Imbongi Russian Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev: engobomi emfutshane, ubuchule kunye ibali lobomi

UMphathiswa wezoBulungisa, a laseburhulumenteni abadumileyo nembongi enkulu wazalelwa Simbirsk, kusapho mihlaba. Igama lakhe Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. biography emfutshane ubalisa ibali ubomi kunokuba nzima ekuqaleni kunye nomsebenzi. Isimo abazali bakhe badumele Pugachovskim imvukelo, ngoko elinesine, uIvan waba esiqhelekileyo bake webutho.

ebuntwaneni

Boy wakhulela kwilali kufuphi Syzran, kancinane wafunda e Kazan kunye Simbirsk, apho wayehlala kwizikolo zokubhoda, kodwa unyana le ntsapho elingatsalanga noqeqesho, kunye uIvan wabuyela kwilali, apho ukuba bayigqibe imfundo yabo ngokwabo. Ngokomzekelo, yena kakuhle ulwimi isiFrentshi, ukufunda nje nokuguqulela zonke iintlobo amabali ezibe kwithala leencwadi lomzali. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane akanakukwazi ukubaginya zombini kokufaneleka imbongi omncinane yakhe, yaba okunenjongo kakhulu.

Ngokukodwa, ebethanda zintsomi ka La Fontaine, leyo waguqulela descenders nje kuphela, kodwa eyenzelwe ubuciko, kunye nemvano zandi. Ngoko uyotywe zintsomi bakhe, wazama ukuba uqambe kubo ngokwakhe. Ngowe-1774, uIvan ubenibanga, ukuba bakhonze kwi bake webutho, apho oko kwabhalwa kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, waza wemka St. Petersburg.

Balingane wayeyoliswa kakhulu fun, kodwa ngobugcisa kakhulu umfana, ukubalisa emangalisayo, kwaye nkqu yimbongi. Amabali elide ukuze ababalisele eyakhayo, kodwa kwangaxeshanye lifutshane kakhulu. Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane eyaziwa nokuba besikolo ngenkankulu ukuphononongwa kakuhle abaphila, ngokuba kanye elo xesha ulwimi mihla Russian eyavela oko ngoku ukubiza lwakudala.

Ngumfundi kunye isiqalo ngendlela yokudala

Ngowe-1783 wabuyela eSt Petersburg NM Karamzin. Ivan wadibana umbhali kuye phantse boyika, bona badla baze bancokole ngezo ncwadi abafunda, ukuya yeqonga kunye, wacinga uhlelo lowu yayo. Emva kwexesha ngokwenene Karamzin waliseka imibongo i "Moscow Journal", bekukho zapapashwa Dmitrieva.

Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich (1760-1837) imbali ngokufutshane ibonisa ukuba owayengumfundi N. M. Karamzina. Xa kwimibhalo, waba ngeendlela ezininzi kunye nabalandeli bakhe. Ngo-1777 waqalisa indlela yakhe zemibongo, xa "St. Petersburg izazinzulu iGazethi" epapashwe umbongo wakhe wokuqala. Noko ke, imbongi ngokwakhe akazange oku ekuqaleni ingqalelo: yonke wabhala phambi Ngo1791, ebizwa amagama anemvano engenanto.

waduma njengombhali

Kodwa ingoma, "iyalila ihobe ihobe", wazuza ithandwa kangaka ngo-1792, oko akuzange umntu ukuba sithozame. Kwakhona tale "Umfazi kusefashonini" satirical kwakhona ngokubanzi kakhulu kuyaxoxwa ngezangqa boncwadi. Dmitriev waba inkosi esivunyiweyo kwendinyana ezibuthathaka, zonke iintlobo landscape yemibongo - epigrams, madrigals, iilebhile nje. Wabhala satires kunye zintsomi, abakulungeleyo ukuphulaphula nokuphindaphinda uluntu Russian.

abaphila kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, nangona wasebenzisa Dmitriev endala Derzhavin zamagama ngenkulungwane elinesibhozo, kodwa izisa ukuba uncwadi Russian kakhulu abakhe bakhe entsha ngokupheleleyo, ezifana yababini zemibongo, isigqebelo, izinto zasekhaya (ngaphambili engamkelekanga "isimbo high"), kwaye musa i zibuye kude ubomi ukuba naye akazange yinqobo ukuya kwisihobe ixesha. Kodwa ulwimi, ewe, lixesha, kunye njengobuxoki, ekufuneka ukusombulula intsinda-badala ngokucotha, ukusondela yenyama, nangona zonke ezifomatayo iye eziqaqambileyo nobuhlakani.

uphando lwemveli

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, bonke baqhele ukufikelela engqondweni yakhe Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev. biography emfutshane isixelela ukuba kukho omnye kuphela kwisikolo apho wachitha bonke ubomi bakhe, yaye esi sikolo - lobuciko. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, utsaleleke ingoma Russian, waze wazama ukuzenza eziqokelelwayo. Wafunda iitekisi, babambe iimpawu, ukwakheka, isakhiwo, isigama.

Mhlawumbi oku kwamnceda Dmitriev ukubhala iingoma ukuba wayecula kwigumbi zonke eziphilayo, "Sizyi ihobe", "Yithi tu, ukuginya ..." "Owu, xa ebesazi ngaphambili ...". bonke bephela efana kakhulu ukuba axelise iingoma endala. Inguqulelo zoncwadi lwe novellicheski yazo yenziwa, oko kukuthi, narratively, kunye nedrama kwamagingxi kwivesi cwaka, imvakalelo ethambileyo, usizi esinombala okhanyayo. Kwakhona kuba bexesha wayecinga, ukuba yemibongo Dmitriev baye balahlekelwa uburhabaxa kunye ndikho amabinzana intsomi Russian. Xa imibhalo yakhe wabhala ngokuzithandela phantse nangoko umculo ngu abaqambi dumeke ezifana Verstovsky, Dubyansky, Zhuchkovsky.

Ingqokelela yokuqala iingoma

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane ebalisa ibali yesiqhelo uburharha yakhe okulungileyo nokuthantamisa, yapapashwa ukuqokelelwa yakhe 1796 waza wayibiza ngokuba "Kwaye yabeka izinto zam" emva kokupapashwa ethi Karamzin kaThixo "zochuku My". Ngoko ezintle, njengoko a joke, wathi, ukuba unyana iqwalasela ngokwakhe ngumfundi inkosi enkulu.

"Pocket Songbook 'ukuba uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu kwathiwa: Icandelo lokuqala - umbhali le ngoma, i yoqobo (GR Derzhavin, uV Kapnist, M. M. Heraskov, II Dmitriev, UKUBA Bogdanovich kunye nabanye ); Kwicandelo lesibini - kubadlali incasa ethandwa; sesithathu - kuphela inhlamba lyrics.

Le abantu compound, engobomi loncwadi kunye baphathwa iingoma yokubhala ngesitya owodwa kwaye iphawulwe Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha. Isishwankathelo ngeengoma lusiba lombhali - compiler le ngqokelela, ungenza kudlula ngale ndlela: bona ndakrwela imithombo inexhaustibility indalo ingoma yesintu. Bekhalisa ngathi ingoma okuqhubekayo Ubutyebi eRashiya: amabali, isigama, imifanekiso iingoma zakhe ixesha elide ziya kuba yimfuneko ukuba ube ngumqondiso ngexesha Wajika eshiye lwimi.

sentimentalism

Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane eRashiya lifikile Umkhuba zoncwadi elitsha - sentimentalism. ngcembe Classicism eziba eYurophu, uncwadi, umculo, epeyinta ngelo xesha badlula ukuphoxeka ebomini close ezisezidolophini kunye nempucuko ngokubanzi. Kwaye imbongi yethu sikufutshane bayancokola zendalo, yintoni ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukhankanya biography of Dmitrieva Ivana Ivanovicha.

Ushwankathe- sentimentalism: imvakalelo, acinge ukuba ekhwaza esithi, sihlambulukile, esinokonwaba. Naku Russian ababhali baye babhenela indalo, Karamzin kunye Dmitriev, ngokusondeleyo uyigcine yonke utshintsho baseYurophu nasenzo eso kwafuneka ukukhokela indlela entsha. Noko ke, wakhawuleza, wayinika phezulu kuye waza wahamba.

Ukususela iingoma - bacule ukuba

iingoma abantu mbumbulu bazisa baduma imbongi, kodwa ngokwenene akazange ukwanelisa kuye, uhlobo waba kakhulu non-self, kunye lusizi, sinilangazelela ezendeleyo ingoma iintsomi, akazange abayinqobo kuye lo mntu ochwayithileyo.

Dmitriev wayeyindoda buhle, kodwa ngaphandle unruliness, umlimi incinane bunyulu yaye ikhuthele. Kule kwaye ibonisa umntu yokuziphatha kakhulu angenjenjalo Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, ibhayografi elifutshane. Ubuchule uthetha ukuba ngokwayo, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ulahlekisa umfundi. Ngokomzekelo, xa ufunda imibongo Dmitrieva phezu wandiyolisayo, iwayini kunye yokuzonwabisa uvuthuzayo, akukho malunga nombhali. It is a umnqwazi ukumila ixesha. Umbhali bohemian hayi "walala".

Ke Dmitriev ngamakhoboka ukuba bacule, ukudala uhlobo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kuwo, akazange singafani Lomonosov, apho bonke kwaye wali-. Izitampu bacule Dmitrieva nyamalala, kodwa ihleli bokubanga eliphezulu. Ezi ke ode "Kwi iVolga", "Ermak", "Liberation ka eMoscow". intetho echaza uba zendalo ngakumbi, kukho lyricism, kulapha ekugqibeleni uhlume ingqolowa elizayo elegies, mhlawumbi yonke romanticism Russian.

Fabulist and ukuxoxa

Dmitriev - imbongi ezininzi kunene. Falling in uthando La Fontaine ukususela ebuntwaneni, kunjalo 'ukuvelisa' intsomi yakudala, kwabonakala kuye uhlobo imodeli intsomi Russian, apho endaweni moralism oqhelekileyo izandi indawo yombhali kunye ingongoma yakhe yobuqu imbono. Ubume uhlakaniphile kule uhlobo, yena alusincedanga umdlalo kwinqakwana ngobuciko olugqibeleleyo. Le yintsomi, umzekelo, "Bee, inyosi enkulu enoboya mna". Fabulist Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane ekhankanya oku kakhulu, iye yakwazi ukuba abe nguvulindlela kuzo zonke iintlobo, kuba yena waqala.

Hlukene Dmitrieva ngaphandle fabulousness, yintoni na ngumntu wasentsomini? Le iinoveli ivesi nehlekisayo kakhulu ehlobene modernity yayo. "Fairy Tale", "Picture", "Umfazi kusefashonini" - zonke izinto ezibhaliweyo kule ndlela. Imbongi wachaza boko imisebenzi ngenxa yokuba akazange afune ukuba singabakhubekisi, ivaliwe uvuthondaba yakhe ukuze nokunciphisa, ngokuqamba yona sentsomi.

wamagama

amabali Dmitrieva aye asetyenziswa kwezinye iimbongi ezininzi nababhali. Umzekelo, A. S. Pushkin uchazwa Ivan ngo "Ntombi Yomphathi" lakhe. Image Grinyova ukuba ikhule ukusuka imbongi ngamnye ukususela ebuntwaneni ebhalwe webutho. Dmitriev Wathi imbongi enkulu kunye nesohlwayo Pugachev, leyo wabona yena. Kwaye nkqu "uyisekazi ezininzi imithetho fair" - Kwakhona uDemetriyo, waza wazala intombi, iholo ukwamkelwa, kwakunye umfundi. Ubuhlobo elikhulu Dmitriev I S Vasiliem Lvovichem - uyisekazi ka-Alexander.

Malunga Dmitriev njenge wenguquko, wabhala VG Belinsky, ziwugqala ulwimi lokulayisha, kunye Karamzin Karamzin kuphela wenza oku iprozi, kunye Dmitriev waqalisa ishishini kwivesi Pushkin kaThixo. Zhukovsky wabhala ukuba incasa Russian zemibongo ukucwangcisa Dmitriev Ivan Ivanovich. biography Mfutshane abantwana oku kakhulu esixelela. Isiphelo sakhe wavuya, ofisi, izinto ngokugqibeleleyo, kunye ukwanda lwenzeka ngaphandle kuhlabana incinane ecaleni kwakhe. Noko ke, ngenxa lithamsanqa zinamathele beneentloni, ukunyaniseka, ububele, ubulungisa, ukusebenza nzima kwaye uphendlo rhoqo ukuba iindlela ezintsha.