I-cyborg yi ... Ngubani ama-cyborgs kwiibhayisikobho kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla

Uninzi lwa maxhoba oluntu ludibene nenkqubela yezobugcisa. A ndi kholelwa? Khangela izibalo: inani labafayo kwiingozi zeemoto liphezulu kakhulu kunani lokufa ngenxa yokuwa kwehashe. Umntu wanamhlanje ujikelezwe ngamacala ngamacinci-ababulali: ukusuka kubanini beebhula kwi-yokuhlambela ukuya kumaTV, anokutshabalalisa. Iingqungquthela zide zisombulula le ngxaki: ukuze ungesabi uomatshini, omnye kufuneka abe yi-automaton ngokwakhe. Ngendlela, umntu we-cyborg unokukwazi ukuba yinyani kwixesha elizayo. Emva koko, inkqubela ayiyi kuqhubeka. I-Cyborg - ngubani lo? Masibhale phantsi.

Ba phakathi kwethu

Ngoko, ezininzi ze-cyborg - yiRobocop, i-Terminator kunye nabanye abalinganiswa ukusuka kwisikrini. Masikhumbule into ecacileyo kunye nenkolo yabo.

I-Terminator (umzekelo weT800). Le cyborg eyaziwayo yadlalwa nguArnold Schwarzenegger. Udumo lwakhe "ndiya kubuya" kwaye "Hasta la vista, umntwana" uyazi zonke izinto, kwanabo abangazange babone le saga. Ifilimu yayiyimpumelelo enkulu, ngoko ababhali basusile ngaphezu kwesinye. Kwaye ngo-2015, inxalenye elandelayo ye "Terminator" icwangciswe.

URobocop ngumapolisi we-cyborg. Ngaphantsi kwimeko yenziwe yinkampani "OSR", kwaye isiseko sasingumsebenzi weSebe lePolisa u-Alex Murphy. Ifilimu yafotshwa ngo-1987, kwaye ngowama-2014 i-remake yakhe yakhululwa.

Omnye umfanekiso oye waqaphela ukuba yiyona "i-Universal Soldier": i-cyborg Van Damme ihamba ne-cyborg yaseLundgren.

Kodwa nangoko umntu wokuqala we-cyber-man kwi-movie wayengekho i-Terminator okanye i-Robocop, njengokuba unokucinga, kodwa umlingisi we-snoring kunye nomkhwelo ovela kwi "Star Wars". Lo ngu-Anakin Skywalker, nokuba yintoni eyashiywe kuye, edibene kwisitulo esikhethekileyo sokuxhasa ubomi. Nguyena owabeka indlela yazo zonke ezinye "abahlobo" kwi-cinema enkulu. Uluhlu lwamacandelo "Ugqirha Ngubani" naye uchaza ngokuvukela kwama-cyborgs avela kwiplanethi ye-10 ye-Solar System.

Nangona kunjalo, i-cinema ayiyona yodwa indawo ye-cyber-people. Zizo maninzi zifumaneka kwihlabathi lemidlalo yokulwa (imidlalo yekhompyutheni) - iMortal Kombat, uMoya Calibur nabanye. Namhlanje zonke iintlobo zabaqulunqi, amathoyizi, iifayile, njl njl. Zithandwa kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ityala le-cyborg.

I sigama

Qonda ixesha. Ngomntu oqhelekileyo, i-cyborg ngumntu ophilayo; Ukuba nomzimba womatshini. Eli gama lalibonakala kwindawo ethile kwiminyaka engama-60. Igama elithi "cyborg" liqukethe iimbono ezimbini. Iyokuqala i-cybernetic (i-cybernetic), okwesibini ngumzimba (umzimba). Eli gama libhekisela "kwimizimba ephilayo", ephuculwe ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezizodwa zemishini.

Inkqubela yezobugcisa inokwakheka ngokukhethekileyo: umnqweno wokuncinci. Ngoko, iifowuni ezinkulu zifakwe kwiifowuni ezincinci, esiziphethe nathi nsuku zonke. Abadlali, iwashi, iifowuni, iipilisi - namhlanje umntu ongenabo, njengengenabo izandla. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu kunye neteknoloji ziguqulela kunye. Kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva kuya kuba yinto yokuqala ye-cyborgs yangempela.

Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngendlela, sele sele ikhona namhlanje. Laba bantu banxiba iiprothetic, i-pacemakers, iipatane zamathambo, amathambo, izixhobo zokuvalelwa, ii-lens kunye namazinyo e-ceramic, emva kwayo yonke into. Kwaye khawucinge ukuba kwindawo ethile kukho umntu oye wafaka zonke ngexesha elifanayo. Ngaba akusiyo i-cyborg?

Namhlanje, umntu onje, kunoko, umntu okhubazekileyo kunomdlali ophezulu kwikrini. Nangona iifayile ezifakekayo zihlawulisa iimpazamo, kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha imeko iya kutshintsha. Oku kunokukhokelela ekukhuleni komzimba womntu.

Robot okanye i-cyborg

I-cyborg - ngubani lo? Umzimba ophilileyo apho izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo zifakelwe khona? Okanye i-robot enezinto eziphilayo? Ekuqaleni i-cyborg yayibizwa ngokuba ngumntu owayesecaleni lokufa. Zonke izixhobo zogqirha zamkhonza njengenxalenye yento ayengenayo ngenxa yeemeko ezithile. Izifakelo zobugcisa zezandla, iinyawo, izitho zangaphakathi, njl. Namhlanje ama-cyborg ayebizwa ngokuba ngamarobhothi angenanto, angakaze abe ngumntu. Ngokomzekelo, i-terminators ye-saga eponymous. Kodwa kusenjalo.

I-Terminators (T800, umzekelo) kunye nabanye abanjengomatshini, iirobhothi. I-Cyborgs yinto yokuqala, phambili, abantu, eziphilayo eziphilayo. Ngoko ke, ukubiza i-terminator i-cyborg ayilungile. Apha igama elithi "android" liya kuba lifanelekileyo.

Limbs

Kule minyaka engama-50 edluleyo, uluntu luye lwaqhubeka kwintsimi yendalo. Namhlanje, kunokwenzeka ukufaka endaweni engama-60% omzimba womntu. Iimpumelelo eziphambili zikwindawo yokudala izitho zomzimba. Innovation yayikudalwa kwe-Touch Bionics bionic prosthesis i-Limb. Esi sixhobo sinakho ukufunda iimpawu zomsila ukusuka kwisigxina esisele kunye nokutolika ukunyuka komntu ozama ukuzenza.

Ingqungquthela yokuqulunqa yinto engumzimba, emele i-Agency Technology Technology (iDARPA). Ubungqina beli prothesis kukuba lulawulwa ngengqondo! I sixhobo sixhunyiwe kwiisisipha ze-muscle, ngoko sifunda ingqondo yengqondo. Oku, akunjalo, akukuphela kokuphuhliswa kule ndawo. Kodwa zonke zinamafutha aqhelekileyo okunciphisa: iindleko eziphezulu kunye nobunzima obusebenzayo.

Amathambo

Okwangoku, oku kungena endaweni elula kunayo nayiphi na emzimbeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, amathambo asebenzayo avela kwi-titanium. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ukusetyenziswa kokushicilelwa kwe-3D kuye kwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi, izixhobo zeplastiki ezichanekileyo ziye zasetyenziswa.

Umsebenzi wokomeleza i-squelet is in full swing. Izazinzulu ziphuhlisa iteknoloji entsha: ukuqiniswa kwethambo elithile kunye ne-titanium powder kunye ne-polyurethane ene-foam. Oku kufuneka kuvumeleke ukuba isakhiwo esixhamlayo siphumelele ukuba sikhule kunye namathambo esithambo, okuza kubakhokelela ekuqiniseni i-skeleton. Akukaziwa ukuba ngaba ezi phuhliso zingagqitywa ngempumelelo kwaye zifumane isicelo esisebenzayo, kodwa le ngcamango ifanelekile.

Amalungu

Ukuzalisa ngokufanelekileyo izitho zangaphakathi zomntu kunzima kakhulu kunamathambo okanye izitho. Nangona kunjalo, nakhu apha inkqubela ayisayi kuqhubeka. Iyeza eliphambili kakhulu kwintsimi yentliziyo. Yaye yonke imihla le teknoloji iya kuba ngcono. Iingcali zenzululwazi zixela ukudala kwamehlo ezinobuchule kunye nezintso. Kukho impumelelo ekusebenzeni nesibindi. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziphuhliso nje.

Izifundo zesisu, isisindo, isimiso se-lymphatic, i-spleen kunye ne-gall bladder zicwangciswe kungekudala. Kwaye kuthiwani ngelungu elibaluleke kakhulu nelincomekayo lomzimba womntu?

Ubunzima

Oku mhlawumbi ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Kukho amanyathelo amabini. Iyokuqala yendalo yolwazi. Okwesibini kukuveliswa kwesakhiwo sengqondo ngokwayo. Iinjineli ezisebenzisa iteknoloji yekhompyutheni zizama ukuphinda ziphendulele inethiwekhi ye- neural yecandelo lokucinga lomntu. Nangona kunjalo, zide zivela kwingqondo. Umzekelo, i-software simulator ye-Spaun yeeyure eziyi-2.5 ixeliwe ukuba yintoni ilungu lethu eliphambili elizalisa kwisibini. Enye iphrojekthi ebizwa ngokuthi i-SyNAPSE inokulinganisa malunga ne-530 billion neurons, ngaloo ndlela ishiya emva kwengqondo ngamaxesha angama-1500.

Nangona kunjalo, ukwenza i-network ye-neural akuyo yonke into. Kufuneka kwenziwe "ukucinga". Wena. Yenza ingqiqo yolwazi. Kule nqanaba kusekho nto. Kukho inkqubela ephambili kwi-Apple - oko kuthiwa yiSiri. Kodwa yikho konke. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezininzi izazinzulu ziphakamisa ukungathandabuzeki ukuba kweli nqanaba lophuhliso, uluntu luyakwazi into enje.

I-cyborg - ngaba yinyani?

Ngoko ubuninzi bomntu obusondele ekudaleni i-cyborg yangempela kunye nengqondo ephilayo kunye nomzimba wesinyithi? Impendulo ingaba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini eyalandelayo, akunakwenzeka ubuchwepheshe.

Kukho uluvo lokuba kwii-cyborgs ezizayo ziyakwazi ukukhula ngokwaneleyo kwiziko lebhubhoratri, kwaye kungekhona isinyithi. "Abantu" abanjalo baya kuphucula ubuchule. Kodwa kufuneka babizwe njani ngoko?

Kodwa nangona kunjalo isizathu esiyinhloko ukungafuni abantu ukuba bamkele ukuba khona kwe-cyber-people. Khumbula ukuba uluntu olunzima luye lwaqhelana njani nembono yokwenza i-cloning. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba oku akunjalo kwaye akuchasene nentando yoMdali. Abanye baxhaswa ngoloyiko lwekamva labo, abamele ukuvuswa kwama-cyborgs nokutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ewe, le ngcamango inebancedisi abaninzi. Kodwa, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuya kuthatha ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi ukuya kutshatyalaliswa intlukwano yoluntu kunye nenkolo.

Namhlanje, uphuhliso lwe-biotechnology lusekuqaleni. Ngako oko, kunzima ukucinga nokuba yintoni i-cyborg yekamva ifana nayo. Kodwa into enye icacile, ukuba i-poborg-polisi eyaziwayo iya kuhlala ingummangali womlawuli wefilimu, ongekho ukulungiselela.