Iintlobo zokhuseleko. Iintlobo lwamagqabantshintshi zokhuseleko

Wonke umntu ufuna ukuba azive lokukhuselwa naluphi na uhlobo owayeneengxaki. Kodwa ihlabathi mihla engalindelekanga. Ngoko ke, kukho imfuneko ukuthatha unonophelo impumelelo ukhuseleko. Kuthetha ukuthini? Loo urhulumente kuthetha ukhuseleko zonke iimfuno ezibalulekileyo ngamnye kunye karhulumente kunye noluntu luphela evela izisongelo ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle okanye zangaphakathi. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuseleko impahla semvelo zonke iinkqubo ezaziwayo. Ngokwayo, elithi sokuzingela entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye nodidi yaso.

Iintlobo ezempilo kunye nokhuseleko

Ngoku anikezele malunga neshumi elinesibini kweendidi yayo: zokusingqongileyo, mveliso, ulwazi, umlilo, ezoqoqosho, emkhosini, ngaphakathi, yangaphandle, wesizwe ... Zonke ezi ntlobo eziphambili wokhuselo uthabathe isenzo ngoorhulumente ehlabathini lonke. Njengoko kubonisiwe, ngalunye kwezi ndidi kuya kuxoxwa nzulu ngezantsi mbandela.

ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo

Eli qela ibandakanya iimeko ezinjalo, izenzo, kunye neenkqubo ezijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni kwezinto eziphilayo kwimeko-bume ekhoyo. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi ndidi yokhuseleko kufuneka ningaziziseli nawuphi na umonakalo okanye usongo a umsebenzi inkqubo eqhelekileyo. Ukongeza, i- ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ibandakanya zonke iintlobo amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko izinto ezibalulekileyo ngamnye kwaye abantu xa iyonke, ngokunjalo indalo yazo naziphi na izisongelo ezikhoyo okanye okunokwenzeka. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, iingenziwa zombini imiba anthropogenic kunye zendalo echaphazela ihlabathi elisingqongileyo. iintlobo ezikhoyo zezempilo nezokhuseleko kuthetha ukuba izinto ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo izidingo zokomoya kwaye ebambekayo izifundo, amalungelo abo. Ukongeza, oku kubhekiswa kuzo zonke iintlobo izibonelelo zendalo, ngokunjalo yonke indalo njengesiseko eziphathekayo karhulumente kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo.

systematization EB

Njengazo zonke ezinye iintlobo zokhuseleko, ukhuselo lokusingqongileyo nkqubo yayo. Kulo mzekelo, oko yindlela ezizodwa esibonelela ixabiso kuvumelekile na ifuthe elibi zombini izinto zendalo kunye nomntu ezenziwe kwi umntu akuyo. Ezi ngokwemveli ziquka ebanzi uvavanyo lokusingqongileyo, iliso kweendawo kunye nezigqibo ezahlukeneyo zolawulo. Iindlela yokubonelela ukhuseleko ziquka:

1. Iindlela esweni umgangatho kokusingqongileyo (ngokungqongqo iindlela ubuninzi womlinganiselo). Eli qela libandakanya kuphela ezo iindlela kungabangela ukunika ixabiso ngqo ye parameter yamanani. Ezi ziquka chemical, enombala, emzimbeni, njl, Okanye izinto eziphilayo (ukuba zinxulumene iindlela ubuninzi, ekubeni isiphumo ifunyenwe ngokohlobo amagama).

2. Iindlela ziquka modelling kunye nolwemozulu iziphumo kunokwenzeka (uhlalutyo inkqubo, amandla, njalo njalo).

3. Iindlela Ludityanisiwe: yabhalwa zamaqela ezahlukeneyo ngasentla kuthetha (umz, eziphilayo neendawo ezinobungozi).

4. bume zolawulo olunobulunga.

ukhuseleko lwesizwe

Related kule didi iintlobo zokhuseleko isethi imiyalelo ilwamkele kunye neenjongo zophuhliso, kwakunye isicwangciso lonke malunga nokugcinwa kwinqanaba ukhuseleko lomntu ngamnye kunye nemeko noluntu ngokubanzi ezisongela yangaphandle nangaphakathi zendalo ezahlukeneyo (kwezopolitiko, ezentlalo, emkhosini, imvelo, eyenziwe ngumntu, njalo njalo) kunye akhawunti ngexesha amandla kunye nezibonelelo ezikhoyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukhuseleko lwesizwe iqulathe amaqela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: karhulumente, eyenziwe ngumntu, ulwazi, intlalo, amandla, ezoqoqosho kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, kufuneka yakhomba ukhuselo ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo izisongelo zokhuseleko eqhelekileyo yokusebenza eli lizwe. Ukuqinisekisa izinga elifunekayo ukhuseleko kuquka yonke entsonkothileyo kwezomthetho, ezempilo, emkhosini, iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nezopolitiko kunye nemisebenzi, umsebenzi engundoqo apho kukuzuza ubomi obuqhelekileyo yohlanga, kwakunye nokususwa owandulelayo zonke izisongelo kunokwenzeka. Ukuba izenzo ezinjalo ngokuqhelekileyo kuquka ukukhuselwa ucwangco loluntu kunye nentlalo, isidima sobummandla kunye ulongamo, inkululeko, uhlanga, ucwangco loluntu, kunye nangaphezulu. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni abajongene ukhuseleko lwesizwe - ke ubukrelekrele, emkhosini, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nezakhiwo zempilo.

izakhiwo imveliso eyingozi

Ngaphandle kwazo zonke ezinye anikezele okwangoku ezi ntlobo izisongelo zokhuseleko ngexesha naziphi na iimeko likaxakeka kwicandelo mveliso ezivelayo. Olu didi lubandakanya imiphumo kokuvela kwizoyikiso zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba ezi ndidi lokhuseleko azisebenzi endle ukhuseleko emsebenzini kunye nempilo. Zombini ezi yezihloko kuphela ngokuyinxenye ezichaphazela omnye. Eyona njongo iphambili ukhuseleko kwimizi kuthathwa ukuba ukuncitshiswa okanye epheleleyo ukunqongophala imiphumo kwiimeko zongxamiseko emsebenzini. Ngokwahlukeneyo kuyimfuneko ukucacisa oko kanye ukuthini kwenkcazo ngaphambili igama. Ngengozi - ke ukutshatyalaliswa naziphi na izixhobo zobugcisa kunye / okanye izakhiwo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso. Olu didi kwakhona bakuzibalela udubulo kwaye ukukhululwa kwamalweyile ngendlela eyingozi abantu okanye izinto okusingqongileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukhuseleko yabasebenzi ejolise sigcine impilo kunye nobomi abasebenzi. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokusekelwe lonke ngasentla, kwisigqibo sokuba kukho kwiimeko zongxamiseko apho Musani ukubaphatha kakubi abasebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-reverse nako iimeko apho kukho isoyikiso empilweni okanye kubomi bombutho.

Types of Safety Fire

Mhlawumbi enye yezona ntlekele ihlasimlis ehlabathini namhlanje umlilo, ngokuba ngethuba ekudibaneni kwemichiza aqhame futhi ngokukhawuleza isasazeka iimveliso ezahlukeneyo yokutsha. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba athathe onke amanyathelo ngoko nangoko ukuthintela ukuba isisongelo ukwenzeka kwayo. Ezi iintlobo zokhuseleko abanayo ibandakanya isethi amanyathelo, nto leyo luphawulwa ithuba yokunqanda isisongelo ukuvela isasazeka lomlilo. Ukongeza apho, ingqwalasela eyodwa ihlawulwe kwimiphumo imiba ayingozi ebantwini nempahla ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, le ukhuseleko umlilo luya kufikelelwa ngokusebenzisa ufakelo kwiinkqubo zothintelo komlilo, kwakunye zokukhusela umlilo okhethekileyo. Ukongeza, phakathi kwabaqeshwa ngu ngamathuba athile kuyimfuneko ukwenza amanyathelo zeziko technical ezahlukeneyo kunye namajelo. Izenzo ezinjalo ziza kunceda ekuphuculeni amanqanaba olwazi lokufunda abemi iimeko zonxunguphalo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba incoko enjalo - yeyona ixhaphakileyo lwamagqabantshintshi iintlobo ngokhuseleko ngomlilo.

isimiso esibanzi

Yonke imimiselo yangoku bakhelwe kwindawo eqhelekileyo, ocacisa ukuba ukuvela kunye nophuhliso lomlilo akunakwenzeka ukuba intsebenziswano iyapheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngumthombo ucinezelo kunye naziphi na izinto ezinokutsha. Eneneni, zisekelwe kumgaqo ngasentla yaye phantsi nophuhliso imigaqo yokhuseleko emlilweni. Ngoko ke, eyona njongo iphambili yonke loo imisebenzi ukwahlukana iba ngumthombo lomlilo kunye izinto ezinokutsha ukunqanda ucinezelo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi akunakwenzeka ukugqiba ukwahlulwa iinxalenye ngasentla, kuba sibamba ngazibini kubo suschestvlyaetsya inkqubo. Xa ezinjalo iimeko, eziyingozi isakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ibekwe kuzo, zikhuselwe ngokuthembekileyo kunye neenkqubo ezikhethekileyo ngokuzenzekelayo, ezifana alarm (ukukhanya, isandi, njl) kunye cima ikhompyutha likaxakeka.

Iintlobo lwamagqabantshintshi ukhuseleko lomlilo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, omnye amanyathelo zeziko kunye technical kakhulu ngempumelelo ezi incoko kunye benkampani. Okwangoku, ezi ndidi zilandelayo lwamagqabantshintshi ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi: ezitshayelelayo, yamabanga, nezolo, kunye kokwehla nezingacwangciselwanga. Bonke bephela ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni nezenzo zabasebenzi nokubhala xa ngomlilo.

ukhuseleko ulwazi

Okwangoku, uhlobo enjalo yimeko ekhethekileyo bume ezenziwe ngabantu. It has a wokhuseleko data ubuninzi. Ezi iintlobo zokhuseleko lolwazi ezijolise ekuthinteleni njalo-ebizwa ngokuba 'ukuvuza "inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuthintelwa izenzo ezingekho mthethweni kubo. Isiseko ukhuseleko ulwazi lwalo naluphi na into okhuselweyo kucingelwa ukuba ukufakelwa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Aziwa njengoku kwinkqubo yokhuseleko ulwazi (SOIB). Bakholelwa ukuba zonke izakhiwo ezinkulu okanye umbutho ukusebenza ngolwazi oluyimfihlo, bethatha usebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo. Ngoko ke, ezi ndidi kweenkqubo zokhuseleko kufuneka:

1. Dibana iimfuno zombutho wakho.

2. Qaphela iimfuno zombini komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe.

3. Ukuze Fundisa wazama evavanyiweyo imigangatho kunye neendlela zokusebenza ukulungiselela iinkqubo zokwakha.

4. Yaba iiyunithi aze ayisasaze phakathi kwiindawo yoxanduva.

5. Qhuba imiyalelo nkqubo yokhuseleko ulwazi.

yokuphepha emsebenzini

Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, lo mgaqo njengako apho wonke umntu unelungelo lokusebenza. Kugcine zilawulwe iimfuno eziphambili zesifundo. Noko ke, nayo yonke le nto, umqeshi kufuneka ukukhusela umqeshwa evela iingozi ezinokubakho ezinokuthi zivele ngexesha lemisebenzi imveliso. Okwangoku, ezi ndidi zilandelayo ukhuseleko: zomthetho, zombutho, zobugcisa, amanyathelo yezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezinye ejoliswe ekudaleni iimeko ezithandwa ngomqeshwa ngamnye.

ukhuseleko lwezimali

Loo isimo mbandela ngokwemveli luphawulwa ebusweni ingeniso ezinzileyo kunye nezinye izibonelelo, elo ilifa apho ikuvumela ukugcina umgangatho eqhelekileyo abahlala kweli xesha langoku, ukuze kwixa elizayo. Ezi ntlobo ukhuseleko ziquka ulondolozo le yokuhlawula amatyala njengesiqhelo, ukhuseleko zengqesho kunye nokungena nokuphuma kwemali nokucwangcisa ixesha elizayo.

Ukhuseleko ezisongela zomkhosi

Loo isigaba ingathatyathwa njengesakhi ebalulekileyo ukhuseleko lwesizwe. Le nkulumo kuthetha ukukhuselwa ngamnye njengomntu, nabo bonke kukarhulumente kunye noluntu luphela evela izisongelo zomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi ngenene ingenzeka kweziganeko ezichazwe ngasentla kuncitshiswe. iziphumo efanayo aokusetyenziswa ngenxa yokungabikho nkuthazo ukusebenzisa amandla wamajoni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isigaba ngaphezulu unesethi zokhuseleko, zombini imilinganiselo ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Eyokuqala abonisa ngokucacileyo ubuchule ukunqanda ndlongo evela ngaphandle, ngokunjalo namathuba imifanekiso. Le yokugqibela, nayo, kwenza inkqubo amanyathelo ejolise ekudaleni nokugcina ukulungela wonke ummi yokuthintela ungquzulwano.

yokhuseleko lwangaphakathi

Iqela ekuthethwa ijolise ngokuphumeza amanyathelo ezahlukeneyo ukuseka nokugcina indawo ekhuselekileyo kweli lizwe. kufuneka liphuhliswe Zonke ezi zenzo, ugxininise ukulwa ngempumelelo nazo zonke iintlobo amatyala ngaphakathi kwimeko ethile.

Ukukhuselwa kwimpembelelo yangaphandle

Kukholelwa ukuba ukhuseleko ekuthiwa-lwangaphandle ngokwemveli yaphunyezwa isisombululo oluchanekileyo kwezoqoqosho, kwezopolitiko, ezentlalo kunye nezinye iimeko ezivela ngaphandle elizweni. Eyona njongo iphambili kwaye ibalulekileyo amanyathelo kukuthintela isisongelo ubunqolobi ngamazwe.