Imali Swiss lo franc Swiss: izinga lotshintshiselwano

Ngenxa yotshintsho rhoqo kwimephu neAfrika zehlabathi, abantu abaninzi baye bedidekile oko ilizwe apho uyaqina bobabo. Ingakumbi ukususela asinguye wonke ubani uyazi ukuba imali isetyenziswa ngabantu kwilizwe elithile. Ngokomzekelo, abanye abantu uthandabuze ingaba nayiphi na imali e-Switzerland apha ekuhambeni namhlanje. Ngenxa yokuba eli lizwe - ilungu le-European Union, yaye kufuneka kubekho Euro lwemali. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene? Kubonakala, akukho.

Imali e Switzerland

Iminyaka emininzi, imali kweli lizwe azitshintshanga kwaye zibizwa ngokuba "franc Swiss". Yamaphepha wakhululwa Swiss National Bank kunye iinkozo kubalwa Swiss Mint. Namhlanje ke imali kuphela iYurophu enobunye phantsi kwegama "franc".

Ngokungafaniyo kwamanye amazwe, Switzerland uye lweelwimi ezininzi ezisemthethweni. Ngoko ke lwemali Swiss kuthiwa ngokusesikweni ngeelwimi ezine. Kubonakala ngathi le nto:

• Franco - Italian;
• Franken - German;
• franc - ngesiRomansh kunye nesiFrentshi.

yeemali ezincinane uze ube igama elahlukileyo. Enye franc - is:

• 100 rappenov (rappen) - in German;
• 100 chentesimo (centesimo) - in Italian;
• 100 Rapp (rap) - ngesiRomansh;
• 100 centimes (centime) - French.

currency obubhalwe Swiss iileta CHF Latin, ikhowudi kwi-ISO - 756 okanye 4217. Kuyabonakala ukuba lo ukonyulwa lwemali Amagama sFr ezisetyenziswa kweli, ₣, Sfr, FS, SF, okanye FR

nomlando

Njengoko currency ozimeleyo lo franc Swiss Wabonakala kwingingqi 1850. Yena indawo imali owahlukeneyo "Hambani" kwi cantons (adminedinitsah ilizwe) kude kube lelo xesha. Ezinye cantons yi eli xesha sele isicelo i Franks - imali kuzwelonke eFransi. Ukunqanda chaos kunye nokuseka ubunye lwemali kwi-Swiss siseko igatya ekhethekileyo yenziwa ngo 1848. iiyunithi Ukuprintwa lwemali zazinegama kwi urhulumente ukukhokela kuphela Switzerland. Emva koko, lo franc Swiss, Zakhululwa ukujikeleza Meyi 7, 1850, kwathiwa lwemali olulodwa.

Abangama-8 uthotho engamaphepha zashicilelwa ejikeleza. Last - ku ezahlukene 1994-1998. Design Umbhali - Yorgan Zinttsmayer. Yanikezela ukuba amanani edume hlabathi zobugcisa.

i franc Swiss ebesoloko kakuhle izinzile. Wayitsala kakhulu kanye kuphela, ekupheleni kukaSeptemba 1936. Ke lwemali Swiss devalued yi amathathu ekhulwini.

imali

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Swiss National Bank ekhutshwe angu kumahlelo ahlukeneyo. Baye bonke ngegalelo ubungakanani, umbala kunye ipateni. lwemali iphepha Swiss uye parameters adweliswe kule tafile.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba yonke imifanekiso kwi yamaphepha zilungiswe nkqo, ngoxa ibhanki ithi kumazwe amaninzi - tye. imali Swiss inemibala kakhulu, ephepheni elungileyo, kwaye zonke iqondo efunekayo wokhuseleko. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le mithetho isayilwayo ezidlulileyo - owesixhenxe - ngcelele, kuphuhliswa 1983-1985, yaye kwakukho kuphela iprojekthi. Ukuba abazange bafakwa ejikeleza abe ezingasafunekiyo.

Le entsha engamaphepha

Namhlanje, Switzerland ilungiselela ukuze kukhululwe wave entsha engamaphepha,-9 ilandelelana. mqambi yawo Manuel Pfrunder. umhla ukukhululwa First komdyarho entsha ekukhanyeni kwacetywa-2010. Kodwa ukuze kuphuhliswe amatyala yokhuseleko kwizinga eliphezulu isiganeko elinye iminyaka emibini. Noko ke, ngo-Februwari 2012 i-National Bank of eSwitzerland, ingxelo kwenziwa kwakhona. Ithe kukho iingxaki ozifumanayo kwaye elinye ekuqaleni kwimveliso ubuncinane ngonyaka. Kwandula ke kwabakho omnye nkomfa. Ngokutsho Iingxelo zakutshanje, kuthotho omtsha ukuba ikhutshelwe uluntu kule minyaka 2016-2019 lekhefu. Sele ejikelezayo ngo-Epreli 2016 kwaphuma CHF entsha-50. Kodwa nangona zonke yolibaziseko, emva kweveki kwi yase ezitsha kutyhilwa iingxaki. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi imali Swiss uya kubuyela ukuba uhlaziyo.

zemali

Phakathi ingqekembe yamaphepha yesinyithi apha 5, 10 no-20 rappenov. Kodwa kukho metal 5, 2 no-1 CHF kanye lwemali franc kwisiqingatha. Kwi i "imali" kwaye kubhaliwe kwathiwa - 1/2. iingqekembe ezincinane iyanyamalala kancane ukusuka ejikeleza. eziinkozo zazinegama 1 centime wayeka kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, kunye zemali iimvaba 2 Rapp liphela ngakumbi ngo-1974.

Zonke ngqekembe Swiss sibe imilo rhoqo ngeenxa zonke. Pyatirappenovye kubalwa imali ingxubevange Al, Ni ne Cu. Yonke eminye - of Cu kunye Ni ezimbaxa. Kwixabiso ubuso iinkozo-20, 10 no-5 ibonisa intloko rappenov (kwiprofayili) uthixokazi inkululeko. Kwiingqekembe 2 no-1 franc Swiss ekhona ukukhula ngokupheleleyo. lwemali-franc emihlanu zinokuhonjiswa umfanekiso hero lesizwe Swiss - uWilliam Tell.

Ngomhla ngasemva iinkozo ntetho ihlelo labo, kunye isidanga emdiliyeni okanye oki.

ngobuciko yokutshintsha imali

Exchange Swiss Francs nayiphi na enye imali mazenziwe kule amanqaku zizodwa zifumanekayo nande kulo lonke elo lizwe. Kwakhona, inkonzo wotshintshiselwano ziyafumaneka nayiphi na ibhanki. Kodwa apha kufuneka ukhumbule malunga nexesha. Iibhanki bakhonza abathengi ukusuka 8:00 ukuya ngo 16:00. Amanye amaziko zebhanki ukusebenza de 18:00, kodwa kunokuba umnyinyiva. Exchange franc Swiss kwi dollar US okanye enye lwemali ngokusebenzisa "umzimba", nto leyo ifumaneka kufuphi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe okanye moya kunokuba ukusuka yesithandathu kusasa ukuya ngentsimbi yeshumi ebusuku. Ezinye ii-ofisi exchange, wenza umsebenzi imini nobusuku.

Ukuba ndihle ufuna i "umzimba" isixeko akafuni ngokwenene uyafuna, ungenza ukutshintshiselana ngqo kwi hotele (nayiphi na). Kulo mzekelo, akuyi kuya kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka elunxwemeni kwekhosi. Kodwa kungcono ukutshintsha imali ngaphambi kokuba eze Switzerland apha lonto:

• franc Swiss na ekuqaleni okwenziwe anomoya;
• I athandwe kakhulu lwemali ufuna ukutshintsha izinga lotshintshiselwano ngaphantsi iya kuba; Hi ndlela leyi, engange Russian - le yenye imali kancinci kweli lizwe.

Ukuba ugqiba ukuba cash imali kwi-ATM, unako "ukususa" njengoko euro franc Swiss. Isimanga, kodwa credit cards kweli lizwe akuxhaphakanga kakhulu. Ubuncinane, xa kuthelekiswa ne-England okanye eMelika. Noko ke, ikhadi lamatyala unako ukuhlawula phantse nayiphi na indawo yoluntu: ivenkile, indawo yokutyela, ehotele. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba eSwitzerland for credit cards ivame kumda esezantsi isixa ukuba zingahlawulwa ngale ndlela. Amaninzi oko 25-30 franc. Oku kuthetha ukuba isixa lingaphantsi kwe-iseti nawe kufuneka uhlawule ngemali.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ugayo lo franc Swiss ngokuchasene dollar inokuba kuba kumlinganiselo we-1 CHF = 1,03 USD, lo gama i-Euro - 1 CHF = 0,92 EUR.

Ngenisa yamazwe angaphandle kwelo lizwe, ngakumbi iintlawulo eziziinkozo

ESwitzerland, akukho miqobo neentengo kwamanye amazwe nayiphi na imali yelinye ilizwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba lizwe Ungangenisa / ukuthunyelwa zonke iintlobo zemali kunye naluphi na inani.

Kodwa kukho iinkcukacha umdla. Ngokutsho nesigqibo urhulumente Swiss, kunye kaJanuwari 1, 2016 umntu, kuhlawulwa ngemali kwi imali engaphezu kwe-100,000 franc, ubophelelekile ukuba aveze isazisi sakhe. Ngale ndlela, kweli lizwe silwa zemali. Umntu owenza isigqibo ukuhlawula kuthenga enkulu yemali, umbutho we-Confederation banyanzelekile ukuba ifune ubungqina besazisi. Ngaphezu koko, ikopi yesiqinisekiso lomthengisi kufuneka ashiye ekhaya. Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo ngokuba semthethweni kwentengiselwano kwaye kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kufumaneke imali ngokungekho semthethweni, siqinise-umthengisi kufuneka ukunxibelelana oku kubasebenzi Bureau on kumzabalazo wokulwa imali ngokungekho semthethweni of bufunyenwe ngokungekho mthethweni.

Le mfunelo isebenza kuphela kumaqumrhu abathatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi zoshishino. Iintlawulo phakathi kwamanani hayi phantsi abantu emzimbeni.

Irhafu-free kunye VAT

VAT (Value Added Tax) eSwitzerland, esamkelwa kwinqanaba 7.5%. Oku kunye nezinye iirhafu ifakiwe ngqo kwi itshekhi xa nokuhlawula kwiinkonzo kunye nokuthengwa kweempahla. Kweli lizwe, kukho enye phawu - imbuyekezo ye-VAT (VAT) xa eshiya lizwe. Ukusebenzisa le nkonzo, kufuneka uthathe evenkileni netsheki eyodwa ikhutshwa phezu noqeqesha ngenkqubo yokundwendwela. Isixa kubonisiwe kulo, kufuneka ngaphezu 500 CHF. Kulo mzekelo, xa eshiya lizwe kufuneka uqhagamshelane ibhanki ibekwe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Ukuze thaca ipasipoti netsheki ekhethekileyo mali CHF 500, uya kubuyela-80% ye-mali ka-VAT.

Ngamanye amaxesha imali ayifakwanga xa bephuma elizweni, kwaye kancinane emva koko. Kulo mzekelo, khangela isitampu ezizodwa ziya kusiwa. Kufuneka zithunyelwe ngeposi nokufika ekhaya kunye nemali zidweliswe kwikhadi.

Ezinye kwiivenkile ezinkulu Switzerland ukuze kubuyisela VAT kwi ndawo ngemali. kuya kufuneka kwakhona ukuba niyinikele ipasipoti.

Apho "ukuhamba" i franc Swiss?

Siye sahlolisisa kwemali ejikeleza ngaphandle kweBhanki, hayi kuphela eSwitzerland. Kuye Kusasazwa nakwezinye iindawo. Ukususela ngo-1924, lo franc Swiss ke lwemali esemthethweni Liechtenstein ebizwa ngokuba ubukumkani. Kwaye kukho ongenalungelo kuphela ukusebenzisa Franks kwi izibalo, kodwa ukuba zibe ejikelezayo (Mint). Into ebalulekileyo franc kubalwa kule ndawo, kukuba iinkozo, wakhululwa ngomhla ummandla Liechtenstein, ukuze "ukuhamba" kuphela ngaphakathi ubukumkani. Ngoko ke, ilungelo obekekileyo ukukhupha imali sisebenza kuphela franc isikhumbuzo.

franc Swiss zithathwa imali lwaseburhulumenteni kwelinye indawo. It Campione d'Italia. Inyaniso yeyokuba nangona oku ngokusesikweni exclave ibekwe kwi kumhlaba Italian, oko singqongwe kummandla Canton of Ticino ezinxulumene Switzerland. Ngoko ke, uqoqosho Campione d'Italia ixhulumane kungekhona neRoma ibekwe kuthi akusondela, ne Switzerland. Eli lizwe unika abahlali yomnxeba exclave, iinkonzo imeyile, iinkonzo kwizibhedlele, kwizikolo zoqeqesho, kunye nangaphezulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba imali Swiss nga ozakuthathwa lwemali esemthethweni, kwaye la mazwe.