Iilwimi - loo nto ngubani na? Indlela ukuba umntu ilifa ngokugqibeleleyo iilwimi?

Ngoku kuya kusiba izakhono zithandwa kakhulu ngolwimi lwasemzini. Yayichaza ilula: ingcaphephe lowo ngokulinganayo uthethe kakuhle kwaye ebhaliweyo, umzekelo, ngo-IsiNgesi okanye Italian, uya kufumana umsebenzi ophambili kweli yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukongeza, kukho uluvo lokuba ukufunda iilwimi ezininzi esemncinane inegalelo kuphuhliso ngokukhawuleza izixhobo intetho yomntwana. Kukho nezinye izizathu. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi zithande ukuba ukukhulisa abantwana babo ezimbini, ukuba akunjalo polyglots. Kodwa ngubani na yaye indlela iilwimi ezininzi ngokugqibeleleyo?

Ungubani iilwimi

Iilwimi - Abantu iilwimi ngokulinganayo. Ukongeza, ngamnye kubo kucingwa ukuba lweenkobe. Abantu abanjalo ukuthetha kuphela baqiqe iilwimi ezimbini kwinqanaba elifanayo, kodwa cinga ngabo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngokutsho kokusingqongileyo okanye indawo yabantu izakuswitsha ngokuzenzekelayo le okanye ukuba (hayi kuphela inkqubo yonxibelelwano ngomlomo, kodwa ngengqondo), ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwaye iqaphela kuyo.

Bilinguals ukuze abaguquleli, nabantwana lufuna, imitshato ezahlukeneyo okanye abafundiswa kwelinye ilizwe.

Kwi sithuba pre-sokulwela inguqu epheleleyo iintsapho atyebileyo bazama umvuzo kwimfundo governesses imbewu eFransi okanye Germany. Ngenxa yoko, iingangamsha ezininzi ukusuka ebuntwaneni ukufunda iilwimi zasemzini, bazithembe kwiilwimi ezimbini kamva.

Ezimbini okanye iilwimi?

Kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuqatshelwe ukuba kunye elithi "ezimbini" kukho paronimichny kuye - "iilwimi". Nangona afana, kufuneka ixabiso ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ezimbini - iincwadi iirekhodi ezibhalwe yaqala ngaxeshanye ngeelwimi ezimbini. Lidla lunikwa kwizicatshulwa ngaxeshanye.

iintlobo bilinguals

Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili bilinguals - ecocekileyo kunye exutyiweyo.

Net - abantu abasebenzisa iilwimi bodwa emsebenzini - endlwini enye - enye. Okanye, umzekelo, kunye abanye abantu bathetha ulwimi olunye, kunye nezinye - phezu kwezinye. Lidla ngoko iqatshelwe imeko abaguquleli okanye abantu abaye bafudukela ukuba yokuhlala isigxina aphesheya.

Uhlobo lwesibini - iilwimi ezahlukeneyo. Aba bantu, ezimbini, kodwa ngabom na ukwahlula phakathi kwabo. Xa uncokola ke amaxesha ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye, nkqu ngexesha le lenguqu lunokwenzeka yesivakalisi. Lidla umzekelo iphawulekayo le bilingualism - ukunxulumana kwintetho ngeelwimi Russian kunye Ukrainian. I ekuthiwa-surzhik. Ukuba ezimbili akakwazi ukufumana amagama tye Russian, endaweni isebenzisa lilingana Ukrainian, kwaye vice versa.

Njani umntu uba iilwimi?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ingenzeka le meko.

Esinye sezizathu eziphambili - imitshato mixed. abantwana abathetha iilwimi ezimbini iintsapho ngamazwe - ivamile. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba omnye umzali inaso ulwimi Russian, kwaye eyesibini - e IsiNgesi, ngoko ngethuba wophuhliso lwawo, umntwana ufunda kakuhle ngokulinganayo kwaye, kunye nenye intetho. Isizathu ilula: nxibelelwano luqhubekayo indawo umzali ngamnye ngolwimi lwakhe. Kulo mzekelo, imbono kweelwimi ikhula abantwana ngendlela efanayo.

Isizathu sesibini - le yokushiywa wabazali uhlanga enye ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa. ezimbili UMSI - bangabantu aziintanga kwilizwe kunye iilwimi ezimbini zaseburhulumenteni, okanye iintsapho kude. Kulo mzekelo, ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini luthatha indawo esikolweni okanye abancinane. Eyokuqala safaka ngabazali bekhulisa.

Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi ilizwe apho hlobo luqhelekileyo ezimbini - Canada, Ukraine ne Belarus.

Iimali nabo abantu, ingakumbi abo baye kakuhle ulwimi lwesibini. Oku kudla ngokwenzeka xa abantu bafudukela kwelinye ilizwe, kusapho uhlanga.

Ukongeza, phantse zonke Umguquleli inkqubo yokufunda uba iilwimi. Ngaphandle kokuba akukho akukwazeki inguqulelo epheleleyo kunye ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ingakumbi yolunye.

Amaninzi ukuba nomfumana na, ulwimi iilwimi IsiNgesi apho lweenkobe, kunye Russian, isiJamani, okanye, yithini, iSpanish.

buhle

Ziziphi iingenelo le meko? Kakade ke, uncedo engundoqo - ulwazi lweelwimi ezimbini, ukuba elizayo kuya kunceda ukuze ufumane umsebenzi osemgangathweni okanye ngempumelelo ukuthuthela. Kodwa kuphela inzuzo ngqo.

Njengoko uqaphele, bilinguals basabela ngakumbi kwabanye abantu kunye neenkcubeko bamanye amazwe. Yiba nombono obanzi. Isizathu kukuba ulwimi ngalunye kubonisa yobomi kunye nezithethe abantu ethile. Lunikeza kwamagama athile ziboniswe izithethe, iinkolelo. Ukufunda ulwimi lwasemzini, umntwana limiselwe wayeqhelene inkcubeko ezithethi zayo, ukufunda izangotshe zolwimi kunye nentsingiselo yawo. Kudala kwaziwa ukuba amabinzana ethile ayikwazi ngokoqobo iguqulelwe kolunye ulwimi. Umzekelo, IsiNgesi kunzima kakhulu ukuba ukuguqulela igama iiholide Carnival, Ivana Kupala, ekubeni zilahlekile nenkcubeko IsiNgesi. Ukuba kungachazwa kuphela.

Ubuchopho abantu abathetha iilwimi ezininzi, iya kuphuhliswa ngakumbi, ingqondo bhetyebhetye. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba abantwana iilwimi ezimbini bafunda ngcono nabanye abafundi abafunda nabo, ukuba kulula ngokulinganayo kuzo zombini inzululwazi koluntu kunye ngqo. Kwiminyaka kamva, baya kuthatha isigqibo omnye okanye omnye, musa ukucinga iingcinga.

UNYE umdibanise eqinisekileyo - bezibona eziphuhlileyo ngakumbi metalinguistic. Abantu abanjalo badla ndibona impazamo umbuzo, ukuqonda igrama kunye nesakhiwo. Kwixesha elizayo, bakhawuleza bafunde ulwazi yesithathu, yesine, eyesihlanu, iilwimi, ukusebenzisa ezikhoyo imifuziselo lweelwimi.

period Three isifundo

The degree of nobugcisa kuxhomekeke yobudala apho umsebenzi siqalisiwe. abantwana iilwimi zombini ebuntwaneni kwangethuba kwaye kumathuba kamva. Wenze abathathu kuphela.

Okokuqala - bilingualism usana, ogama ubudala Imida - ukususela kwiminyaka 0 ukuya ku-5. Kukholelwa ukuba Bubo ke obu kakhulu ukuba uqale ukufunda ulwimi lwesibini. Ngeli xesha, uqhagamshelo neuronal bayazibhijabhija ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo echaphazela umgangatho ekufundeni umfuziselo ulwimi olutsha. Ngelo xesha tindhawu ulwimi lwesibini kufuneka kwasekuqaleni nje ixesha xa umntwana uwazi kunye ezisisiseko kuqala. Ngeli xesha ukuphuhliswa komzimba ngamalungu yokuthetha, izakhono motor ocoliweyo, ingqalelo kunye memory. yobudala Uthelekelelo - iminyaka 1.5-2. Kulo mzekelo, umntwana uya kuthetha zombini iilwimi ngaphandle aksenti.

bilingualism yabantwana - ukususela kwiminyaka-5 ukuya ku-12. Ngeli xesha umntwana ngabom ukufunda ulwimi, esongeza kwisigama yayo eyimpumelelo esebenzayo. Ukufunda umfuziselo ulwimi lwesibini kweli phakade nayo ibonelela intetho ecocekileyo kunye nokungabikho ugxininiso. Nangona umntwana ngokucacileyo uyayazi into ulwimi eyokuqala kuye yothuba elithile, lweenkobe.

Isigaba sesithathu - lokufikisa, ukususela kwiminyaka eli-12 ukuya ku-17. On nokufunda ulwimi lwesibini kule meko ivame esikolweni. Qala ukufundisa kwizikolo zasesekondari ezimbini kwiiklasi ezizodwa ukufunda ulwimi lwasemzini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuyilwa kwalo lu dityanisiwe ezininzi iingxaki. Kwindawo yokuqala - kunye ukulondolozwa kujoliswe elizayo. Okwesibini, lo mntwana ngokukhethekileyo lumiselwe ukufunda olunye intetho yakhe.

iqhinga bilingualism

Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ekufundeni iilwimi ezimbini.

1. Enye umzali - olunye ulwimi. Ngesi sicwangciso entsatsheni kanye ndithethe ngeelwimi ezimbini. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, unina xa enxibelelana nonyana wakhe / intombi kuphela in Russian, uyise - in Italian. Umntwana uyaqonda kakuhle ngokulinganayo zombini iilwimi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba sifane nesi sicwangciso njengoko bekhula ezimbini inokuba ingxaki. Eyona zixhaphakileyo - xa umntwana uyaqonda ukuba abazali ningayiqondi intetho yakhe, kungakhathaliseki nokuba uthetha ulwimi. Xa ukhetha azihlambululele ulwimi ekhululekile kwaye iqala ukunxibelelana ikakhulu kuyo.

2. Ixesha kunye nendawo. Ngesi sicwangciso ixesha elithile okanye indawo limi ngabazali babo, apho umntwana uza ukunxibelelana nabanye kuphela ngolwimi lwasemzini. Umzekelo, ngoMgqibelo intsapho anxibelelana kwi IsiNgesi okanye isiJamani, ukuya isangqa ulwimi, apho unxibelelwano kwenzeka kuphela kwi amazwe.

Olu khetho kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa umntwana, ulwimi lwenkobe apho - Russian. Ezimbini kulo mzekelo linokwehliswa phezulu, nokuba bobabini abazali Russian-lothethayo.

3. Ulwimi lwasekhaya. Ngokomzekelo, ngolwimi olunye umntwana uthetha kuphela ekhaya, ngomhla wesibini - enkulisa, esikolweni, kwindawo yembutho. Oku zisetyenziswa xa abazali bafudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye umntwana ngokwabo eliphakathi amazwe anakho.

ubude umsebenzi

Kangakanani kufuneka bafunde ulwimi lwasemzini ukuba iilwimi? Impendulo ngqo lo mbuzo akukho. Kukholelwa ukuba xa uphuhliso ezintetho inzulu kwi ubudala isizathu kufuneka inikwe izifundo iiyure eziyi-25 ngeveki, oko kukuthi, malunga neeyure ezi-4 ngemini. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukwenza umthambo kuphela kuphuhliso zentetho kunye nokuqonda, kodwa ukubhala, ukufunda. Ngokubanzi, ubude ingqesho aya kubalwa ngokuthi kususelwe izicwangciso ezikhethiweyo zezifundo, kwakunye neenjongo kunye nexesha apho sihlelwe ukuba bafunde izakhono ezithile.

amacebo aluncedo

Ngoko ke Ngaba uwaphakamisela phezulu na indlela iilwimi? Sinikezela iingcebiso asibhozo aya kukunceda ukuba ukucwangcisa izifundo kunye nomntwana.

1. Khetha kakhulu lula ukuba isicwangciso esiliqili kwaye landela rhoqo.
2. Zama ukubeka umntwana kokusingqongileyo wenkcubeko ulwimi wayifunda. Ukuze wenze oku, ukuze uqhelane kunye nezithethe zabantu bakhe abanyuliweyo.
3. Njengoko abaninzi bathi, kunye nomntwana ngolwimi lwasemzini.
4. Ekuqaleni, lo mntwana akafuni akugxininisi iimpazamo. Ilungisa, kodwa musa lokumba iinkcukacha. Ukuqalisa Sebenzela isigama, uze ufunde imithetho.
5. Zama ukuthumela umntwana wakho kwiinkampu ulwimi, dlala amaqela, ukuya naye clubs zolwimi.
6. Sebenzisa zokufundisa audio kunye nezinto yevidiyo, iincwadi. Ezimbini e IsiNgesi singafundwa njengento uncwadi lungiswa kwaye yokuqala.
7. Musa ukulibala ukudumisa umntwana sempumelelo yakhe, mkhuthaze.
8. Qiniseka ukuba uchaze ukuba ukufunda ulwimi olutsha, ukuba uya kwixesha elizayo. Ukusebenzisa umntwana ekufundeni - yaye uya kwimpumelelo.

ubunzima kunokwenzeka

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela kule khosi yokufunda ulwimi? Sibala ezona ziphambili:

1. isigama Limited ngazo zombini iilwimi ngenxa kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo losetyenziso. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana isebenzisa angaphandle kuphela esikolweni, kwisigama yakhe isenokungabi kuquka iimpawu ezininzi zenzelwe ukuba zifunde amagama ngemihla, yaye vice versa.
2. Ukungakwazi ukufunda nokubhala olunye lweelwimi. Amaxesha amaninzi, kukho indlela engachanekanga abazali kwimfundo yomntwana, iilwimi. Ulwimi, nto leyo ihlawulwa kwi ingqalelo kwangaxeshanye ziyanda, waba engundoqo.
3. Umyinge amagama ubuntu. Njengoko omnye, kwaye ugxininiso lube ngolwimi lwesibini.

4. uxinzelelo engafanelekanga ngamazwi ezahlukeneyo. Ingakumbi xa kukho iilwimi kwi ithokeni efanayo nge ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
5. Ukuxuba qhinga iilwimi kwimeko zombini ndlebe uyakuqonda. Ngokubanzi, le ngxaki iyapheliswa ngokwayo kwinkqubo umntwana ekhula.

iziphumo

Iilwimi - Abantu iilwimi ngokulinganayo. Yibani njengoko lisathukuza ngenxa bume yeelwimi, kunye esiba ukufunda intetho kwamanye amazwe. Kakade ke, unako ngeelwimi ezimbini, yaye kwiminyaka kamva, kodwa lu dityanisiwe ezininzi iingxaki.