I-clevever ehambayo ibonakalisa ubugcisa kunye ne tatto

Iqhosha elijikelezayo kwiifomu eziqhelekileyo ngathi sibonakala kwintandathu yeshumi elinesibhozo, xa kuzalwa umculo onomculo. Kodwa i-prehistory yayo yaqala ekupheleni kwe-yokuqala yesibini neyesibini yeminyaka eyi-AD. Emva koko umongameli waseBenictine uGuido wase-Arezzo kwiphondo laseNtaliyane yaseToscany weza nendlela yokurekhoda umculo ngamanqaku. Ukuqhayisa isandi, omnye wayedala isimboli.

Amanqaku kwimeko yabo yangoku afuneka kuphela kuGuido d'Arezzo. Emva koko, inkqubo yokurekhoda komculo yaphuculiswa, kodwa le monki yabeka isiseko. Ekuqaleni komgca wabhala phantsi incwadi yesiLatini ngenqaku, apho ingoma yaqala khona. Incwadi G, emele "ityuwa", ibanjwe njengomboniso wecraft.

Nguwuphi umsebenzi walo? Kulaba bahlanu abalawuli bomculo womculo, unokufaka iimpawu zomculo ezilishumi elinanye . Intambo ehambayo ibonisa ukuba ngubani umbusi (wesibini ukusuka ngasezantsi) "ityuwa" ye-octave yokuqala. Uluhlu lwamanqaku aphantsi kwabalawuli abahlanu xa ukurekhoda ngekrele elihambayo lanele ngokwaneleyo kwizixhobo ezininzi zomculo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho konke oku kufanelekileyo. Kukho izixhobo eziphantsi kakhulu kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, izandi eziphezulu. Ukuba urekhoda ingoma yabo, kuya kufuneka usebenzise abalawuli abongezelelweyo. Zingaba zivela ngaphantsi okanye zivela phezulu. Xa ufunda iingoma ezivela kwiphepha, kunzima kakhulu. Ukuze urekhode umculo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, iqhosha elihambayo alizange lilungiswe kakuhle. Ngoko ke, ezinye iimpawu zolu hlobo zenziwe. I-bass, alto, tenor nezinye izitshixo.

Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kwabo? Ikhonkco ebalulekileyo ibonisa apho inqaku elithi "fa" lisekho encinci (elilandelayo ukusuka kweyokuqala) kwi-octave. Kukwinqanaba lesibini lomlawuli. I-baritone iphakamileyo kakhulu kunokuba i-bass, ngoko ke inqaku elifanayo libekwa kumlawuli ophakathi ngundoqo we-baritone. Isimboli se-alto sibeka inqaku "phambi" kwe-octave yokuqala kumgca ofanayo. Kutheni oku kwenzekayo? Inyaniso kukuba i-viola iphezulu kune-baritone okanye i-tenor.

Kuzonke, iishumi elinanye kwisitshixo ezisetyenziswa ngoku. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwakuninzi kakhulu kubo, kodwa kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa lo bugcisa, ininzi yabo yaphela ngokungadingekile. Ukurekhoda okuphezulu (ngomzondo womculo) isandi, i-soprano okanye iqhosha elihambayo lisetyenzisiweyo. Unenqaku "kwi" octave yokuqala kumlawuli wokuqala ukusuka ngasezantsi.

I-cleft ye-treble ayifanele ukurekhoda iinxalenye zezixhobo zokudlala. Ngenxa yoko, uphawu oluthile "olungathathi hlangothi" lusetyenziswa. Emva kwakho konke, ngenxa yezixhobo zokudlala, ingcamango ye-pitch ayithethi nto. Into ephambili apha isingqimba nokuphakama. Ibhalwa kwiinguqulelo ezimbini.

Kwiimeko zokuqala, ezi zimbini zemizila ejikelezayo, ephumla kwiziphelo zemiqolo yesibini neyesine yabasebenzi bomculo, kwaye kwesibili - ixande elixilisiweyo, ngokungafihli ukuya kumigca ephezulu.

Ukuthandwa kweqhosha le-violin njengomqondiso womculo kubangele nefashoni yokubhala tattoo. Phakathi kwezixhobo zomculo, uthathwa njengomntu wobugcisa kwaye ubonisa ubunini bomnikazi we tattoo ephathekayo kubantu bobugcisa. Kodwa "kummandla" we tattoo, "intambo ehambayo" inokuba nengcaciso ehluke ngokupheleleyo. Kuya kuzisa umntu owenza ngokugqithiseleyo itekisi ngendlela yoluphawu lwomculo, inkathazo eninzi. Njengomthetho, uhlaselwa ngamadoda angqingili.

Nangona kunjalo, uluvo lwentlalo yolwaphulo-mthetho malunga nalo tattoo alugqitywanga. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeka kwindawo yokufaka izicelo kunye nemifanekiso emibala, i-cleft treble nayo ithetha ukuba umnini wayo unomdla, ubomi bezilwanyana zasendle. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso lephutha kule meko likhulu kakhulu, ngoko ke amabanjwa amaninzi nakwezinye iindawo zokuvalelwa angakhethi ukudibanisa ne tatto.