Iimpawu Terrain kunye nezibonelelo luncedo e Sweden

Imixholo yeli nqaku - isakhiwo nezimbiwa zejoloji izibonelelo Sweden. Kutheni le lizwe? Oku akwenzeki kuphela nje enkulu zonke emazweni Western Yurophu, uRhulumente zendawo, kodwa uhlobo izityebi ezininzi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ukuba ayaziwa kwinkoliso eRashiya. Geography ne-Sweden oovimba abaluncedo zixhomekeke umdla hayi kuphela iingcali, zejografi, kodwa abafundi abaninzi ukwazi.

Luni lizwe

Indawo Sweden - Northern Europe (laseScandinavia Peninsula). Abamelwane - Norway entshonalanga, Finland - ukusuka mpuma, Denmark - ukusuka emzantsi. LeziMbiwa Sweden eFinland, kwakunye neempawu yemozulu, ziyafana isakhiwo ngenxa kufutshane. Baltic Sea kunye nePersian of Bothnia uhlanjiweyo yi amanzi karhulumente yayo empumalanga kunye nomzantsi. Ubungakanani lizwe 450.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, Sweden - i likhulu kumazwe aseScandinavia. Phakathi onke amazwe aseYurophu ubukhulu bayo yesibini kuphela babeziindleko zelizwe lethu, kwakunye Ukraine, France ne Spain. Ubude kummandla kwicala emzantsi-entla - malunga 1600 km, kwaye "tye '(entshona-mpuma) - malunga ne-500 km.

Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha ndawo kuhlala amahlathi, kodwa 14-15% yi kumathafa kunye amadobo, yaye malunga ne-9% elizwe kuhlala amanzi emhlabeni. Inani Imilambo, imifula kunye namachibi Sweden ifikelela 90 000. Amagama inkulu kwezi amachibi - Vättern, Vänern, Mälaren, Elmeren.

Inkcazo uphawu lomlambo Swedish - hayi elide kakhulu, kodwa zinzulu kakhulu, ezineengxangxasi uba. Channel balala kakhulu kwicala ukusuka emntla ukuya mpuma. Uninzi lwemilambo aqukuqela kuLwandle lweBaltic (Gulf yayo Bothnia).

Urhulumente kunxweme ngokwanelisayo elide (2,700 km ubude), ihonjiswe ziziqithi entle kunye machweba imvelaphi yendalo. Amagama ezininzi iziqithi ezinkulu Swedish - Oland kunye Gotland.

Uncedo kunye luncedo imithombo e Sweden

Mandulo ebizwa Kebnekaise lelona nqanaba liphezulu kweli lizwe. Yimake ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle -. Ngaphezulu kwe-2100 m lokukhululeka benazo iimpawu zalo ezisisiseko esekelwe kwindawo yaseScandinavia Peninsula kunye inxalenye kwiBaltic Shield. Agobe isakhiwo entabeni ngexesha layo phantsi kweempembelelo inani elikhulu komkhenkce za uhambisa i ulungelelwaniso uphawu nkqo.

Island inani elikhulu kwiminyaka eyadlulayo yaba embindini glaciation lizwekazi yaseYurophu. Le ndawo yayigcwele zomkhenkce zayo ezinamandla, ngokukhawulezisa uphawu ka 1500 m. Izazinzulu ziye zasekwa ubukho wokugqibela zigqumathelo malunga kufuphi Stockholm yanamhlanje. Kwathi, malunga ne-100 eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ezinye ezihambayo ezinkulu ibekwe kunxweme emantla eGalfu yolwandle of Bothnia, malunga ezisixhenxe okanye ezisibhozo amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo.

A bit kwendawo

Kuxhomekeke indawo imithombo yezimbiwa eli lizwe phezu iimpawu isiqabu Swedish. ummandla wayo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye nakumazantsi zendalo. Northern Sweden ikakhulu phezu kwentaba, yahlulahlulwe ibhanti ephezulu, oluphakathi nolusezantsi nkqo. Ngokumalunga izimbiwa kunye nezinye izixhobo zendalo, lehewu Norland ephethe yokuqala yale mimandla ezikhandelwa iidiphozithi ikakhulu gquma kunye amadobo afanayo. Kummandla kunxweme esentshona Gulf of Bothnia kukho isikhungu neetyuwa zaselwandle.

Plateau Norland usembindini nsimbi enkulu. Xa kujoliswe kwinto enye efanayo kunye oovimba eziphambili amaplanga. iintili kumantla Part imihlaba etyebileyo echumileyo ezisetyenziselwa ikakhulu ngenxa amadlelo.

Kumazantsi eli lizwe (kwi ithafa Småland, ezinkqantosini Central Sweden kunye Skåne Peninsula) yi kushishino ubukhulu becala oludibeneyo eli lizwe kunye nezolimo yayo. Ibid - ukwangowona mmandla unomthamo omkhulu babantu. Småland ngokunxulumene sezulu yayo epholileyo ngokwentelekiso yeyona ndawo kakhulu ubomi babantu.

On imihlaba engafanelekanga ezolimo kukhula amahlathi ikakhulu coniferous. Lidla inxalenye enkulu yommandla ehlanganiswa amadobo afanayo. Skåne - Sweden South - amathafa iye kulinywa phantse ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zezolimo. Kukho umhlaba olungileyo otyebileyo, ekulula ukuphatha ufumane isivuno esihle kakhulu. Amathafa Zinokuxutywa emile ezinamatye babengabafo encinane, kukunaba mpuma evela emntla-ntshona. Xa ixesha ithafa elihle iintshinyela ivaleke zaye isale ngakumbi ubukho bezinto imithi avuthulukayo (uthuthu, um-oki, maple, beech). Kamva, amahlathi ezintle zitshatyalalisiwe ngezandla zabantu.

Sweden uncedo - ngokufutshane malunga iindidi

A isici esasenza ongaphantsi Swedish - ubutyebi lwesinyithi kunye yokuhlwempuzeka fuels kwezimbiwa. iimpawu Terrain kunye neeminerali luncedo Sweden ezinxulumene ngokwembali. Ngenxa outcrops ebanzi imvelaphi ukubona nemetamorphic na oovimba ezininzi ziyafumaneka ekrwada zalo. A imali encinane kakhulu yamawa lentlenga efanayo uhlobo yabangela ukungabikho phantse epheleleyo ioli, igesi yendalo kunye namalahle.

Swedish nsimbi yentsimbi ingaqhuba iye kwenye bazizinhanha emhlabeni. Oku kusebenza kwi yoxinaniso zolondolozo esikrwada, kwaye umxholo metal kwi nsimbi. Icandelo lokuqala malunga 3 billion metric tons, kunye nomxholo umndilili metal kwi ekrwada ungaphezulu 60%.

On idini ifoto thina - Sweden izimbiwa luncedo (iintlobo eziphambili ixhoba).

ukufumana apho kubo

Ziziphi iinkalo zifihliwe izimbiwa eziphambili luncedo Sweden? Ngaphezu 4/5 loovimba yentsimbi ekrwada eli lizwe bebekelwa kwisithili yalo ebaluleke kakhulu intsimbi ekrwada. Sikhoyo e Lapland, ngaphaya Arctic Circle. Oyifake inkulu kuthiwa Kirunavaara kunye, ngokutsho kwiingcali, iqulethe na iitoni ngaphantsi kwe 1.6 billion.

Lapp zizityebi ekrwada iqulethe eliphezulu lamanani intsimbi - ubuncinane 2/3. Kodwa ngaphandle koko, kukho aman- phosphorus. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku ekrwada kunzima inyibilike. Sebenzisa ezi zibonelelo aluncedo eSweden kwisikali yorhwebo iqale kunye nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ukunyibilikisa Thomas okwenzeka kwindawo Ekuveleni XIX kunye XX eminyaka.

Enye omnye kwimimandla yesinyithi, ekuthiwa Bergslagen aziwayo ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi, sikweyona indawo ephakathi kweli lizwe. Ngu ubungakanani esikrwada, ikhapitali ngasentla, kodwa izinto okrwada atsalwa iqulathe ipesenti encinci sulphur eziyingozi kunye phosphorus, kangangokuba liye lasetyenziswa ukuba iimfuno zamashishini, ingakumbi yokunyibilikisa isinyithi.

Makhe sithethe ngezinto ezenziwe ngesinyithi non-ayoni

Ngokufanayo, ezihlangene zejoloji isakhiwo nezimbiwa izibonelelo eSweden, ezinxulumene nesinyithi non-ayoni. Beka likhulu iidiphozithi zabo - on Norlandskom thafa. In indawo Buliden - Kristineberg na isakhiwo ezininzi iidiphozithi sulphide ore. Kubume - ubunzima bobhedu, ilothe, zinc, isilivere, negolide, iarseniki, pyrite. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kule ndawo Laysvall kukhokelele intsimi, yaye Aitik - wobhedu. Bazizityebi phezu iidipozithi kwisikali yobhedu yaseYurophu e Central Sweden ngokunxulumene umsebenzi elide lancipha kakhulu kwaye okwangoku akukho xabiso zorhwebo.

Ziziphi ezinye izinto luncedo eSweden uthathe indawo endaweni yayo? Apho unako ukufumana kunye needipozithi shale bituminous eziqulathe i oovimba abambalwa uranium. Kuqikelelwa ukuba inani 317 000 tonnes. Eli nani malunga ne-20% yabo loovimba zizonke kumazwe nkulu.

Kodwa kuphuhliso kwakhe shales neyuranium-zithwele zifuna ziqu ebalulekileyo. Le nkqubo ayikho kakhulu iindleko-olusebenzayo ngenxa namhlanje egqubayo kwinqanaba lamaxabiso for uranium ekrwada.

Le Iidipozithi izityebi Norrbotten kunye Bergslagen umgangatho intsimbi amaphondo ekrwada baziwa kuphela kulo lonke elo lizwe kodwa ukuze ihlabathi liphela. In Norrbotten - ezininzi iidipozithi yobhedu-pyrite. Inani lilonke phaya - malunga 100 Iphondo ekuthiwa Västerbotten kunye Bergslagen ezinxulumene kumbindi eSweden, nazo esisityebi esikrwada nobhedu pyrites.

Petroleum e Sweden

Zonke ezi izimbiwa Sweden ilizwe phantse ediniwe. A amasimi oyile ezimbalwa ezaziwayo-kakuhle ibekwe Central European oyile negesi isitya. E Sweden ufumana kuphela iqhezu kuyo, agqume imilinganiselo zomyalelo ezikwere zeekhilomitha-30 000. Singene isiqithi Gotland ecaleni kumntla-ntshona. Igama inkulu yasendle - Hamra. Imithombo ye-oyile apho, ngokutsho kwiingcali, kuba malunga nama-20 000 tonnes.

Ifumaneka kweli lizwe, kunye namalahle, kodwa intsingiselo koovimba bayo hi ku tiyimisela, kunjalo. Apha, isiqabu kunye neeminerali luncedo Sweden ezihambelanayo ngqo. Komphetho Ukutyeba bakhe -. Hayi ngaphezu 0.8 m iidipozithi Coal (Öresund, Höganäs) anokufunyanwa kwiphondo Skåne, ekude kufuphi nonxweme olusentshona Sweden.

kukho nokuba kuza kubakho eSweden amatye anqabileyo? izixa ezincinane zegolide nezesilivere concomitantly zaveliswa ngexesha processing of iidipozithi emanzini ekrwada. Noko ke, ngo Enasene kukho mhlawumbi omnye kuphela zegolide-emasimini.

Malunga sezulu Swedish

Njengabo bonke amazwe Scandanavia, uninzi ummandla Swedish Ibutha phantsi umaleko ikhephu. Oku kungenxa kwindawo phawu iintaba aseScandanavia. Senza indima asisithintelo ukusebenza komoya kufumile mass evela Atlantic. Ukwahluka yemozulu Swedish idlale enkulu indima ubude ebonakalayo kweli lizwe kwicala meridional.

kwimimandla yasempumalanga emazantsi eli lizwe ngenxa amanzi efudumeleyo Gulf Stream zinemozulu emanzini epholileyo kunye ukusuka kancinane yezwekazi. NgoJanuwari lobushushu ngesiqhelo ekwi kuluhlu ukusuka - ⁰S 3 - 15 ukuya ⁰S. NgoJulayi - 10-17 ⁰S.

imvula yonyaka malunga 300-800 mm yemvula. Ekubeni hexa ka ezincinane zabo, kukho ukufuma kwemfuneko. Ngokunxulumene into yokugqibela kwintsimi eli lizwe ubukhulu becala sazala ngamanzi.

Kule kummandla weentaba kumntla-mpuma kweli lizwe, ingakumbi ngaphandle Arctic Circle, imozulu ekuthethwa Arctic. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo ye Northern Territory lawusibekela ice amaxwebhu, nenala komkhenkce ntaba-entilini.

Malunga imilambo Swedish kunye namachibi

Mineral iidipozithi e Sweden - kungekuphela yeziveliso zayo zendalo. Zonke ezi mpawu zingentla kwemozulu, isimo kunye nesakhiwo nokwakheka eSweden zihamba kakuhle kwiintlobo ngeentlobo amachibi ezikhoyo kunye nemilambo ezifikelela imaphu lizwe kunye womnatha ashinyeneyo. imilambo Swedish flow, ngokuqhelekileyo yi iintlambo ezivaliweyo ehonjiswe intabalala seengxangxasi kunye ohamba. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengemithombo yamandla.

Ukuba sicinga mveliso umlambo njengomnye ubutyebi bendalo belizwe, ngaba izibonelelo kakhulu abo eziqala kwiintaba yaseScandinavia (kumathambeka zabo empuma), kuqukuqela Norlandskomu yasethafeni, iyangena Gulf of Bothnia. Amagama abo - Ongermanelven, dalälven, lule, Umeelv, Indalsälven. Imilambo alternate kunye namachibi ezininzi nenala edikeni-ezifana nezandiso asebenze kwemithombo yendalo. Banakho ukunika ummiselo amanzi ekuhambeni konyaka.

Lake - ingxenye engenakususwa landscape ngokuqhelekileyo kumazwe afana Sweden eFinland. Phantsi izigcine ubuncinane i-8% lizwe. Ifunyanwa phakathi Lake Vänern, Sweden eYurophu - kunazo. Ngomhla owawuphuma kuyo umlambo Göta ALV uye Ingxangxasi ephakamileyo, nesetyenziswa, ukwakha phezu kwayo isityalo enamandla ngamanzi kunye nenani lock lokuthumela.

Njengotyani yelizwe jikelele

Elokuphetha - amagama ambalwa malunga izibonelelo zezityalo eSweden. Phantse wonke ummandla wayo, ngaphandle ekupheleni komzantsi, ilungu kummandla podzolic. Abayi amele ixabiso elithile ezolimo. efanelekileyo kule nkalo ke iintlobo zomhlaba bazipheka-podzolic, saka emathafeni kunye amachibi Middle Sweden.

Ihlathi imihlaba brown, leyo ezijongwa ngayo owona mhlaba bonke, ekhoyo kwi kummandla yaseScandinavia Peninsula, ibekwe emazantsi eli lizwe. Ikakhulu etyebileyo losingasiqithi Skåne.

Uhlaza Sweden imelwe kakhulu amahlathi, Ngokuqhusheka ngaphezu kwama-50% yommandla. indawo yabo -. Bangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-23 eehektare, ukuze ngalo kwesi salathisi urhulumente ubamba indawo yokuqala phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu. Ubuninzi amahlathi ziquka coniferous. Towards ngasentla, ngomhla ummandla polar ILapland, zintshula kwamaxandeka yehlathi ngokwenyusa kancinane eziphakamileyo indawo kwi yagoso ezinde. Okuninzi akunika ngaphezu kumathafa entabeni kweengqimba zamafu ulele, moss, wom kunye birches ezincinanana.

Kuphela kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, ummandla ngqwabalala zeentaba kunye nengca tathu ngqindilili engceni eluhlaza. uhlaza emathafeni lugubungela ubuncinane 1/8 we isithuba. Of imithi ebanzi-zodonga uyakwazi ukuthetha klone, um-oki, Linden nothuthu. Xa iindawo akumazantsi welizwe ukuhlangabezana kunye namahlathi beech.

Ingaba kukho ezininzi eSweden imithi

Akukho namnye Sweden izimbiwa kuphela ngokulityhala phakathi flagships uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngokutsho komnye kwezibonelelo ibalulekileyo yendalo - imithombo amaplanga - Sweden fanele kwiinkokeli yaseYurophu aphesheya. Kulo nyaka yavelisa 2.3 billion cubic metres, kwaye phantse yonke bobabo kule Conifers. Ekubeni onjalo isiseko resource elikhulu eli lizwe kakuhle zokusebenza ngophuhliso kunye namashishini yintlama nephepha.

Ukuba phakathi kwenkulungwane lokugqibela kwakukho ukugawula okungenaluzsini ngokwenene lwamahlathi anqabileyo, isantya yayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje liye lancipha kakhulu. State bachitha imali eninzi ukuze kubuyiselwe nokucima kwiindawo zendalo kunye nokuphucula nokubunjwa kwayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba nemveliso kwindawo ephantsi ehlathini aye anda kakhulu.