Isitembu sikaFaro Amenemhet III kunye neminye imiboniso yeHolo yamaYiputa yaseHermitage

Umfanekiso kaFaro Amenemhet III ungomnye wemiboniso eyintloko yeholo laseYiputa leHermitage. Kugcinwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye, mhlawumbi, kukuhlobisa kwayo. Kodwa, ngaphezu koko, iimyuziyam iqulethe ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zenkcubeko.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

Izithethe zaseYiputa ziphakathi kweyona endala kunazo zonke kwihlabathi. Inkcubeko yeli lizwe lihlukile kuba likhona ixesha elide - malunga newaka elinesine. Ngoxa abanye, umzekelo, isiGrike-kuphela ezimbini zeminyaka. Ukongezelela, uye wagcina izikhumbuzo ezikhethiweyo kunye nezinto zokusebenza. Benza ukuba kube lula ukugweba inzululwazi yesityebi, imbono yehlabathi yokuqala. Enye yeengcamango eziphambili kwimbono yehlabathi laseYiputa kwakukholelwa ekungafi komphefumlo, ngokokuba ngamnye wabameli belo hlanga wayelungiselela ukutshintshela emva kokufa ubomi bonke. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni imikhosi yemingcwabo, ukungcwaba kwadlala indima enkulu kwinkcubeko yabo.

Ukungcwaliswa kwenkcubeko

Enye into ebonakalayo yobomi babo bezopolitiko kunye neenkcubeko kunye nokuziphatha kwabalawuli, umzekelo wesimo sikaFaro Amenemhet III. Ngendlela, yagcinwa kwimeko enhle. Ngokumalunga nenkolelo emva kokufa, amaYiputa ayeke emva kwezinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezigcinwe kwiHermitage. I-Stelae, imidwebo eneemfesane zamaxhoba kunye namagama amabhalo angcwele nawo agcinwe.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

IHolo yamaYiputa yasungulwa ngumakhi uA. Sivkov ngowe-1940 kwindawo ye-buffet e-Winter Palace. Eli gumbi linika imbali kunye nezokwakheka kweli phuhliso ukusuka kwi-4th millennium BC. Inomdla obalaseleyo kukubonakaliswa koBukumkani obudala, kunye namaxesha alandelayo: iPtolemaic kunye namaRoma, ixesha lolawulo lwaseByzantine.

Ukususela kwimali yokugqibela egcinwe ngemali yemali yaseAlexandria neAlexandriya kunye nemifanekiso yabalawuli. Ngamaholo eHermitage umntu unokugweba ubuncwane beqoqo eqokelelwe apha. Inomdla othile kukuqokelelwa kwezinto zakudala zeCoptic, ezithe zafunyanwa kwaye zenziwa yi-Bock. Wahamba kunye neli lizwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ukongezelela ekufunyanweni kweentlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo, wabuye watyelela ii-monasteries zeMvuphu neyeMhlophe, kunye ne-necropolis, apho wayefunde khona imibhalo.

Imiboniso

Imiboniso yaseYiputa yaseHermitage ihluke kakhulu. Lo mfanekiso omkhulu, kunye neeplastiki encinci, kunye nezinto zekhaya, kunye nokulungiswa kwemvelo, kunye nemibhalo, imidwebo, imifanekiso. Ukongezelela, kukho imimmo egcinwe. Indawo ekhethekileyo ibanjwe izinto zezenkolo nezithethe. Ngokomzekelo, apha unokumthanda umzobo we-Ipi (i-XIV inkulungwane BC). Ubonisa umlobi kaTsar, umqhubi wezinto zokukhanya kunye nomphathi oyintloko wendlu. Uboniswa phambi koothixo bamahedeni uAnubis.

Okukugqibela kuboniswe ngentloko yejack ebhanti, intonga ngakwesinye icala kunye ne-hieroglyph ekhethekileyo efanekisela ubomi baseYiputa baseYiputa. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi-ankhom. Isibalo se-Anubis sibhalwa ngokucophelela kwaye senziwa ngembala yendabuko, apho babhala khona oothixo baseYiputa: obuluhlaza kunye nohlaza. Umbhali wezithombe, ngokuchaseneyo, ucebise ngakumbi. Unxibe iikhati eneemikhono emininzi kunye neepronsi. I-stele ibonisa isikhephe esibingelelwayo, kukho imibhalo yokubaluleka kwesiqhelo, kunye nezihloko kunye nezihloko ze-Ipi ngokwazo zidweliswe.

Umfanekiso

Indawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwi-exposure ihlala ngumfanekiso kaFaro Amenemhet III. Njengoko sele kukhankanywe ngasentla, kugcinwa kakuhle kwaye ikuvumela ukuba ugwebe ukuba ukubaluleka kwamaYiputa asekuqaleni kwakungenxa yokungcwaliswa kwabalawuli babo. Lo pharao wayengummeli wesibini, ubukhosi ngexesha loBukumkani boMbindi (iXIX yeXestile BC). Ngaphantsi kwakhe, umbuso waseYiputa wafumana amandla amakhulu, oko, ngokukodwa, okwakuboniswa ekwakheni okukhulu.

Oku kubaluleke ngokukwakhiwa kwethempeli elikhulu lomngcwabo kwindawo ye-Fayum oasis, eyayibizwa ngamaGrike asendulo ngokuthi "labyrinth". Isifanekiso sikaFaro Amenemhet III senziwa kwizithethe zango-Matshi, iimpawu ngexesha lolawulo luka-Akhenaten. Unobuso obubhaliweyo. Umbhali wanikela ingqwalasela enkulu ekuveliseni ukufaniswa kweefoto, okwakusenyathelo eliphambili ngokumalinganisa nobugcisa boBukumkani boMandulo.

I-musculature echanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo. I-Amenemhet 3 iboniswa kwiingubo ezilula: kuyo iipronsi kunye ne-headcarf ekhethekileyo yingubo yendabuko yabalawuli be -harahara. Amehlo athile ngokucatshulwa kakuhle, oko, ngenxa yemveliso yabo, bakhangeleka ukubukeka. Isohlwayo lenziwe ngesitayela somdabu: lichanekile, lincinci, elihambelana neengcamango zamaYiputa asekuqaleni malunga nobukhulu obuphezulu bukaFaro, umfanekiso wakhe ukubonisa amandla kunye nobukhulu belizwe laseYiputa.

Ezinye izifundo

Omnye umboniso okhangele ingqalelo ngumfanekiso wodadekazi waseYiputa waseMakedeni. Kuboniswa ngentloko yeengonyama, kuba abantu baseYiputa bammelela ngeliso elibi lelanga. Babecinga ukuba unkulunkulukazi weemfazwe kwaye bakholelwa ukuba unokubangela ukugula nokuphilisa. Ngoko ke, wayeyithathwa njengogqirha oogqirha.

Intloko yengonyama ebungqina iqinisekisa ukuba kumaYiputa amandulo ayemelwe njengamandla atyala. Ngoko zonke iintlekele zelizwe - indlala, iimfazwe, iimfazwe, izifo ezibangelwa yizilwelwe-abahlali babonwa njengesijeziso. Omnye umboniso ngumama ogcobileyo wombingeleli, obonisa ukuba ubugcisa bokumisa umfutho abusebenziswanga kuphela kumaharahara, kodwa kubantu abacebileyo.