Inkqubo kwegazi akukho ivalwe ize ivalwe

isimiso (non-zivaliwe kwaye wavala) yeyona indlela apho ukuphunyezwa yeentshukumo kunokwenzeka yaququzelela igazi (hemolymph) apha emzimbeni, nto leyo eqinisekisa ubomi ngokupheleleyo. kanye sindululo lwayo kwinkqubo kuvela pulsation kwemisipha intliziyo okanye nokunciphisa ukuqina iindonga aorta kunye imithambo okanye amalungu intshukumo yomzimba kunye kwezihlunu. Kungenxa ngokusebenzisa izithuthi ukusasazwa kwezinto kwenzeka kunye neenkqubo kobushushu ngenxa eziphembelela kunye nezinga metabolic. Ivaliwe okanye inkqubo yokujikeleza evulekileyo: ukuba zahluke njani, yaye ngubani na iimpawu? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo ziza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Inkqubo kwegazi akukho ivaliwe ifumaneka phantse zonke ezingenamqolo, kwakunye chordates asezantsi (Amphioxus in). Blood flow kula eziphilayo ibangelwa kunciphiso intliziyo, okanye "iintliziyo", kwakunye, ukusa kumkhamo othile, ukuncitshiswa izihlunu zomzimba. Eyona uphawu - isixa esikhulu igazi ngesantya esiphantsi kwayo.

sisixokelelwano esivalekileyo yegazi ingaba ziingxaki anazo omnye zethala (iintlanzi kunye cyclostomes) kunye ezimbini - ezincinane nezinkulu (izirhubuluzi, izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, iintaka, ezanyisayo). Ayahamba na isangqa amancinane elikhulu igazi utshintsha ngamaxesha nokubunjwa kwayo, kwaye lwemithambo, into wegazi. A izilwanyana zinegazi elibandayo, nkqu lwemithambo ephikisanayo kunye emithanjeni okanye intliziyo aortic, bomyinge wamanzi igazi esezantsi. Ukutshintshisana kwezinto phakathi kwegazi kunye nezihlunu umzimba kwenziwa zeendonga capillary ojingayo. Yokuhluza iimveliso siqala kwenzeka kakhulu nezintso, okanye ezinye amaqumrhu ngokwahlukana.

Inkqubo kwegazi akukho ivaliwe abangafezekanga kakhulu, kodwa phakathi abanini inkqubo yokujikeleza closed kakhulu efanelekileyo iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Abameli zezi zigaba iquka kwentliziyo ezimbini ezine-zawo kunye ejikelezayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, igazi esimbaxa awuze ogalelwe igazi lwemithambo. koxinzelelo Akumangalisi sezingeni eliphezulu. Enye inzuzo - inani elininzi igazi ngokusebenzisa iimpahla (kuthelekiswa xesha linye kuye kwasasazwa igazi izinambuzane nama-22 emizuzu, inja - oku eyi-16, yaye umvundla - imizuzwana 7.5). Kuyinto ngenxa ezi mpawu kunokwenzeka ezifudumeleyo-bloodedness kweentlobo eliphezulu zezilwanyana, nto leyo evumela ukuba okuqhubekayo iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo. Eziziimpawu iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye kahle eliphezulu metabolic.

Blood kwegazi emzimbeni womntu inikwa yi yindibanisela intliziyo, kona kusebenzayo ngathi impompo. Phakathi kwezinye izinto ezinegalelo intshukumo gazi - iintshukumo zokuphefumla, ukunciphisa umsipha skeletal, umahluko ingcinezelo nasezimpahleni. Enye awayebalasele umsebenzi kwentliziyo - rate intliziyo. Pulse - a ukwandiswa ngamaxesha kwemithambo, leyo ihambelana izishunqulelo kwemisipha kwentliziyo. esasidla yayo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka ubunzima bomzimba, iqondo lobushushu kunye nemeko umzimba, uxinezeleko emzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo, njalo-njalo. I eliqhelekileyo Izinga Intliziyo ukuba omdala ibetha 60-80 ngomzuzu. Isantya ezahlukahlukeneyo kwegazi kwimikhumbi evela ngaphantsi kwe-1 mm / umzuzwana kwi emithanjeni-50 cm / s kwi imithambo ezinkulu. yonke Ukubolekisa igazi wonke umzimba nama-20-25 imizuzwana. Igazi ihambisa kwizinga eliphantsi omkhulu kwi aorta kunye imithambo ezinkulu yaye incinane, nokuba ezimbi, ngemithambo vuphukuphuku. Umva ukuhamba kwegazi nokuthintela kwemithambo leyo uvale i orifice atrioventricular, umlomo pulmonary kunye aorta, kwaye kwemithambo afumaneka kwi ezindongeni mithambo ezinkulu. Xa ezaneleyo contractile umsebenzi wentliziyo flow igazi bangaphazamiseki.

Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi akukho ivalwe ize ivalwe iimpawu ezizodwa kakhulu ukuba uqiniseke ukuba ukwazi yonke eyayifunde kakhulu, hayi nje umntu.