I-Copper Chloride

Into ebhanini yethusi ye-chloride (monochloride), eline-CuCl, i-hydrochloric acid ityuwa. Lo mgubo ngokuqhelekileyo umhlophe okanye uhlaza, ungenakunqunyulwa kakuhle emanzini. I-hue eluhlaza okwi-crystals ye-monochloride ichazwa ngobuninzi bezinto ezingcolileyo ze-divalent, ebizwa ngokuba yi-copper chloride ii.

Olu qhagamshelo lufunyenwe kuqala ngumkhandi omkhulu uRobert Boyle. Esi siganeko senzeke ixesha elide, ngo-1666, kwaye ukufumana isosayensi wasebenzisa ubhedu obunzima obunobumba kunye ne-divalent mercury chloride. Emva koko, ngo-1799, uJoseph Proust wahlula kwi-crystal monochloride ye-dichloride. Le mpendulo yayiyinkqubo yokutshisa ngokuthe ngcembe isisombululo, ngenxa yoko i-chloride yobhedu (II) yalahlekelwa yinxalenye ye-chlorine, malunga nesiqingatha sobukho bayo. Ukuhlukana kwe-dichloride kwi-monochloride yenziwa ngokuhlamba okuqhelekileyo.

I-Copper monochloride yinto ekhoyo emhlophe yecristalline, ekushiseni kwama-408 ° C, iguqula isimo se-crystal lattice. Ekubeni le ngqungquthe iyancibilika kwaye ibilise ngokungekho ngaphandle kokuqhekeka, ikhempi yekhempi yezinye iinkqubo ibhalwe phantsi kweCu2Cl2. I-Monochloride, nangona kunjalo, njengamanye amaninzi obhedu, inetyhefu.

I-kloridi yobhedu, ifom ebhaliweyo njengeC CuCl2, ngaphandle i-crystal eyodwa emnyama ebomvu. Xa udibanisa kunye neyona ncinane kakhulu yamanzi, iikristali zekhamdi zitshintsha umbala: ukusuka kumnyama omnyama ukuya eluhlaza, uze ube luhlaza. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba xa ungeze kakhulu i- hydrochloric acid kwisisombululo esinjalo , ama -crystals aya kubuya kwelinye lamazwe aphakathi-aya kuguqulwa.

Ingqungquthela ye-substance ingama-537 ° C, kwaye kwiqondo lokushisa lama-954-1032 ° C, liyabilisa. I-compound inqabile kwizinto ezinjengamanzi, utywala, i-ammonia. Ubunzima bayo buyi-3.054 g / cm3. Ngokuhlaziywa rhoqo kwesisombululo kunye nokugcina ubushushu kwi-25 ° C, i-molar conductivity yale nkunkuma ingama-265.9 cm2 / mol.

I-copper cloride iveliswa yi-chlorine yentsimbi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwebhedu (II) i- sulfate kunye ne- sulfuric acid. Imveliso yezoshishino isekelwe kwimingxube yokugcoba i-sulfide yethusi kunye ne-sodium chloride. Ngelo xesha, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka libe ngu-550-600 ° C ngexesha lokusabela, ngenxa yoko, ngaphezu kwelo lwazi ngokwawo, ubukho bezinto ezifana ne-HCl, i-gulf sulfur kunye ne-arsenic compounds kwi-gaseous state zifunyenwe. Kukho izakhiwo eziyaziwayo apho ukuveliswa kwe-chloride yethusi kuqhutyelwa ngokuqalisa ukutshintshiselana phakathi kwe-copper sulfate ne-BaCl2.

Kwiqondo lokushisa lika-993 ° C, loo nto iyancipha kwiCocCl no-Cl2, ukunyunwa kwayo kwizisombululo ezinamandla kubonakaliswe ngu:

- xa ichithwe kwisisombululo esinomlinganiselo weqondo lokushisa ngama-25-degree, i-77.4 gram ye-chloride yethusi ichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwi-100 grams yamanzi;

- xa isisombululo sifinyelela kwiqondo lokushisa lama-100 ° C, iigrimu ezili-120 zezinto ezichithwa kuyo. Kwiimeko zombini, kucingwa ukuba ubuninzi beC CuCl2 bunye.

I-copper cloride isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-catalyst yechempiki, inxalenye yamanxube e-pyrotechnic, ekuveliseni iindidi ezinobumba bamaminerali. Njengesixazululo se- ammonia, sisetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya i-flue gas analyzer, sinceda ekubaleni ukugxilwa kwabo kunye nezinga le-carbon dioxide. I-Dichloride isetyenziswe kwaye njengento yokuqhuba i-oksijini kwizigaba ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuveliswa kweekhemikhali, ezobugcisa, ngokomzekelo, ziqhelekileyo kwimveliso yeeyayi edayi.

Ityuwa ye-chloride yethusi, kuyo yonke into enzima yokuyi-solubility, iyakwazi ukwakha uluhlu lwe-crystalline hydrates. Kule meko, isisombululo esisisigxina sezinto ezinokukwazi ukufaka i-nitrogen oxide, esifumana isicelo esikhulu ekuveliseni iziyobisi kunye nakucandelo likhemikhali.