I-Didactics yinto enzima kwaye inomdla

I-Didactics yenye yeengxenye ze-pedagogy ejongene nomxholo jikelele wokufundisa kunye nemfundo. Umbhali weli gama uthathwa ngokuba nguWatke - utitshala owaziwayo waseJamani. Waqala wasebenzisa igama elithi "didactics" kwiinkqubo zakhe. Imvelaphi yegama ngokwayo idibene neGrike "didaktikos" kunye ne "didasko", oku kuthetha "ukuhambelana nokufunda," kunye nobugcisa bokufundisa, ukubonisa, ukucacisa.

Iidacati njengezesayensi

I-Didactics iyayilwa yenzululwazi, kwaye ayihlolisisi nje ingcamango, kodwa nayo iyindlela yokufundisa. Njengazo nayiphi na isayensi, i-didactics nayo inesihloko sayo nento. Esi sifundo siyimfundo, yindlela yokufundisa nemfundo. Injongo yinkqubo yokwenene yokufunda kunye nayo yonke imiba yabo: imimandla, iimpawu, iziqhelo. Ukuthetha ngokufundisa njengengundoqo eyintloko ye-theory, i-didactics inceda ukuphendula imibuzo malunga nokuba yintoni na indlela yokufundisa? Ukulungiselela inkqubo yemfundo esemgangathweni kunye nokukhuliswa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube ne-didactics. Uqeqesho luyinzala ebalulekileyo kuye. Ngokukodwa uye wanyusa kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kuba inani lolwazi kunoma yiphina indawo yolwazi landa kwaye luvuselela ngokukhawuleza.

Ii-didactics eziqhelekileyo nezangasese. Imisebenzi yayo

I-general didactics yinkcazo ebanzi, njengoko inomdla kuyo, yiziphi iinjongo kunye nendlela yokufundisa abafundi ngokupheleleyo kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo nakwizifundo zonke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iindlela zokufunda (i-didactics yangasese), ukuphuhlisa isiseko sokufundisa imfundo ethile. Zomibini ezi zinto zihambelane: izinto eziqhelekileyo njengeziseko zabucala kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kusekelwe kwiziphumo zophando. Imisebenzi ephambili ye-didactics yinkcazo kunye nenkcazo yenkqubo yokufunda, isiphakamiso seemeko zokuphunyezwa kwayo, ukuveliswa kweenkqubo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe bezoqeqesho.

Iinkqubo zeDaactic

I-Didactics yinkqubo, kwaye kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeendlela: i-traditional, pedocentric kunye neyenamhlanje. Kwinkqubo yendabuko, indima ephambili inikwe uotitshala kunye nemisebenzi yakhe. Kumele enze kwifom hhayi nje kuphela ngolwazi lwezobugcisa kunye nezakhono ezisebenzayo, kodwa kunye neziphakamiso zokuziphatha. Iyasetyenziswa kakhulu, ichanekisiwe, kodwa ingummeli. Ephakathi kwenkqubo ye-pedocentric ngumntwana. Inkqubo yokufunda ixhomekeke kwizikhundla zakhe kunye neminqweno, ulwazi lufumene kwinkqubo yomsebenzi. Kodwa i-systematization ilahlekile, izinto ezikhethiweyo zikhethiweyo. Inkqubo ye-didactic yanamhlanje idibene nezona zimbini eziphambili.

UJan Amo of Comenius

Nguye umbhali womsebenzi othi "i-Greatacaster", apho waqala ukuyifaka njengenkqubo yolwazi lwesayensi. Okubaluleke kakhulu yimigaqo ye-didactic ebekwe nguye . Izinto eziphambili ngumgaqo wokucaca, ukuhambelana, uqeqesho olufanelekileyo nolwenokwenzeka, ukuqonda ukufundisa, ukuphuhliswa kwamakhono okuqonda kunye namandla okuqonda . Kwakuyi-Comenius owayecebisa inkqubo yezemfundo yeklasi, esasetyenziswa namhlanje.