"Imfundiso iindondo yamanzi" Alexandra Kollontai

Kukholelwa ukuba ukukhuthazwa kobudlelwane nje zesini, isithembu, ukulalana kunye nezinye iintlobo zorhwaphilizo afikile kuthi evela kwi West kunye revolution ngokwesondo, gremevshego kwisiqingatha sesibini gqira. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba "flower children," kwaye wadlala indima ekubumbeni imbono mihla usapho kulo lonke ihlabathi, kodwa musa kungasuki Marxism kunye nokuxabiseka kule nkqubo. Ukubonakalisa zicacileyo ukuphazamiseka ukuba kukho unxulumano evulekileyo phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi iye yaba "iglasi theory yamanzi" Aleksandry Kollontay, lidumile phakathi kulutsha eko, kodwa ngoku phantse ulibele.

imvelaphi ye

Marx wachaza usapho njengendlela ukulondoloza amalungelo ilifa kwipropati ezifunyenweyo. Yena ke, xa yoohlohlesakhe ukubonakala kwayo, ibala, wabiza njengesixhobo ekukhotyokisweni yabafazi. Ngubani kungekho buhlobo abaxhasi ubukomanisi Ukukhululwa ujonge umtshato kwi kakhulu efanayo. bempilo Progressive abaneenkolelo ezahlukeneyo, ngubani washumayela ukulingana jikelele, afika kwinkulungwane XIX kwinto yokuba kungekudala ingcamango "indoda" yaye "umfazi" abune engenamsebenzi. Phantsi yobukomanisi, impahla oma enjalo, ngoko, kwaye ilifa nto, aze uyise singabinaxhala malunga nokuba njengabantwana. Ukongeza, intsapho okuvusa yokuzingca kunye noluntu elitsha kwakufuneka uhlobo olutsha abantu bakhululekile izimvo lixesha. umsebenzi zokufundisa kufuneka kohlulelwane, ngokuyinene, ngathi yonke enye into. Woman isebenza belingana namadoda kwaye akukho ndlela iya kunika indlela. Umsebenzi yokudala umntu omtsha ufumana ulwalathiso concretized ngokupheleleyo. umfazi New uya kuzala kuye, yaye uluntu kuya phezulu. ingcamango ukukhanyiselwa ukulingana abasebenzi abayi upheke ekhaya, ukuze badle (kwaye angadli), aya emizini zorhwebo, apho baya kudla enencasa ngokupheleleyo kathathu ngemini.

Ezi iziseko theoretical component waba "iglasi ithiyori yamanzi". Kodwa ke into Iyandonwabisa umdla ongenalwazi, zezinye izinto. Njani le "kuyo" phantsi ngobukomanisi?

ziinyosi zabasebenzi

ababhali Great satirists Ilf kunye Petrov, bethetha "indalo ezinkulu nezincinci", kuthelekiswa impumelelo yesizwe iiprojekthi zokwakha enkulu kunye nophuhliso lwamashishini yeli lizwe kunye fokstrotikami bekhohlisana, nokuzigwagwisa mFilisti lobuhle nezimvo encinane-yamaphephandaba ngobomi. Phakathi iimpawu zokucinga umva, bona, kunye iindlovu komodnymi, ebizwa unreleased ngokucacileyo ngoko ladies podmyshechniki Yazo, ebizwa ngokuba "Uthando Iinyosi yabasebenzi." Noko ke, ukuthelekisa abafazi eSoviet ezi zinambuzane nzima ukusebenza Ndiyaqonda yamaBolshevik Kollontai. "A iglasi theory yamanzi" linxulumene ngqo ingqikelelo "nokuxelenga iinyosi," nto leyo babeke axakwe ukufumana irobhothi efanelekileyo ukusukelwa - bamatasa.

Umphathi ingcamango kunye isimntwiso yayo

Aleksandra Mihaylovna Domontovich wazalwa eSt Petersburg ngowe-1872. Yena wafumana imfundo elungileyo kakhulu, nangona ikhaya, kodwa isebenziseka. Ngowe-1893 yena, ngenketho yayo, Nokumphikisa ukuthanda abazali babo, watshata B. Kollontay, igosa amahlwempu, kodwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva wamshiya, zimshiya unyana. Ukongeza okuhlanganiswe biography of mbuso. Ngokutsho memoirs Kollontai ababemazi Ivan Bunin, echazwe "Kwimihla Uqalekisiwe", lo mfazi waba indalo duplicitous, leyo lwabonakala utyekelo kufihlwe. Apha ke kwintlanganiso abasebenza kwi isikhafu, yaye yaphela nangoko - ibhafu, ibhokisi zeetshokholethi izifuba kunye nomhlobo.

Inoveli Alexandra ne yamaBolshevik Dibenko edlula ngokukhawuleza, ngamnye amahlakani akufuneki ngokwayo ezinxulumene inkcaneko sifungo.

YamaBolshevik wabonisa izakhono ezimangalisayo ozakuzo, nangona ngaphandle kwezinye iziganeko ukwazi. Yena basinda ingcinezelo kaStalin bafa engaphezu konyaka phambi kokufa "nguyise wezizwe." "Imfundiso iiglasi amanzi okusela" yaba yeyona idumileyo ufeze wayo, nangona kwakukho nabanye abaninzi.

theory lentsingiselo

Ngoku, eli iimbono ka-Alexandra Mikhailovna kwimiba yomtshato. Ngoko ke, i "uthando labour iinyosi" akazalani ngqo ngengqiqo eliphezulu lokuthwala eli gama. Le mbono "Theory of iiglasi amanzi" isngenayo apha ngamagama amabini: "wayefuna - ukusela." Kwaye akukho unxano, kwaye akukho mfuneko. Ubuhlobo efuna abantu ikamva kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane ngaphandle kokuchitha ixesha kunye neemvakalelo, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa kuba kungenzeka industrial action. Kakade ke, ezifana nobu-, ezi mbono musa ukuma, isimbo ukucokisa kwaye qho yeengcingane nje egqibeleleyo, kodwa ingongoma ngalo. Le ndoda zange bade bafaniswa izilwanyana, nezinambuzane ezinamaphiko, apho into ephambili ekukhuthazeni ke ithuku yokuzala. Veliswa of uhlobo lwabo ngabantu kwakhona ngumbandela ngokwentlalo luncedo, kuyimfuneko kwaye ufunwayo. umfazi omtsha, ekungekho ubandlululo kanye ndibano, kufuneka wazala abantwana ngale ndlela. Bonke abantu bayalingana, ngenxa yoko, ezikhethiweyo uyise kwinzala elizayo ayinamsebenzi. eko Youth uyi eyahlukileyo kancinane ukususela namhlanje. Akumangalisi ukuba "iglasi kwethiyori yamanzi" yimpumelelo enkulu?

abaphikisi

Isimanga, iimbono Kollontai ngomba nesini olungafaniyo ziinkokeli ezininzi yamaBolshevik party, kuquka uLenin. inkokeli yesigaba ngokwakhe akazange ayiphikise ubukho lunxano, kodwa kube nzima ukwanelisa onke amandla alo ekhoyo ngoku, umzekelo, ukusuka izadunge amdaka, kunye negilasi ukucoca yasiveza iimfuno ezithile. "A iglasi theory yamanzi" kwabangela inkcaso kunye Lunacharsky, nokuba wabhala inqaku ebaluleke "Endleleni yobomi ..." sungula ku imiba ulutsha. izimvo Kollontai kaThixo azinakanwa abangabaxhasi bakaMarx ngokupheleleyo, nangona nobutshaba ngokupheleleyo kwaye iyingozi nabo Andikubizanga. Bold yamaBolshevik nje ibonisa ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi inkululeko uburheletyo.

Abaxhasi niyeke

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ekujoliswe isiseko zentlalo iimbono Alexandra Mikhailovna ubukhulu becala ulutsha akuqolanga. Komsomolskaya PRAVDA kwaba nzima ukukhanyela zabo oyindoda nabo ubuhlobo kunalawo ukulungele ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa hhayi kuphela kwentsha kwamalungu Communist International, ulutsha ulonwabele ubuqaqawuli "iglasi yamanzi umbono". Mayakovsky, omkhulu uyazazi ukuba imbongi lwekamva, umzekelo, babehlala nzima. Nangona wabiza ukukhula windows "ungaxelisi Bourget" kwaye yeqonga yazeka umfazi, "kuye kunokuba omnye umntu," kodwa amanye amalungelo avunyelwe okwangoku. Abatyekanga nembongi kunye namanye amagcisa Soviet, ngokufuthi abadala.

Ukusebenzisa ithiyori eentshaba amandla Soviet

Uninzi lwabemi koBukhosi owayesakuba Russian Ndandingekakulungeli ukuqonda oneembono kwabonakala Klare Tsetkin kunye Alexandra Kollontai inkqubela kunye nomtsalane. "A iglasi theory yamanzi" akuyifumana, Kakade ke, abalandeli zabo, kodwa uthando lwabo kuba waye umlinganiswa uyakhetha. Abaxhasi 'unxano quencher "ukuhamba" ekhohlo ", ngokuqhelekileyo akanikwa ilungelo lokusebenzisa oko abafazi babo amadoda, umFilisti kanye ukukhusela ukusulungeka yakhe indlwane eentsapho zabo. Olu phawu zengqondo yabantu Russian babe phi abachasi Bolshevism, bebanika amaKomanisi nkqu ezimbi, leyo abazange ilifa. Ngokomzekelo, amanye Uvarov, njengelungu le-wesizwe 'Union of Abantu Russian ", epapashwe umthetho yabhalwa nguye, kuthiwa ekhutshwe Saratov liBhunga lePhondo of Commissars Abantu, nto leyo kwathiwa ngokwasentlaweni jikelele abafazi kunye nelungelo lokusebenzisa kanobom. Uxwebhu efanayo yasetyenziselwa ze anti-yobukomanisi kunye amaJamani ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II.

"A iglasi theory yamanzi" Aleksandry Kollontay namhlanje

Xa era Gorbachev ebangele intsini Umfuziselo ngumfazi eSoviet, wathi akukho sex eSoviet Union. Kakade ke, yena akazange wayebhekisela yokuzala kwisahlulo ngqo (uthelekisa iinyosi, sokwanda kwenani labemi amoeba kulula nokuba), kodwa eli binzana kubonakala yonke ehlobene iingxaki kwezesondo kwilizwe lethu ngelo xesha. Into yokuba imfundo yabantwana (kunye nabantu abadala kakhulu) kwaba isimilo zamaPuritan, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo. Noko ke, abantu abaninzi kule meko ubukhulu becala oluhambelana. "Glass ithiyori yamanzi" kwi USSR akubanga kuthandwe, mhlawumbi ngenxa yomtsalane ienjini kubantu Orthodox kunye amaxabiso usapho ezifakwe isiko lethu elizukileyo.