Imilambo ye-Arctic Ocean: Northern Dvina, Pechora, OB

Yonke imifula Arctic Ocean aqukuqela nje emdeni Eurasia nakuMntla Melika. Umzekelo, umlambo American ezinkulu Mackenzie. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha ezinye emilambo i-Arctic Ocean eRashiya, phakathi kwabo kukho kwemithambo amanzi inkulu ehlabathini. Ukongeza, malunga amathandathu anesihlanu ekhulwini amanzi kwelizwe lethu bobabo somfula Arctic Ocean. Phakathi kwabo, igalelo elikhulu iphuma nemilambo anjenge Pechora, Northern Dvina, OB, Khatanga, Yenisey, uLena, Kolyma, Indigirka kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Iimpawu yoMnayile i-Arctic Ocean

Ezi imilambo flow kufuphi ulwandle liphela kumathafa, nezihlambo. Ngenxa yokuba esezantsi ezizolileyo zabo, yaye endleleni akukho miqobo ezithile. Isitya of the Arctic Ocean ixesha elide kakhulu zambethe ngumkhenkce. Catering ikakhulu ikhephu nemvula. Entwasahlobo, kukho ukunyuka amanzi kweemitha 10-15. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba imijelo Arctic Ocean aqukuqela ikakhulu emntla umkhenkce uyanyibilika esezansi engadlulanga kwi eliphezulu. Ngoko ke wavelisa hooter kunye namadama ice.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina River ethwala amanzi balo emazweni kwizifundo ezibini kwezi Russian Federation - imimandla Arkhangelsk kunye Vologda. Lo mfula omkhulu yhuu kuLwandle White luvula emanzini i-Arctic Ocean. Yakhe "olunyulu" ubude 0.7 ophosa, kunye Sukhona - .. 1.3 amawaka km, kwaye ukuba ziqwalaselwe kunye Vychegda -. Ngoko 1.8 amawaka km.

River Delta ithatha indawo enkulu, sanekiwe phezu kummandla ubude 37 kunye nobubanzi 45 km. Apha umlambo iqhekeka kwimithombo emininzi kunye imikhono (ezilikhulu elinamashumi amahlanu). amanzi omlambo kwi emlonyeni abathathu kwaye iwaka nesiqingatha cubic metres ngomzuzwana.

Amanzi ulawulo Northern Dvina

Uhlobo eyinhloko ukutya Snow. Northern Dvina River ehlanganiswa le ice chap kwixesha ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha ukuya ekuqaleni Novemba, kwaye kukhululwa kuyo ngexesha ukusuka ekuqaleni Epreli ukuya ekuqaleni Meyi. Emva kokuvulwa lomlambo entwasahlobo isoloko kwemikrozo yeemoto, ice yokhukuliseko kakhulu ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuqubha pool Northern Dvina River likhulu kakhulu, kuba 360 amawaka. ^Km2. nemingenela yawo ezona isitya Arctic Ocean: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga kunye nabanye. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-27 iintlanzi.

Ukubaluleka zembali

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i Dvina Northern ke iinqanawa phantse yonke kunye (ubude misele izikhephe kunye nemingenela eziliqela ezintlanu ezinesiqingatha ophosa). Ukususela ngowe-1989 kwi-River isebenza inkonzo umkhweli rhoqo. Ukuza kuthi ga kwisipili yakhe yamanzi ubaleka omdala emkhombeni Russian "uNikolay Vasilevich Gogol", bayinzala shipyards emva ngo-1911.

Northern Dvina River yadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo zembali. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni iziganeko imfazwe 1812, yena, ngokutsho imvume mbali, phantse laseRashiya ikhonkco kuphela Europe. Yaye ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II phezu komlambo yabamba isabelo esikhulu yonikezelo "Faka-Lease" (zomkhosi ubugcisa, izixhobo kunye nezinto kukhutshwa ngu-Europe kunye United States kwi imfazwe eSoviet Union). Ngaphezu koko, ababhali-mbali ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa umlambo "Gateway kwi Arctic", kuba la omlambo kummandla Arctic sele uqalile zobuntlola uphando ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini.

Pechora

Umlambo aqukuqela izifundo ezibini Russian Federation - Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi kunye Komi Republic. Iqala kwi Urals Western imvelaphi ezintathu. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, ubude lomlambo uvela km 1.7 ukuya 1.9 amawaka. Bubunjani zawo, uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: aphezulu, phakathi nolusezantsi.

Upper, Middle ne Lower Pechora

I-Upper Pechora ubude neekhilomitha ezingama-400 nto abambalwa kunye kancinane bafunda. Kule nxalenye komlambo inophawu olucacileyo entabeni leyo ichazwa ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, uhambahamba channel, kumanxweme aphezulu ezilulwalwa intlambo komlambo omncinane egubungele izityalo coniferous. Ububanzi Upper Pechora isusela ukusuka kwiimitha ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-120. Lo mlambo yokungabi nabunzulu, ukufikelela kwiimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha.

Umyinge Pechora - icandelo elide 1200 khilomitha, ukusuka emlonyeni ukusa emlonyeni Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Ukususela Yashkinsky pier, lo mlambo uba iinqanawa. ububanzi Pechory kwinxenye embindini isusela ukusuka 0.4 ukuya ku-4 km. Xa amanzi ephantsi emlanjeni kwakheka ukufuna ethintela navigation.

I asezantsi yinxalenye komlambo yolula iikhilomitha ezingaphezu kwamakhulu amane. Ukuya umlomo womlambo Shapkina kodonga lasekunene umlambo sublime, kwaye ekhohlo - umlinganiswa ulula. Kamva, iibhanki mibini amathafa ngakumbi ubukho kwezityalo emathafeni. Iwhiskey kuloo lali iqala nkanyamba. Kukho inani elikhulu nezikhukhula, iziqithi ephantsi (ngobukhulu - 29). iziqithi ubude ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-30. Xa intlanganisela umlebe 20 wahlulwe ube imikhono emlanjeni.

ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo

Pechora evulekileyo iintsuku 120-170, wasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekuthuthweni yezithuthi. Kukho nemingenela 80. Isitya imalunga 19.500 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Pechora-phambili okuloba, ukuloba nesalmon ikhutshwa phandle, Pike, herring, whitefish, nesalmon emhlophe kunye nezinye iintlobo.

ob

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ichibi yolwandle sincinane boMhlaba luthathe 65% okanye esithathwini ye-Russian Federation. Rivers enxulumene Arctic Ocean, mikhulu kwaye elibaleka elizeleyo. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo ayinakuze ithelekiswe ne-OB. Lo mlambo mkhulu eSiberia. Yena kukhokelela phakathi amanzi Asia. Wayiphosa amanzi omlambo enxulumene Arctic Ocean, ezifana uTom Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, igama umlambo livela igama elithi "kokubini" kuba ukhandwa ekudibaneni imilambo ezimbini mikhulu - Biya kunye Katun. Ubude kuye ngokudibana kwisixa ukuya 3,65 amawaka km, kwaye ukuba ziquka Irtysh -. 5,41 amawaka Km.. Lo mlambo ithathwa ukuba inde eRashiya. Ayajika ukuya emantla kwi kuLwandle Kara, oyinxalenye Ubude Gulf of OB (ubude Bay - malunga nama-800 km).

ukubaluleka kuqoqosho OB

Umandlalo mlambo udlula iingingqi ezintlanu Russian, kuquka zeAltai Territory, Tomsk Region, kwiNgingqi naseNovosibirsk, i Yamalo-Nenets and District Ukuzilawula Khanty-Mansi. Le Umlambo kunawo. Rhoqo izithuthi yokuthumela kuyo lusekiwe, ukususela 1844. Ngo-1895, lo mlambo sele kudlule malunga ngeenqanawa 120.

Ob - yinto yiparadesi abathandi yokuloba. Apha, kwinani elikhulu intlanzi yesiqhelo ezifana Pike, grayling, burbot, zeCARP, rudd, Intlanzi, lamprey, Intlanzi, kwaye abaninzi, nabanye abaninzi. Kukho malunga namashumi amahlanu iintlobo, amashumi amabini anesihlanu zazo kuxhomekeke zokuloba olunzulu (zakhele, IDE, Pike, sisinkantazi, uDace, bream, zeCARP crucian, Roach, zakhele kunye nabanye).

korhulumente Water, nemingenela

Umlambo - kuba kwikhephu ezininzi, ukuhamba ephambili lwenzeka ngexesha kwezikhukhula emthonjeni. Ob ehlanganiswa yi-ice cap iintsuku 180-220 ngonyaka. Pool imalunga 2,99 million km ^2, kwesi salathisi River uhamba phambili eRashiya. indawo yesithathu oHloniphekileyo kuhlala kuyo ngokubhekiselele umxholo yamanzi, kwaye phambi kokuba kukho imilambo ezinjalo angena Arctic Ocean, njengoko Yenisei noLena.

Kwinxalenye akumazantsi OB nguye naseNovosibirsk ichibi odumileyo okanye njengoko kubhaliwe sathiwa ngokuqhelekileyo, uLwandle ob, nto leyo yindawo oluthandayo amawaka wabakhenkethi nabantu balapha. Lijelo phakathi OB kunye Yenisei, wakha kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kade, alisetyenziswa okwangoku kwaye bamshiya.

Obi uye nemingenela ezinkulu 30 kunye nabo ezininzi ezincinane. I inkulu kwezi yi- Irtysh, ubude yakhe 4250 km, nto leyo ngaphezulu ubude bayo lomlambo. Oku kuza kuzisa i OB umlinganiselo amawaka amathathu cubic metres yamanzi ngomzuzwana.