emlonyeni ukuthanda kwakhe abalawuli amagunya emikhulu. Ayikwazi ukuchacha ngokoyiswa Austria aphume umkhosi ngokusayina isivumelwano soxolo esibi kakhulu. Le manyano wesithathu anti-Napoleonic wawa ignominiously.

Xa iindaba kokoyiswa bafikelela Russia, oko bothuka lonke uluntu progressive. Kule minyaka ili-100 eziye ukususela iziganeko ebuhlungu Narva, apho uPetros ndiyazi ubukrakra boyisiwe, umkhosi Russian yayigqalwa gidi. Glorious era yeVictorian of uKumkanikazi Elizabeth kunye Catherine II yamkele baseRashiya ukuba bakholwe invincibility komkhosi wakhe. Noko ke, njengoko bexesha uqaphele iindaba kabuhlungu akazange ndiyihlungule komoya wobuzwe okanye umkhosi, okanye abantu.

Eshwankathela eli phulo emkhosini, ababhali-mbali baye bazama ukuphendula umbuzo: yintoni ekugqibeleni iphumelele kwaye balahleka 1805, uNapoleon? Idabi Austerlitz, ngokuqinisekileyo waqonda ngokoyisa misebenzi wakhe wamajoni, kodwa akazange avumele ukuba kuphunyezwe injongo engundoqo - ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo bemikhosi lilungu mfelandawonye nakuwubona. Kuba kangangexesha elithile uNapoleon waba njengozwilakhe Europe, kodwa ke yonke imihla ekugqibeleni kuzisa ngakumbi Waterloo, apho ngo-1815 wayemiselwe ngonaphakade eziwela inkwenkwezi esiyibona Corsican.