Imizi Kazakh. sixeko Kazakhstan i-ngobukhulu. imizi Kazakh - uluhlu

Kazakhstan - a lizwe, leyo kwenza iqhayiya iphambili emathafeni kunye mbuya. Kodwa loo nto bonke. Kwilizwe enomtsalane olunjalo abahambi - indalo emangalisayo kunye yomhlaba eyahlukeneyo isixeko emangalisayo ekuhamba kuyo tofotofo West kudityaniswe nokuzola Oriental.

ezakhiwe igcwele kuphela mihla, kodwa kudala. Ngelo xesha nye inkcubeko Asia exotic yokwenene egcina ngenyameko izithethe elidlulileyo.

indaba

Le data zokuqala imizi e Kazakhstan asusela ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Ekuqaleni, zokuhlala ezinkulu ilizwe apho kwiintili ofudumeleyo of the Syr Darya River kunye Rivers ezisixhenxe. ngabembi emazantsi Kazakhstan zifunyanwe iintsalela izixeko zamandulo kwakhiwa kwindawo esabuvaranda - kwiinkulungwane lesithoba.

Eyona ndawo iphambili kummandla emathafeni kuhlale mbuya. Ekubeni abemi ubudlelwane babo nzima kakhulu. Kuba mbuya zokuhlala amakhulu amaziko kurhwebo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, badla babawela.

Kweli lizwe kukho ezinye iidolophu ezinokuthi ndoqhayisa lilidala. Ezi ziquka isixeko Kazakhstan njengoko Taraz, Shymkent kunye Turkestan.

Kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe eli lizwe lwabonakala zokuhlala yokuqala Russian. It Guryev kunye Yaitsky edolophini. Ngokuthe ngcembe, evela entla ukuya ezantsi weza ikoloni Russian. Eyasekwayo iidolophu ezininzi, uninzi lwazo lungafumaneka kwimaphu mihla le lizwe.

Kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini e Kazakhstan waqhuba lwemigodi elikhulu-scale for lezemigodi. Ngokuphathelele le misebenzi kukho inani elikhulu kwizixeko mihla.

imimandla yolawulo

Njengenxenye Kazakhstan ikwiindawo elinesine. Bona ibekwe imizi engamashumi asibhozo anesithandathu. Ezi ziquka mega-imizi ngokubaluleka zesizwe. Zabo ezimbini - Almaty kunye Astana. Esi sixeko sikhulu of Kazakhstan - yi Shymkent, Almaty, Karaganda kwaye, kakade, Astana. Eli lizwe ikhulu kwizithili amathandathu anesibhozo, anekhulu elinamanci asixhenxe amane elalini.

imizi Kazakh, uluhlu apho thaca ngezantsi, kukho amaziko kwimimandla eli lizwe;

1. Ust-Kamenogorsk (kummandla East Kazakhstan.).
2. Taraz (Zhambyl oblast.).
3. Karaganda (kummandla Karaganda.).
4. Aktobe (kummandla Aktobe.).
5. Taldykorgan (kummandla Almaty.).
6. Kyzylorda (kummandla Kyzylorda.).
7. Kostanay (kummandla Kostanay.).
8. Pavlodar (kummandla Pavlodar.).
9. Shymkent (ummandla South-Kazakhstan.).
10. Uralsk (ummandla West-Kazakhstan.).
11. Petropavlovsk (ummandla North-Kazakhstan.).
12. Kokshetau (kummandla Akmola).
13. Aktau (kummandla Mangistau.).
14. Atyrau (Atyrau oblast.).

City ukuba ukubaluleka wesizwe, kwaye Cosmodrome. Kukho cosmodrome eponymous edumileyo, nto leyo iqeshiswa iRussia de amawaka amabini anamanci mahlanu.

capital

phezu nje elishumi Astana sele isixeko entle mihla. Ikomkhulu eliselula Kazakhstan e ngezakhiwo ayikho ngaphantsi iingqukuva kwihlabathi abaninzi abadumileyo. Ngalinye izakhiwo kwakhiwa apha kwenziwa isimbo yaseYurophu. Ngelo xesha linye ke imisebenzi yokwenene yobugcisa wokwakha. Astana luphawu onobungangamsha ukuzimela lwezoqoqosho nopolitiko Kazakhstan. Kweli lizwe ngobo kugqalwa iziko lobomi zenkcubeko nezentlalo.

Yeyona ikomkhulu Kazakhstan inxalenye yayo kumntla. Kuye kwakhiwa kufuphi Noor River, ngasechwebeni i-Ishim River. Ukususela kwixesha abahlali kudaladala kule ndawo sele itsale emathafeni iindawo, njengoko zibekwe ekudibaneni kwe imizila. Ngaphakathi umzi mihla, abembi bezinto zakudala baye bafumana ubungqina yokuhlala, imvelaphi yayo elandwa yeBronzi Age, Iron Age kunye Ages Aphakathi.

Esi sixeko yasekwa ngo-1830 yaye ke ngoko inqaba Cossack. Umsunguli Astana - Colonel F. K. Shubin. Emva kwexesha elithile, le nqaba waqala ukukhula esixekweni. Yaye ngenkulungwane ye-19 Akmola yaba liziko ebalulekileyo neAfrika zesithili siphela. Ukususela ngo-1961 le dolophu igama Tselinograd. Ukususela ngowe-1992, waba Akmola. Ukususela ngo-1998 - Astana. Ikomkhulu esesikweni Kazakhstan yaba sisixeko seshumi ngoDisemba 1997 Okwangoku imini Astana ohlala kweekhilomitha ngaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe square. Kuyinto isixeko enkulu kweli lizwe.

Emva kokufumana kutshintsha ummandla othile uqoqosho elikomkhulu Astana yenzeke inani elikhulu iiprojekthi zophuhliso lwedolophu. Kunye nokwanda kwabantu. Ukuba isixeko inabemi amawaka 270. Abantu, ngowe-2006 eli nani ifikelele angamakhulu amathandathu amawaka ngo-1996.

Ngokutsho ngesigqibo UNESCO, ethe yamkelwa 1999, Astana wawongwa isihloko "sixeko woxolo".

Alma-Ata

Uluhlu, equka sixeko sikhulu ku Kazakhstan, kwisixeko ezinkulu lizwe engekho kwindawo yokuqala. Kuyinto ngaphambi Alma-Ata. Ukususela ku-1927, ukuba ikomkhulu eli lizwe. Nangona ukudluliselwa ngemeko yabo Astana, umzi uhlala ingumasipala kuphela inkulu karhulumente, apho ekhaya kubemi ngaphezu kwesigidi. Ukongeza, uAlma-Ata - iziko zemali kunye yezoqoqosho neyenkcubeko kurhulumente.

City ise kummandla kumzantsi-mpuma Kazakhstan, xa kanye emazantsi Trans-Ili Alatau. Imozulu kule ndawo pretty eliqhelekileyo.

Okumgama isixeko lukhulu Kazakhstan embindini kwelizwekazi yaseYurophu. Kuthiwa ukuba ngama efanayo kulo Gagra kunye Vladivostok. Izakhiwo kunye namaziko ka Almaty zisezindaweni kubude ngamakhulu amathandathu ukuya kwenye, anamakhulu mathandathu kunye neemitha mahlanu ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle.

Imozulu kuwo umzi features a kukuhla kunyuka elikhulu kumaqondo obushushu kunye nezonyaka. iindawo Northern zokuhlala kuhamba emathafeni ashushu, kunye nakumazantsi va enomoya ezihambayo.

Karaganda

kumbindi Kazakhstan umzi kwisahlulo yolawulo-ndawo na kummandla Karaganda. Yeyona iziko kwelizwekazi yaseYurophu. capital Le ngingqi ngumzi Karaganda. Eli liziko enkulu mveliso kunye mveliso, kwinkcubeko kunye yezenzululwazi. bakhona ngo 2006 phantse 452 lamawaka. Man. Njengoko inani kubahlali sixeko sikhulu yesine kweli lizwe.

Karaganda - iziko enkulu lwengingqi, ibekwe kwi kummandla malunga amahlanu anamashumi ngeekhilomitha mahlanu isikwere. Esi sixeko eninzi lwamashishini ngezobunjineli, iimveliso zokutya kunye zenkcenkce, kwakunye wamalahle. Apha kwakhiwa izakhiwo zothutho kunye noqhagamshelwano.

Ukungeniswa lwengingqi na imizi elishumi elinamnye. Okwesibini kuphela Karaganda Temirtau yeyona inkulu. Okunye imizi e Kazakhstan, ibekwe embindini nommandla wayo, oko Balkhash kunye Zhezkazgan, Satpayev Shakhtinsk, kunye Priozersk Saran kunye Abai. Le dolophu indala le ndawo Karkaralinsk. Yasungulwa njenge yokubonisela emkhosini 1824

Ke ukuba imozulu, oku kummandla Karaganda onesimilo kabukhali yezwekazi. Ubusika abangqwabalala, kwaye ixesha zasehlotyeni ulophu. Imali yonyaka imvula ayinamsebenzi. kwezityalo Summer badla kubuna, kunye iziphango ebusika ukugubungela ngokupheleleyo yonke indlela. Entlakohlaza bekhephu linyibilike, ajike imilambo kunye nemiwonyo yimisinga sendudumo.

Shymkent

Nguye kuluhlu, equka izixeko ezininzi ezinkulu weRiphabliki Kazakhstan. Shymken ngumbindi wommandla South Kazakhstan. lo

zakhiwo zesixeko kuloo ndawo. It ezikuyo ngabantu kancinane ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi. Shymkent kuphela sixeko yesithathu ngobukhulu kweli lizwe. Ngaphezu koko, eli kwinkcubeko, ushishino kunye nemizi-iziko ebalulekileyo. Apha ibekwe amashishini amathandathu anesithoba ngezobunjineli, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni, iimveliso zokutya, yokucokisa oyile kunye namashishini imichiza.

Ust-Kamenogorsk

Yeyona ikomkhulu kummandla East Kazakhstan, ngomda kunye China naseRashiya. Esi sixeko yothutho emikhulu kunye hub industrial phakathi iindawo zeAltai Iintaba. Umhla isisekelo - 1720, xa ekudibaneni imilambo Ulba kunye Irtysh ukwakha inqaba ukuzithethelela yaqala. Kumaxesha angaphambili, Ust-Kamenogorsk ebizwa isango iintaba zeAltai, njengoko wacanda onke amaphulo ezintabeni.

Okwangoku, lelona ziko inkulu metallurgical kweli lizwe. Apha eziku imveliso isiqalelo esithambileyo esimhlophe, nesilivere, negolide kaLayishe waseGalim. Developed kushishino ekukhanyeni, ishishini ukutya kunye namahlathi. Isebenza ku Ust-Kamenogorsk mveliso ukuvelisa isilika.

Cities kwimpuma Kazakhstan, yaye zingaba ezilishumi, bahlala Kazakhs kunye Russian. Le yesibini ngobukhulu emva Ust-Kamenogorsk, Semipalatinsk na. Kwakhona libhekisela kummandla Kazakh-Eastern. Esi sixeko yasekwa ngowe 1718. Ekuqaleni, yaba inqaba ukuzithethelela. Iintsapho (Semipalatinsk) yaba ixabiso eliphezulu yorhwebo. Ngalo wegqitha le imizila eya eRashiya ukusuka eMongolia Central Asia evela eSiberia. Ukususela ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngasekupheleni, iintsapho zibe yinto izibuko ebalulekileyo kwi Irtysh River ukuya kuphuhliso yokuthumela. , E Semipalatinsk livelise imveliso yempahla yabathengi. Ikhutshwe apha iintambo zombane, iinkqubo yona, kwakunye neendlela zokusebenza, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo.

Uralsk

Yeyona iziko lolawulo kwingingqi West Kazakhstan. Le ibekwe emathafeni zibukekayo. Okulandelayo nendawo yokuhlala kukho umlambo Derkud, i uviko ilungelo Chagan. Uralsk (Kazakhstan) yahlukile kwindawo yayo wejografi. Kukho umda engabonakaliyo Asia naseYurophu.

Umhla isiseko umzi - 1613. Naso xa yokuhlala Cossack wabonakala kwezi iindawo.

Okwangoku, ummandla umzi namadlelo ayo - kweekhilomitha abangaphezu kwamakhulu asixhenxe square. Ubude iziko yommandla ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi - ezisibhozo, kwaye ukusuka empuma kuye entshona - leekhilomitha elinambini. Uralsk sabantu ka-2009 211 lamawaka. Man. Phakathi kwazo Kazakhs kunye Russian, nangezinto, Ukraine, Belarusians kwaye amaJamani, kwakunye nezinye iintlanga.

Ukuba uluhlu wesixeko Kazakhstan, ezo amaziko mveliso, lwembali lenkcubeko kwiRiphabliki, phakathi kwabo kuya kuba nagama kunye Uralsk. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubukhulu becala kwaqinisa ixabiso layo koqoqosho kunye nesabelo kwemveliso mveliso. Oku ekhuthaza ibekwe alikhulu elinamanci mahlanu yeekhilomitha ukusuka kwisixeko oyile intsimi condensate gas Karachaganak.

Kushishino lwe Uralsk kubandakanyeke amashishini amaninzi. Ezi ziquka amandla kunye nobunjineli, umgubo, cereal kunye nokutya. Developed apha kushishino izinto lula kunye nolwakhiwo.

Petropavlovsk

Esi sixeko liziko yolawulo kummandla North-Kazakhstan. Uthathwa umhla ongumsunguli 1752 Kweli xesha, indawo Petropavlovsk namhlanje yasekwa Fortress St. uPetros.

Namhlanje yokuba lilungu leNdibano International kwamantloko kunye kwizixeko ezikhulu. Ukongeza, isixeko Petropavlovsk (Kazakhstan) - umnini nelamaRafa ezintathu kukhuphiswano ezixeko ngcono ico.

Xa iziko zengingqi kukho iinkampani zokuhamba ezahlukeneyo ezisithoba, imibutho karhulumente kwisigaba yenkcubeko elinesixhenxe, ifundisa abafundi State University. M. Kozybayev.

ore

Ngehlobo lowe-1954 urhulumente waseSoviet wagqiba ukuqalisa ulwakhiwo Sokolov-Sarbai imigodi kunye processing izityalo. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali Ore. Le dolophu yasekwa ngo-1957 phezu kweenxweme Tobol River kummandla Turgai ithafa. Around kuye esolula emathafeni engenasiphelo.

isixeko abuyele isandla nokulingwa Surganova. Xa ngo-1949 ubehamba phezu komda yendalo Sarbay, oko yabhekisela ukuziphatha angaqhelekanga ikhampasi yakhe. Emva kwexesha elithile apha wathumela komhlaba kunye zejografi. Ngaloo ndlela endle Sokolovskoye uyaziwa. City Rudny (Kazakhstan) yayakhiwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngowe-1959 waba wawongwa ubume mzi.

kwiidolophu ezincinane

Kazakhstan sixeko inani labantu ukuya ku amahlanu amawaka kuthiwa encinane ngokusemthethweni. Kwezi, amane ananye edolophini liziko yolawulo kummandla ochaphazelekayo. kuba asiyiyo indawo yokuphumla kwenu. Phakathi kwabo, Temir kunye Stepnogorsk, Gemme kunye Emba, Tekeli kunye Kapchagai, Charsk kunye Serebryansk, Shakhtinsk kunye Priozersk, Kurchatov kunye Saran, Lisakovsk kunye Karazhal, Arkalyk kunye Aksu, Shu kunye Kazalinsk.