Iintlobo zezilwanyana: imizekelo, yokuhlela

Kwiplanethi enguMhlaba, kukho iindidi engapheliyo izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo. Ukuze uqonde kubo, kuyimfuneko ukuhlola indlela yokuhlela, leyo iquka iintlobo, iiklasi kunye namaqela. Iifom inyathelo lokugqibela yokwahlukana, ngenxa yokuba inani labo inkulu kangaka. Kulungile ukuba uthathe ezimbalwa ezisisiseko iintlobo zezilwanyana, nto leyo ziphantsi kakhulu. Ukufunda iintlobo zazo wabavoti woluntu kuya kuba lula ngakumbi.

sponge

Kangangexesha elide ezi zilwanyana babegqalwa izityalo. Inzululwazi wafunda ubume babo kutshanje. uhlobo sponge iquka iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana. Imizekelo ezi zidweliswe ixesha elide. Abameli kuhlala kwindawo emanzini, kodwa zahluke imbonakalo ngendlela encomekayo kakhulu. Iziponji usenokukhangeleka elimfiliba neziqu, iilozenji, amasetyana okanye amaqhuma. Glass emehlweni yezi zilwanyana ukhangela emangalisayo enhle kwaye wobugcisa ngokwenene uhlobo - ekuthiwa-Venus engobozini okanye ulwandle iorenji libonakale intekenteke iyakhanya. Kukho namanqaku eziqhelekileyo - umzekelo, iziponji, ngenkankulu ezihambayo. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo ngalunye ungakwazi ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki ukufumana ukutya - ngokugqithisela ngomzimba tell imiqulu yamanzi, magciwane kuzo idayethi ezi zidalwa engaqhelekanga. Kodwa ke into enika umdla kukuba kuqondana amagama aba izilwanyana igama impahla sokuhlambela okanye ukucoca ayikho ngengozi: kwixesha elidlulileyo le njongo isetyenziswa yi iziponji ukuba inenzuzo ulusu kwaye abe nemfesane kakhulu touch ophilileyo.

coelenterates

Ngoko ke, ngokubalula iintlobo, imizekelo kufuneka yahlulwe ngokweendidi ngokwendlela ntlobo zazo ziphambili. Okulandelayo - coelenterates izidalwa abasweleyo imizimba iqanjwa lamanqanaba ezimbini kuphela eziseleni. Zonke iintlobo, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa, zifumaneka kwi-bume emanzini. Umzekelo, oku evdendrium hydroid, kumaqaqa Acropora okanye siphonophores fizofora. Nganye kwezi ntlobo imbonakalo ekhethekileyo - enye ifana imithi ezincinane, ngoxa abanye zifana iintsiba. Ayavumelana yi ngumkhwa bahlala njengesizwe, kwaye ubume umzimba - njengoko kubonakala ukusuka igama, lweHo- umzimba kuphela emathunjini. Zonke iintlobo lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini: polyp, ezithi zibekwe kwindawo ethile, okanye jellyfish, nto leyo ibe mobile.

worms

Zibala iintlobo ogama uluhlu elide kakhulu, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba uhlobo. Iimpethu ukuze tyaba, ngeenxa kunye engqongwe. Zonke ezi iintlobo isakhiwo emanyeneyo ngongqameko iseli ezininzi - ectoderm, endoderm kunye mesoderm. ukuqanda umzimba worms apho, umzimba libunjwa parenchyma, leyo owenza yonke imisebenzi eyimfuneko. Noko ke, kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo. Flatworms babe esiqwini ebuchotsheni, kumjikelo kukho zimbalwa longitudinal kwaye peripharyngeal umsesane luvo, yaye annelid - inkqubo ama-luvo. Ukongeza, le yokugqibela phambi sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo yokujikeleza, apho abanye abanawo.

squid

Kufuneka ufunde iintlobo kuphela kwakudala. Classification kubandakanya eliphezulu kakhulu ngakumbi eziphilayo, ezifana saselwandle esineqokobhe. It is a uhlobo oluquka inani eliphezulu iintlobo. Ngaba eziphilayo ezihlala elwandle (iimbatyisi, kwengwane, iimbaza, squid), amanzi acocekileyo (iimbaza, viviparus, izilwanyana) okanye emhlabeni emanzi (iinkumba, imigca). Amacala squid yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, zinokuba ezincinane kakhulu (a milimitha ezimbalwa) okanye phezulu ngaphezulu kwe amabini ubude. Abantu abaninzi baphile ubomi ungenzi nto, kodwa ezinye ungahambisa jet indlela. Le squid kunye neentlobo efanayo. molluscs Classification kwakhona kuquka iinketho ezinjengo izilwanyana namaqokobhe kunye gastropod. Abanye babe iqokobhe, eliquka lamanqanaba ezininzi (ezinawo corneum kunye lime), kodwa abaninzi baye balahlekelwa kuyo ikhosi zazivelela. Idibanisa zonke ezi ntlobo, amagama leyo, ngasendleleni, iquka kunye iinkumba, kunye squid, isakhiwo kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. It iqulathe iiyunithi ezintathu ukusuka ngaphambili, oluphakathi kunye namathumbu angasemva. Abanye abantu kwahluka ulwimi dystrophy amazinyo, ngoxa abanye zitya nje, nje Internet ukutya Kwakukhuhlwa ukumiswa amanzi. Zonke iintlobo inkqubo yokujikeleza ayikho lavalwa yaye ibandakanya nempahla nentliziyo kunye nomthambo eziliqela kunye ventricles. eziphilayo emanzini uphefumle iigilizi, emhlabeni - ukukhanya. Inkqubo excretory limelwe nezintso, kwaye luvo - nodes saa ganglia amakhulu.

arthropoda

Zibala iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana, ngeke ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle ukukhankanywa ezi zinto ziphilayo kuluhlu. Arthropods - ukuba centipedes, noonomadudwane, izigcawu, kunye oononkala. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko dvustoronnesimmetrichnye izilwanyana kunye nomzimba yahlulwe komsindo. Umzimba ugcwele Ulobuza ngechitin, leyo ukhonza exoskeleton kunye nokhuselo ngenxa eziphilayo. Ekubeni lo mqathango iquka iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana, imizekelo isixokelelwano sokuphefumla ukuba iphambene - oko kukuthi ukukhanya iigilizi. Zonke abameli inkqubo non-closed kwegazi. imilo umzimba ukwazi zinokohluka. Njengoko umthetho, umzimba iqulathe amacandelo ezininzi: intloko, Isifuba kunye nesisu - yokuba awunazo zonke ezi iintlobo zezilwanyana. Imizekelo, Noko ke, iquka ukwahlukahlukana of: izigcawu intloko nesifuba ukudityaniswa ulusu, kwaye amakhalane zonke ziqwempu ukuba amisele phantse nzima.

kumenze

Ezi ntlobo ziqhelekileyo kwaye yaziwa kakuhle izilwanyana, imifanekiso apho wonke umntu wabona, ningabaleli hlobo. Yeyona eliphezulu kwaye sijonge esqwini skeletal le uvaleke. Uhlobo iquka iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili eziphilayo: oku iitunicates, bescherepnyh kunye lomqolo. Iintlobo zezilwanyana yokuqala, imizekelo apho ezaziwa angaphantsi lee yokugqibela kusenokwenzeka ukuba baphile ngendlela zolwelo medium, anisekele ngamathanga,. Zinelungelo umphanda okanye iqumrhu ingxowa, i-luvo ye-ganglion kunye qwa ngokwaneleyo. eziphilayo ezinjalo ziquka ndidi zilandelayo: squirts ulwandle, Appendicularia, pirosomy kunye nabanye. Ezi zidalwa zizalana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, sisitya ulele, izilwanyana ezincinane, detritus. Yintoni umdla kukuba, ifomu abadala lula, kodwa imibungu kakhulu ngakumbi yaye kakhulu kuphuhliswa qwa. Bescherepnyh asinayo intloko eyahlukileyo, nto leyo ebonisa igama labo. Phefumlela iigilizi kwaye musa ukuba amalungu amaninzi kakhulu, loo nto ithathwa le lancelet idumileyo. Ekugqibeleni, ekuyo - eyaziwa kakhulu ziphuhliswe liqela yezilwanyana. Ziquka zonke iintlobo ezanyisayo, intlanzi, iintaka, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini kunye ezirhubuluzayo. Olu hlobo iye yaguquka ngamaxesha kokubhalwa kwembali. Okwangoku, le ndoda eyaziwa ngeenxa zonke iintlobo ekuyo amawaka mahlanu.