Icon "Umgwebo Wokugqibela": ixabiso. Icon ye uMgwebo Last: Inkcazo

Icon ye uMgwebo Last yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye ebalulekileyo Orthodox. Lo mzobo isiganeko eziya kwenzeka emva ukufika yesibini ka-Yesu Kristu. Bakholelwa ukuba xa umntu ngamnye wamzisa phambi kwejaji, elowo uya kwamkela ishishini lakhe, afanelwe.

Ukubonakala sebali kunye icons umfanekiso wokuqala

Yintoni uthini imvelaphi eli bali ku ubuKristu? Kukholelwa ukuba lisekhona okokuqala ezi iingoma avele iindonga zendlu kuBukhosi baseByzantium ukuya kwixesha iinkolelo. Baya asusela ngenkulungwane yesine. Imifanekiso zokuqala wachaza Kumzekeliso weentombi ezinyulu ezilishumi, kwaye ukungcola wezimvu neebhokhwe (abangendawo kunye amalungisa). Kuphela yi ngenkulungwane yesibhozo umfanekiso yaseByzantium iye yasekwa, apho kamva waba eziphefumlelweyo. Le indlela i icon ye Umgwebo Wokugqibela.

ERashiya, ezi imifanekiso ikhona phantse ukususela ekuqaleni ubhaptizo kwaye ibaluleke ekhethekileyo Orthodox.

Yintoni eyayiphembelela imbonakalo sebali

Ngeendlela ezininzi, ibali icon ye yoMgwebo Last lithatyathwe ukusuka iVangeli kunye Apocalypse, kwakunye nezinye iincwadi zamandulo waseByzantium neRashiya, ezifana :. Igama palladium Mnich, iLizwi Efrema Sirina, The Life of Basil Entsha, njl Kwakhona nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kuye neyeSityhilelo .

Enye imithombo zibalulekileyo apho ukupeyinta icon ye Umgwebo Wokugqibela, waye ngokokutyhilwa umprofeti uDaniyeli. imibono yakhe abajongwa ebalulekileyo kwi-Orthodox, ochazwe kwincwadi yomprofeti. Ezinye mibala kuye aze asiwe kwisiqwenga icon ye Umgwebo Wokugqibela, oko kukuthi, abo wayethetha ngesiphelo sehlabathi kunye nokuza kukaYesu.

Kwisiqwenga icon ye yoMgwebo Last eRashiya

ERashiya, ibali okokuqala ibhalwe phantsi kwinkulungwane XII kwi ezindongeni Kirillov weemonki, nto leyo ibekwe eyayiseKiev. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane enye, imifanekiso efanayo uvele Cathedral i eSt George kaThixo, Church of Msindisi wethu Nereditsa kunye Dmitrov Cathedral. Akumangalisi, kuba kukholelwa ukuba oku abachaphazelekayo umfanekiso Prince Vladimir, owaqala ubhaptizo Rus. Le nyaniso echazwe kwi "Tale of adlulileyo Years".

icon yokuqala uMgwebo Last ezotywe kuphela inkundla kodwa ndawo Apocalypse, ezo kamva. Imifanekiso sokuqala sebali zange zibhalwe ngokucacileyo mathuba kwiindawo ezithile icon, njengoko, umzekelo, kaDaniyeli isiprofeto amarhamncwa. Kuphela yi kwinkulungwane XVI-XVII, zonke iinkcukacha yelenqe abazifumene endaweni yayo.

Inkcazelo sebali

kanye Ukubunjwa umfanekiso yoMgwebo Last yi abadlali esisityebi kunene kunye neziganeko. Ngokubanzi, i icon of "Umgwebo Wokugqibela", ukuxelwa kwalo kumba kakhulu, lenziwa rejista ezintathu. Ngamnye kubo endaweni yayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu lo mfanekiso icon kaYesu ubekwa kwicala kuzo abapostile. Bonke bephela ababandakanyeka kwinkqubo yenkundla. Inxalenye esezantsi icon uxakekile xikhundlha xa iingelosi kubiza yonke.

Ngaphezu koko, phantsi umfanekiso kaYesu yitrone (Etimasiya). It ogweba kwetrone apho inokubekwa incula intonga, imfunxa, iindaba ezilungileyo. Oku kwinkcukacha ebalulekileyo kule zithako, nto leyo kamva yaba uphawu elizimeleyo.

Inxalenye esezantsi yomfanekiso ubalisa ibali kwenzeka ntoni kwilungisa aboni abazakuthi Umgwebo kaThixo. Le icon yahlulwe apha. Ekunene kaKristu kubonakala ilungisa, besusa yiParadesi, kwakunye Our Lady, iingelosi kunye uMyezo we-Eden. Ekhohlo kaKristu kubonisiwe isihogo, aboni needemon kunye noSathana.

Ezi inxalenye esekwe kakuhle ezimbini icon kwi sebali ingahlulwa umlambo umlilo, okanye inyoka. kuboniswe Last enomzimba bhija ngapha icon, kwaye umsila wayo lishiyiwe esihogweni. ring inyoka wayesoloko ebizwa ngalo igama nquleqhu (umbulo, ukunxila, njalo njalo).

nokutolikwa kwale ibali

Icon ye Umgwebo Wokugqibela, utoliko apho umntu inokubonakala siba, inentsingiselo yayo ngenxa amakholwa. Ngokutsho isicwangciso kaThixo, isenzo zomntu ngamnye owakha waphila emhlabeni iya kuhlaziywa kwi uMgwebo ophelileyo, nto leyo eya ukuchophela Iisus Hristos, uNyana kaThixo. Oku kuya kwenzeka ngexesha lokuza kwakhe okwesibini.

Emva kwetyala, loo mntu uya kuba indlela ngqo okanye esihogweni, okanye ezulwini, ngokwezenzo zakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba lo mzuzu ekhethekileyo kuvuselelo zehlabathi, umphefumlo angasoloko ukuqhagamshela noThixo okanye ngonaphakade ukuya uMtyholi. Noko ke, umongo ubume akuthethi ukuba oyike umntu, kodwa ukuze ecinga malunga nezenzo zakhe, benza izono. Kwakhona, ningenzi baze balahlekelwa ithemba, kufuneka nje ukuba aguquke aze aqalise ukutshintsha.

Umfanekiso yamandulo Umgwebo Wokugqibela, zisekhona

Ukuba yasinda imifanekiso eziliqela yamandulo ezigcinwe njenge uluhlu kwiitempile. Umzekelo, e Thessaloniki, ebandleni imihla ukupeyinta Panagia Chalkeon ukusuka kunyaka 1028, e yaseSinayi, isigodlo St. Catherine, walondoloza imifanekiso ezimbini Umgwebo Wokugqibela. Kwakhona eLondon, i-Victoria kunye Albert Museum, i ipleyiti zeendlovu kunye nomfanekiso yaseVenice kule Basilica ka Torcello kaMoses nalo mxholo.

Kukwakho imifanekiso bamandulo eRashiya. Ngokomzekelo, xa le Moscow yesicelo kwinkolelo Cathedral i icon yokuqala i "Umgwebo Wokugqibela" (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi). Kwakhona, ezi imizobo zingafunyanwa kwezinye iitempile (kubo zikhankanywe ngasentla).

amazwi ezingcwele Umgwebo Wokugqibela

NgoMhla woMgwebo ukuba kakhulu kubhaliweyo the Scriptures, kunye neengxelo yabangcwele. abaninzi kakhulu wambambela phambi kwamehlo umfanekiso, ukubona imiphumo yesono kunye nokungakhathali ngokomoya.

St. Feofan Zatvornik wathetha ukulungiselela ngokuqhubekayo ukuze Second uKuza kweNkosi, ayicingi xa kuza. Wayekholelwa ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka ngokuyimfuneko, kodwa xa - engaziwayo.

Kwakhona St John wayekholelwa ukuba akukho nto ukuba uzibuze kuya kwenzeka xa ngomhla wokugqibela, kodwa kukho yimpazamo eyoyikekayo ekupheleni ngokukhawuleza. Le lentsizi ezahlukeneyo kunye nentshabalalo, imfazwe kunye nendlala. Abantu efanayo kakhulu ukutshintsha, Bangazilibali imithetho kaThixo. Ngeli xesha ndiyandise izono nokubi.

Ngoko ke, zonke zezindlu zooyise ezingcwele babecinga ukuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula malunga ukubuya kwesibini kunye Umgwebo Wokugqibela. Icon nalo mfanekiso kunceda ngokucacileyo oku, kuba ngcelele yayo yokuqamba kwenziwa ngendlela efana ukubona yonke into ngokucacileyo kwaye iinkcukacha (aph 'yasezulwini ilungisa kunye naziintuthumbo ngeentuthumbo zelabafileyo abangendawo).

Kwisiqwenga Umgwebo Wokugqibela kwi imizobo lamagcisa

Ngoko ke, njengokuba ubona, ukuba umKristu onyanisekileyo ukuba sisincoko ebaluleke kakhulu, apho Umgwebo Wokugqibela uboniswa. Le icon bepeyinta iindonga iitempile - akukho nto kuphela owawubona kule sihloko. Yaba kwaye ethandwa kakhulu kunye namagcisa. Yinto isihloko pretty okuqaqambileyo wafumana indawo yayo ukupeyinta.

Umzekelo, kukho ngomfanekiso yi kaMichelangelo uwuphumezile ngalo mbandela. Le ibekwe kwi Sistine Chapel. Nangona umyalelo upopu, kodwa opeyintayo wenza oko ngendlela yakhe. Lo mzobo nqunu, ngokuphandle wachaza owakhiwe babantu. Oku kwade kwakhokelela kwengakumbi.

Lidume kakhulu ke triptych Ieronima Boskha. Lo ngumzekelo kakhulu, nto leyo ngandlel 'ithile ichaphazela uzibonayo. Bakholelwa ukuba akukho bani ngaphandle Bosch akuphumelelanga kamva Kwathi ukuze kungabikho namnye uhleliyo akazange bonela ngokoqobo. Kwisiqwenga mfanekiso uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu. Xa iziko - umfanekiso lentendelezo, ukuya ekhohlo yiparadisi, kwanelungelo - esihogweni. ukwakheka nganye esengqiqweni kakhulu.

Kakade ke, akukho zonke ukuwubamba ngebrashi, apho iifayile ezisetyenziswa ibali neyeBhayibhile Umgwebo Wokugqibela kule mifanekiso. abaninzi kakhulu ziye ephefumlelwe iingoma YeApocalypse, uze emva koko uzame ukudala umbono kwayo. Asinguye wonke ubani amathuba yebhayibhile, ebonisa ukucamanga kwabo. Ngenxa yoko, iinguqulelo ezininzi uMgwebo ophelileyo, nto leyo kude izinqumo baba.

Image Vasnetsov ibrashi

UViktor Vasnetsov ngexesha layo wadala Imizobo emininzi imixholo zonqulo. Omnye wabo waba eqatywe uMgwebo Last kwi Kiev Vladimir Cathedral, kwakunye Cathedral St George kaThixo.

YoMgwebo Icon Vasnetsov yokuqala ukuvela kwi Kiev Cathedral. Xa ukubhala umbhali zange ukusebenzisa izimiso sele kakuhle esekwe-, ngoko ke umfanekiso ikhangeleka noko theatrically, nangona eyakhelwe ngokusekelwe izicatshulwa zeBhayibhile kunye patristic. Embindini ubume yingelosi lowo uzibambileyo isikali esandleni sakhe. Kwelinye icala kuyo sinesono yaye esihogweni somlilo, leyo, enyanisweni, bawe. Kwelinye icala ke abanquli amalungisa.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kumfanekiso, phakathi singaboni nezityebi, ookumkani, nabantu yabefundisi. Umbhali angathanda oku kubonisa ukuba bonke bayalingana phambi koThixo mzuzu wenyaniso. Ngokuba bonke abantu baya kuba sisigqibo fair kwiyure yokugqibela. Phezulu umfanekiso uNdikhoyo ngokwakhe ogcina iVangeli kunye emnqamlezweni. Okulandelayo kuso nguMama kaThixo kaYohane umbhaptizi.

Owesibini kwabhalwa ngenxa ekupeyinteni Cathedral St. George kaThixo. Ibali lakhe kuhlala ingatshintshanga yaye, ngokutsho abaninzi abubonileyo umfanekiso okokuqala, luvelise uluvo engaqhelekanga. Yiyo le ilaphu waba imbali elinzima eSoviet Union. Xa ungcwalazi, ubukho bakhe, umfanekiso kwaba ngenkankulu ngokutsha waza wabuyela endaweni endala.

Image Rublev ibrashi

Omnye umsebenzi odumileyo yaba eqatywe uMgwebo Wokugqibela Rublev, nto leyo kubonisiwe kwi Moscow Cathedral of ngombono. Kubekho emininzi ngemizobo yakhe, ukongeza koku. Abaninzi babulawa kunye Daniel Black. Ezinye iinkcukacha umbhali wemka yesithethe, ingakumbi xa wazoba imifanekiso ye Umgwebo Wokugqibela. Rublev wazoba abantu beza enkundleni, akuyi ukubandezeleka, yaye wayethembe ukuba inceba.

Hi ndlela leyi, zonke sizifihla kwi ngomfanekiso yi aphefumlelweyo kakhulu kwaye sublime. Ngeli xesha linzima, kukho iziganeko ezininzi kakhulu ebangele ukuba ukuvuselelwa yabantu ngokomoya.

Ngenxa yoko, ngomfanekiso Kulula kakhulu ukuba bahlabe uziqhube phambili. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni yinto yokuba abantu babe boyike kwetyala ezayo, kwaye emelwe uKumkani of Justice. Kakade ke, ukuya kwixesha langoku oko engafakwanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa yintoni uhlala kunjalo, ngobambana Ukujula kwawo.