Imfazwe, Turkey: uluhlu, inkcazelo, imbali kunye neziphumo. Le mfazwe yamakhaya kwimbali Turkey kaThixo, olunomdla kunye neziphumo

War, Turkey - enye izihloko kakhulu ezifanelekileyo umdla kuphela kwinzululwazi zembali, kodwa kwinzululwazi mihla kwezopolitiko. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela kweli lizwe, apho undoqo Ottoman esilwa imfazwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka eYurophu. Isifundo le ngxaki kuvumela ukuba siqonde uninzi iinyaniso ubomi yangoku karhulumente.

Umlo ngokuba umda osemazantsi

Isiphumo longquzulwano kwelizwe lethu ubukhosi yaba imfazwe yokuqala eTurkey, owenzeka ngo sharing-1568-1570. The Sultan wazama ukumbamba Astrakhan, ebeyinalo kaRhulumente eMoscow. Ngelo ukwakhiwa ngexesha elifanayo emjelweni yaqala phakathi iVolga kunye Don. Nangona kunjalo, oku ukuzama lwe kwicala Turkish ukubethelela indawo yawo emlonyeni komlambo kuqala yasilela: sa elikomkhulu wona libutho Russian kwanyanzeleka utshaba ukuvusa nasekuxinweni, neenqanawa wakhe walahleka sisaqhwithi.

Imfazwe yesibini kunye Turkey kwenzeka ngo-1672-1681, ngokulandelelana. Ngoko ke umphathi bukhosi azama ukomeleza indawo yayo Ekunene-Bank Ukraine. Hetman kwathiwa ingumbuso le Sultan, emva kwexesha elithile bobabini baya kulwa ePoland. Ke eMoscow wathi imfazwe kukumkani, ukuze akhusele indawo yayo ekhohlo-bank Ukraine. Umzabalazo engundoqo yaphuhliswa ingqukuva hetman Chigirin ukuba khosi udlule isandla ngesandla. Ekugqibeleni, amajoni Russian kwanyanzeleka wasikhupha khona, kodwa eMoscow igcine indawo yayo zangaphambili, ngoxa sultan womelela inxalenye ye Hetman kaThixo.

Umzabalazo sokufikelela elwandle

Imfazwe phakathi Turkey kunye namazwe abaMhlophe kunyaka 1686-1700. Ngeli xesha, ilizwekazi kwasekwa League Ezingcwele joint umzabalazo. Ilizwe lethu akumanyileyo le manyano, yaye ngo-1686 no 1689 amajoni Russian phantsi umyalelo Golitsyn wenza uhambo oluya eCrimea, Noko ke, leyo, baba aziphumelelanga. Noko ke, kwiminyaka emithandathu kamva, uPetros ndathatha Azov, apho ehlonyelwe kummandla lizwe lethu.

Imfazwe phakathi Turkey neRashiya afakelwe kakhulu Umnqweno yokugqibela ukufumana ilungelo ukugcina izithuthi yayo phezu komzantsi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba urhulumente komlawuli, nto leyo 1735 wayikhupha imikhosi Russian phantsi umyalelo B. Minich eCrimea. Ekuqaleni, umkhosi esisebenza ngempumelelo, oko ikwazile ukuba zifake iqela iinqaba, kodwa ngenxa kokuqhambuka isibetho, kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. iziganeko lilishwa zenzeka, yaye ngaloo ngaphambili, nto leyo eyenze ilizwe lethu sizana Austria, nto leyo angazange zokususa baseTurkey ukusuka kwizikhundla zabo. Ngenxa yoko, iRashiya bengekafiki injongo, kodwa ukugcina Azov.

ixesha Catherine kaThixo

War Turkish kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane 18 abaphumelelanga kangaka kweli lizwe. Kwakunjalo ngexesha iinkampani ezimbini ngempumelelo eRashiya zifumana ukuya kuLwandle Black, yandomeleza yi nonxweme wayo, ukuba ilungelo ukugcina imikhumbi yakhe apha. Yaba yimpumelelo enkulu, eyaqinisekisa ukuma ubukhosi umfana kuloo mmandla osemazantsi. Impixano yaqala ngenxa amabango Sultan ukuba amajoni Russian babewela imida karhulumente yakhe. Ekuqaleni, imikhosi Russian azizange elungileyo kwaye buba. Noko ke, ngo-1770 bakwazi ukufikelela iDanube, kunye fleet Russian iphumelele inani zoloyiso phezu kolwandle. Uloyiso inkulu yaba nokutshintshwa eCrimea phantsi Protectorate of Russia. Ukongeza, iqela imimandla phakathi imilambo waya kwilizwe lethu.

iminyaka elishumi emva koko omnye imfazwe phakathi kwamazwe, iziphumo eyaqinisekisa uloyiso kwaye iinzuzo ezintsha lwengingqi lizwe. Ngokutsho iSivumelwano Jassy, usingasiqithi ekugqibeleni wabelwa ukuba uBukhosi, njengoko wemka neqela izilawuli Danubian. Ezi mfazwe ezimbini eyomelezile ubume lizwe lethu njengoko igunya olwandle. Ukususela ngoko sele iphumelele ilungelo ukugcina ubuciko bayo elwandle, iye yandiswa kakhulu nommandla wayo ukuya ezantsi.

Iingxabano kwinkulungwane ye-19

Elinambini iimfazwe Russian kwaye Turkish afakelwe kunye nenkcaso ukuba zingaba kwimimandla ekumzantsi nolwandle, ezazikade ukubaluleka ngobuchule eentlanga. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane isizathu ukruthakruthwano intsha ungenelelo ngoncedo kwicala Turkish kwimicimbi zangaphakathi izilawuli Danubian, ogama abalawuli zaye zasuswa amandla ngaphandle kwesivumelwano kunye Amanyeneyo. Eli nyathelo sathathwa kuphenjelelwa urhulumente waseFransi, ebalwayo ukuba ukulibazisa amandla omkhosi Russian kule nkundla yaseYurophu imisebenzi. Ngenxa ungquzulwano elide, eyathatha iminyaka emithandathu, icala Turkish wala Bessarabia, kunye nazo izilawuli Danubian wazuza okuzimela.

Kwiminyaka 1828-1829 kwakukho imfazwe entsha phakathi kwamazwe. Ngeli xesha, unobangela ngqo yomlo wakhonza ukuzimela Greek. Russia wajoyina kwindibano isiFrentshi kwaye yaseBritani. Power Authority wabhengeza Greece kunye nonxweme empuma yoLwandle Black iye wemka waya kwilizwe lethu.

Umzabalazo phakathi kwenkulungwane

imfazwe Russia kunye Turkey iza kuqhubeka kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19. Longquzulwano kakhulu kwenzeka ngo-1853-1856, ngokulandelelana. Nicholas wafuna I ukukhululwa ithi Balkan ukusuka ubunganga Ottoman yaye, ke ngoko, nangona ukukwazi ukwenza manyano anti-Russian amagunya waseYurophu, wayikhupha imikhosi kungena izilawuli Danubian, ekhawulelana umbusi wathi imfazwe kwilizwe lethu.

Ekuqaleni, imikhumbi lwasekhaya iphumelele oyise, kodwa kunyaka olandelayo bangenelela impixano, iBritani neFransi, emva koko imikhosi Russian waqala ukuba ukoyiswa. Nangona zokungqinga yobuqhawe Sevastopol, baseTurkey ndizuze isandla eliphezulu. A phawu olulodwa kule lomzabalazo yayikukuba amanyathelo empi kunxweme yeBlack Sea, kwaye iPacific kunye noLwandle White. Ngenxa ngokoyiswa Russia walahlekelwa ilungelo ukugcina kwizithuthi kunxweme kuLwandle Black, yaye baphulukana ezinye zorhwebo yayo.

imikhankaso zakutsha

Imfazwe phakathi Russia kunye Turkey abachaphazelekayo izinto nje ezi mazwe kodwa ngamanye amazwe. Ingxabano elandelayo yenzekile ngexesha lokulawula Alexander II. Eli xesha umkhosi Russian iphumelele uthotho zoloyiso ezinkulu, ngenxa yokuba ilizwe lethu liye kwakhona baphinde ilungelo ukugcina lwezithuthi kuLwandle Black, udini welizwe lethu bafudukela kwezinye iindawo umiwe Armenia Georgians. Le ngxabano lokugqibela yenzeka ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umkhosi Russian iphumelele inani zoloyiso yaye baya elizweni, kunjalo, ezi ndawo azikhange ziqhotyoshelwe apha Soviet Russia. Isiphumo iphambili lo mzabalazo kufuneka ozakuthathwa ngokuwa zombini emphaya.

Independence Movement

War Turkish of Independence baqhubeka ngowe-1919-1923, ngokulandelelana. Kuye elikhokelwa Mustafa Kemal, abajoyine zamandla esizwe nxamnye bahlaseli, abo babamba inxalenye enkulu yale lizwe. Yeyona urhulumente njengehlakani iJamani waba enkampini bayivume, kwaza kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukwamkela imiqathango ye-ukuxolelana, njengoko apho Entente ahlala lentsimi yayo. Iziganeko yaqala umsebenzi imikhosi yesiGrike isixeko Izmir. Emva imikhosi French kwakhona lawela lizwe. Oku kuye kwabangela ukunyuka omzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe, elikhokelwa Kemal Ataturk.

Iziganeko kwi Mpuma kunye elwa Western

Turkish War, imbali leyo inxulumene eRashiya, baqhubeka kungena kwinkulungwane yama-20. urhulumente omtsha kulindeleke kwindawo yokuqala ukuze bazikhusele kwicala Armenian. I Turks ikwaze kwaye usayine isivumelwano ngamandla yiSoviet ubuhlobo. Yaba isiganeko esibalulekileyo kakhulu kumazwe zombini, njengoko bodwa kwezopolitiko kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Emva koko, Kemal ingqalelo yonke imikhosi yazo ukuya kufikelela kwinkululeko yoluntu eConstantinople, leyo ilawulwa Amanyeneyo. Eyokugqibela bazama ukwenza urhulumente omtsha, kodwa abazange baphumelele, kuba inxalenye enkulu baseTurkey safudukela ecaleni ngaphambili yenkululeko yesizwe Ataturk.

War ne France

Kwiminyaka 1916-1921 le imikhosi Turkish sijongene umkhosi French, kuhlala eKilikiya. Umlo wahamba ngempumelelo ezahlukeneyo, yaye kuphela emva kokuba amaGrike wathintelwa, Kemal wafudukela amanyathelo. Noko ke, impumelelo yaye ubukhulu becala fixed ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano, ngexesha apho macala mabini basilela ukufikelela kwisivumelwano. Oku kwenziwe imibulelo kunokwenzeka yokuba kwiimali isiFrentshi, kunye namazwe bobabini baba nomdla normalizing ubudlelwane ziye imali kuqoqosho Turkish. Isiphumo iphambili nomzabalazo ukuzimela yaba ukupheliswa Sultan kunye nokuguqulwa karhulumente ibe yalilizwe wempangelo ezimeleyo.

Imeko yangoku

imeko yezentlalo-yezopolitiko kweli lizwe namhlanje iye ixesha kakhulu. Enye yeengxaki njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi - ke umbuzo yabantu nokusungula, nto leyo esele amashumi eziliqela besilwela imeko yabo. Ngokusekelwe iziganeko zakutshanje, abahlalutyi abaninzi zezopolitiko ukuphikisana ukuba kukho yokwenene imfazwe yamakhaya eTurkey. It aggravates le meko kwaye kwakhona into yokuba kwilizwe yimeko wengqesho, indawo Islam iselelona womelele ngokwaneleyo, yaye oko kuphakamisa inani ephikisanayo phakathi ireyithi esemthethweni kunye isimo kwicandelo elithile labantu.

Ngamafuphi, singatsho ukuba eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kwiziganeko ngentla apha kukuba emva ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 phakathi kwilizwe lethu yaye urhulumente Turkish kwakungekho yongquzulwano ngezixhobo. Namhlanje kukho inkxalabo imeko yangaphakathi kweli lizwe, nto leyo enika izizathu, ukuba bathi ezinye iingcali ukuba kukho imfazwe yamakhaya Turkey.