Socialism yintshukumo ebanzi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, ebandakanya amaqela amaninzi, imisinga kunye namaqela. Oku kubekwe njengendlela yokusombulula iingxaki zentlalo. Yinyaniso le? Yiyiphi imigaqo engundoqo socialism ukuba igalelo le njongo, kukho?
ulwazi jikelele
Nje igama elithi "kwiSocialism" kuqala ukusetyenziswa wazalwa ekuqaleni 1830s. Libhekisela iseti kwemisinga ezahlukeneyo leftist ezifuna uhlaziyo uluntu abantu ngendlela olwanikezelwa kunye iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu konke-ngeenxa ukuphuculwa zombini abantu kunye noluntu lonke. Nangona Kuthathwa ukuba ingcamango lisukela emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Ku wayebhala yigadi yokuqala kwezentlalo Tommaso Kompanella kunye Thomas More. Nangona practice Baqala iguqulelwe kwenzeka kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Emva koko Socialism ibe wasabela ekukhuleni ephikisanayo ekuhlaleni ngenxa ukuvunywa ubudlelwane yongxowankulu kwezentlalo. Ke wawubonisa ukunganeliseki oluvakaliswe iklasi yesigaba ngokuphathelele kwiziphumo zophuhliso mveliso.
uphuhliso zembali
Indlela ukwenza imigaqo esisiseko kwiSocialism? Phantsi kweziphi iimeko? Eyona uphawu capitalism kwangoko kuba chaos kunye nokonakaliswa izigidi zabantu, kangangokuba kubekho ukwanda ubuhlwempu abaninzi, ndanda nokwehlukana yoluntu. Ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwiimbono melo akwazi ukunika indlela ngokwenene ukuphelisa okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa ukungaboni ezikhoyo. Ekuqaleni, isigama socialism akazange yakhiwa ngendlela ethile eyakhayo bekufanele inkcazelo yayo, kwaye ukuveza imeko. Le ke abameli le meko kubonakala iimbono ukuba yinxalenye yoluntu abakholwayo ukuba sifanele yancuma iimfuno ngamnye kunye noluntu. imfuneko kulandela kwaba ukudala iimeko phantsi apho baya kukwazi ukwenza zikhona nokuphuhlisa ngesidima. Ngelo xesha efanayo yaye kwasekwa imigaqo engundoqo socialism.
iimpawu
Socialism limi njengendlela eyenye kuphuhliso impucuko. abaxhasi Ubuninzi kulo mkhuba - yiyo amarhamente iindlela zoxolo kunye ungasebenzisi zigalo yokuphucula uluntu loo mfo amathemba zayo kwezemfundo kunye ukweyisela abantu baseRoma. Imigaqo ezisisiseko socialism isekelwe kwinto yokuba abantu baya kuthatha isigqibo esixhasa le ndlela ngabom ukuzoba ngamava akhe ebomini. Imfundo inokunceda kwakhona kakhulu kulo. Nangona phambi yeempawu, nemisinga zentlalo ngenkulungwane ye-19 Kulula ukuba kuziswe zifana, ngokukhetha izimvo ezingundoqo kunye nemigaqo ezisa ndawonye. Ngoko ke, lo gama ingqalelo ijolise kwi qela ngamnye - yoluntu. Enkulu ingqalelo sele uhlawuliwe, Liphi na inkalo oluntu azinampembelelo umntu. Kwakunye nengxaki yengcinezelo eliphucukileyo emxinwa abantu abaninzi. Ngoko ke, iimfuno kwenziwa ukuba akukho noludumileyo yeklasi article. Lo mgaqo we socialism nolobukomanisi yenye ethandwa ehlabathini namhlanje.
phambili
Eminye imigaqo ubukho yenkqubo yobusoshiyali kunye izigaba ekulweni zingaphunyezwa kuphela nokuphelisa karhulumente njengoko ilungu ugonyamelo. Ngoko ke, abantu abathi le mbono bakholelwa ukuba umntu ekuqaleni kufuneka kubekho inkululeko kuxhatshazo. Kodwa ke imiba yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kunye nelungelo lokukhetha - oko zonke izikolo ezizisekondari-nkqubo esikhundleni sakhe. Oku ikakhulu abavumelani amalungu wesangqa melo yophuhliso.
Ukwakha uluntu enhle
sele ufumene ulwazi oluninzi. Kwaye 4 Umgaqo ubukho behlabathi yali inkqubo sele evakalayo ngaphandle Bill. Kodwa ukuba ngcono ukuqonda, simele ukuba baxoxe ngaphezulu ngokweenkcukacha kamva. Ngoko ke, imigaqo esisiseko kwiSocialism:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwipropati yabucala.
- Ukususwa nosapho.
- Ukutshatyalaliswa inkolo.
- Equality.
Isimanga njengoko kusenokuba ixilongo, kodwa oku imigaqo esisiseko ye imodeli yaseSweden ye socialism. Xa sijonga imeko yangoku yemicimbi eSweden, unga zama uphikise amazwi anjalo. Kodwa ke kuza kucaca ngakumbi ukuphunyezwa. Makhe sijonge ngakumbi.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwempahla yabucala
Le bathini ezaziwayo-kakuhle lo mgaqo baba Marx kunye Engels. Ngoko, kwi "Manifesto wamaKomanisi" wavakalisa ngoluvo Kukodwa kwanele ukubonisa kakuhle sisiseko yonke theoretical component. Le isimo khona zonke iimfundiso Socialist kwaye ithi iziyisebenzisayo (e shiyana). Kodwa hetiseka ukuqonda lubonise ukuba kuqwalaselwa kuphela ukusuka kwindawo ezingalunganga kwimboniselo (njengoko abaninzi bacinga), kodwa kwakhona nge ezintle. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi rhoqo ukufumana ixesha lokumiselwa eyam yeyam. Ngokomzekelo, amachibi, izikolo, abancinane eziguqulweyo njalo njalo. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba imigaqo socialism zaye zaphuhliswa ngenkulungwane ye-19, ngoko ke akumangalisi ukuba iimpawu ezithile zohlobo zombutho karhulumente. Oku kuyinyaniso ngokukodwa kwinqaku elilandelayo kweli candelo.
imbubhiso intsapho
Le nto ikhona isininzi iimfundiso yobusoshiyali. Nangona kunjalo, lo radicalism yale ngxelo Nangoku likaxakeka. Ukuba uthethe ingongoma, lo mgaqo ijolise ukunciphisa indima usapho kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu ayo, kwakunye ukudlulisela imisebenzi ethile kwamanye amaziko oluntu. Njengoko isibonelo uluntu yabafazi, ukutshatyalaliswa unxibelelwano phakathi kwabantwana nabazali, okanye iyunithi ukuguqulwa oluntu ibe icandelo ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo karhulumente. Ukuze akumangalisi, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba imigaqo ubukho inkqubo yali ihlabathi eliphuhlileyo yi "banenzondelelo", yaye, xa kusenziwa, ngoku ukuphunyezwa akwenzeki.
kutshatyalaliswe unqulo
Lo mgaqo ingabonwa, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko ezimbalwa, zonke iimfundiso zale mihla kunye nemfundiso ombuso. Ngaphezu koko, ukutshatyalaliswa unqulo ithetha uthotho lokwenzekayo ayikho ngokukhethekileyo kwi ngexesha isimbo iiBolsheviks noTrotsky, kunye nokususwa kancinane kunqulo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi yoluntu. Kungenjalo, ungenza nto amazwe iqela yaseScandinavia. Baye yenkolo ephantsi umgangatho ophezulu wokuphila. Le yamva egqalwa enye izixhobo ibalulekileyo ukuphumeza le njongo. imifuziselo abakhoyo ziquka ekugxothweni ngokuthe ngcembe yaye elinoxolo unqulo kubomi kawonke njengesakhi engeyomfuneko. Lo mgaqo methodological we socialism waqala ukubonakala kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, kunye nokuphuculwa yayo uqhubeka ngexesha lethu.
Equation (common)
Nemfuneko simanga ebomini zoluntu zifumaneka phantse yonke imfundiso yobusoshiyali. It ingavezwa ukuzimisela kwaye banqwenela ukuba atshabalalise kuluhlu ekhoyo oluntu kunye nokupheliswa onke amalungelo ezikhoyo. Amaninzi ngexesha elinye ungakwazi ukubukela kunye nenkcubeko ubutshaba ngenxa yokuba ukuba ukungalingani ngokwasengqondweni ngokomoya. Ngaphezu koko, kule meko ifuna imfundiso atshabalalise ngenxa yokuba kube kudala nonuniformity eluntwini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mgaqo yaphuhliswa kakhulu ixesha elide - kakuhle, le mbono olugcinwe yi uPlato. Ngoku isetyenziswa ezahlukeneyo imisinga ngasekhohlo-iphiko mihla, ucinga inkcubeko bhe yaye abantu becinezelwa.
isiphelo
Ngoko ke yonke isiseko theoretical apho iimfundiso ezifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, abaninzi kuni mhlawumbi uye weva umgaqo loo socialism: ukusuka njengoko uthile ebenabo ubutyebi, ukuze ngamnye ngokweemfuno zakhe. Le postulate zingafunyanwa ezininzi iimfundiso kunye neemfundiso ezingabandakanyi iinguqu ezinkulu kwaye esisiso basondele ukutshintsha uluntu. Kodwa lo mbono uye ethile mnye: ngokokwayo, abantu baya kwenza isigqibo kunye ngokuzithandela. Oko kukuthi, wonke umntu uya emsebenzini, ukuba sibe namandla ukuze kuxhamle uluntu, yaye ngenxa yoko ke yena. Okufanayo enokuthethwa ekuqwalaseleni esisiseko siseko we socialism. Nkqu yaseScandinavia mazwe, ezijongwa eziphambili kakhulu kulo, andikwazi luzingomb ngokupheleleyo ukuphunyezwa kwe ubuncinane oyedwa. Nangona ngaphambili, kwicandelo unqulo, kuxeliwe ukuba balwa akwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezihle kakhulu. Kodwa ukuqonda yokugqibela entandweni ezi kude.