Learning Theory and Types Yalo

theory Learning - yinxalenye akangaphandle inzululwazi pedagogy. Oku ebizwa kwakhona didactics (ukusuka Greek "didaktikos" - ukufundisa, eyalela). Ootitshala kwizikolo yamandulo eGrisi ekuthiwa Didascalia, njengokuba babenjalo phantsi komsebenzi ukunika nje kuphela abantu abatsha ulwazi oluthile, kodwa ukuba nabo abemi okwenyaniso. Ngokuthe ngcembe, ngolwimi oluthethwayo le nto iye yaba intsingiselo ngendelelo: "umnqweno zonke ukufundisa, moralizatorstvovat kakhulu".

Kodwa ke umfundisi waseJamani B. Rathke babuyela kule kota ixabiso ezilahlekileyo - imfundo okanye mbono yesayensi yokufunda. Umsebenzi Yana Amosa Comenius "didactics Enkulu" ibonisa ukuba le mbono asisebenzi kuphela abantwana esikolweni, "yena ofundisa macala onke, 'kodwa ngenxa yokuba bonke. Eneneni, ngethuba ebomini bethu, yonke imihla sifunda into entsha, yaye safunda indlela kakuhle inkcazelo kuxhomekeke indlela lokufaka yayo. Iindlela, ubuchule kunye neentlobo didactics eziveliswe ezifana izazinzulu abadumileyo njengoko VI kwixesha elizayo Zagvyazinsky, IJ Lerner, IP Podlas and JK Babanskii.

Ngenxa yoko, ithiyori mihla yokufundisa uphonononga intsebenziswano kunye nobudlelwane "wabafundisa" befundisa ukuba umsebenzi ngokwasengqondweni besikolo. Ijolise ekuphuculeni inkqubo yezemfundo, ukuphuhliswa olutsha olusebenzayo technologies zokufundisa. Ukongeza, ukuba achaze aze acacise inkqubo ndikhuliswe kunye nemfundo. Ngokomzekelo, didactics kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo enkqubo yemfundo ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela umsebenzi cognitive: utitshala - abafundi; umfundi - le ncwadi; umntwana - yeklasi kunye nabanye.

Ngenxa yoko, imfundiso ukufunda ithi siye na ulwazi wendele ngokwabo, kungekhona lodwa kodwa ngomanyano kunye nemigaqo zidle kwaye izicelo zazo ngokoqobo. isayensi nganye ukondla yayo ngqo: physics, chemistry, kunye nezinye iinkalo efakiwe zahlukile ngokwesiseko inkqubo umculo okanye bulumko ekufundeni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, didactics zezifundo yabela ubuchule. Ukongeza, kukholeleka ukuba le inzululwazi lenza imisebenzi ezimbini eziphambili: theory (nika abafundi iingqiqo ngokubanzi) kunye practical (Ivuselela ngezakhono ezithile).

Kodwa akufuneki ngoyaba owona msebenzi ubalulekileyo pedagogy - semfundo elizimeleyo. Umntu kufuneka ungafundi kuphela ulwazi sethiyori kusebenza kuzo njengoko wachaza ukuba utitshala, kodwa indlela ebubuchule yokusetyenziswa kwezi mbono kunye nezenzo yokuqala ukwenzela ukuba udale into entsha. Le ndawo pedagogy ngokuba 'imfundiso imfundo yophuhliso. " iziseko zawo wabeka phambili kwi Pestalozzi ngenkulungwane XVIII, echaza ukuba umntu kwasekuzalweni wabeka ukubabela kophuhliso. Umsebenzi katitshala - ukunceda ukuphuhlisa ezi zakhono ngokupheleleyo.

pedagogy eSoviet yayisekelwe kwi siseko ukuba imfundo kunye nolwazi kufuneka ube phambili, ukuba ukukhokela uphuhliso iziphiwo iitalente zabafundi. Ngoko ke, ithiyori yokufunda zasekhaya isekelwe phezu kwale mithetho-siseko ilandelayo: inqanaba eliphezulu kwakunzima yonke iklasi (ebalwe phezu abantwana ezininzi unesiphiwo); nezo izinto theoretical; fast ngokukhawuleza ukufunyanwa izinto; ulwazi lwabafundi zenkqubo yokufunda ngokwayo. uqeqesho Ukuphuhlisa ingqalelo isakhono umfundi "isabhokhwe" kwazo ngokupheleleyo.