Imisebenzi best Bulgakov: uluhlu and overview emfutshane

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov, zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku kubomi boncwadi ye-USSR imisebenzi yabo intle lithathe indawo kwindawo ekwanti. Ukuziva indlalifa olucokisekileyo yoncwadi lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19, waba ngokoqobo yalapha ngokulinganayo kunye nezentlalo, ubatyale le ngcinga Communism kwi 1930, kunye nomoya ukulinga avant-garde, uphawu uncwadi Russian ka 1920. Umbhali kabukhali satirical, ngokunxamnye neemfuno iSABC, ezotywe isimo sengqondo esibi ukuba kwakhiwe uluntu elitsha kwaye revolution kwi-USSR.

Features Weltanschauung yombhali

imisebenzi Bulgakov ngayo yayibonisa kwimbonakalo abaziingqondi ngamaxesha sikhangelene nelembali nolawulo yileyo uhlala ezibophelele ukuba imilinganiselo zemveli yokuziphatha kunye nezenkcubeko. Esi sikhundla exabisa kakhulu umbhali, ngqangi zakhe ayengavunyelwa ukuba ukushicilela. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nelifa lemveli leli mbhali beza kuthi kuphela ngokusebenzisa eminyaka emva kokufa kwakhe.

Sinikezela wena uluhlu ilandelayo imisebenzi edume Bulgakov:

- iinoveli "I-White Guard", "Mfundisi noMargarita", "Amanqaku obhubhileyo;

- bali: "Diaboliad", "Le Amaqanda Fatal", "Intliziyo Inja";

- umdlalo "Ivan Vasilievich".

I inoveli "I-White Guard" (iminyaka yendalo - 1922-1924)

Uluhlu "imisebenzi emihle Bulgakov kaThixo" ukuvula "I-White Guard". Xa inoveli yakhe yokuqala Bulgakov ichaza iziganeko ezinxulumene ukuya ekupheleni kuka-1918, oko kukuthi ixesha kwiMfazwe Civil. Isenzo imveliso kwenzeka e Kiev, ngakumbi ncam, endlwini, apho ngelo xesha umkhaya zombhali. AMAGQABAZA ▸ phakathi abahlobo, izalamane kunye nabazana Bulgakov phantse bonke abasebenzi. Imibhalo-ngqangi imisebenzi hayi baye basinda, kodwa nangona oku, abalandeli kwinoveli, emva bayahlelwa amaqhawe AMAGQABAZA ▸ ukungqina ubunyani kunye iziganeko ecetywayo Mihailom Afanasevichem.

Inxalenye yokuqala ethi "The White Guard" (uMikhail Bulgakov) yapapashwa ngowe-1925 kwiphephancwadi ebizwa ngokuba 'Russian ". Ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi yapapashwa France kwiminyaka emibini kamva. Izimvo bagxeki hayi avumelana - icala eSoviet nako ukwamkela kukuzukiswa umbhali iintshaba yeklasi emigrant - ukunyaniseka abasemagunyeni.

Ngowe-1923 Bulgakov wabhala ukuba ukudala imveliso yokuba "isibhakabhaka iza kuba shushu ...". "I-White Guard" (uMikhail Bulgakov) kamva wakhonza njengomthombo ukulungiselela umdlalo odumileyo 'Days of turbines. " Kwabakho inani apha naphaya.

Tale "Diaboliad" (1923)

Ukuqhubeka ukuchaza edumileyo isebenza Bulgakov. Ezi ziquka inoveli "Diaboliad". Ibali malunga nendlela la mawele zonakale nobhala, umbhali utyhila isihloko yanaphakade le "ndoda omncinane", ngubani waba lixhoba kumatshini ezenziwe ngokwemimiselo kwamandla yiSoviet, ngobungqola Korotkov, uNobhala, ezinxulumene ziidemon, amandla yingozi. Ugxothiwe emsebenzini, abakwazi ukumelana nomsebenzi needemon ngokwemimiselo ekugqibeleni iya uphambene. A umsebenzi lwapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1924 kwi-anthology "Nadra".

Ibali "I Fatal Amaqanda" (unyaka kusungulwa - 1924)

imisebenzi Bulgakov ziquka i-novel kunye "I Fatal Amaqanda". Iziganeko ezenzeka kulo ngo-1928. Vladimir Ipatievich yeepesika, nzulu okuqaqambileyo ubhaqa isenzeko ekhethekileyo: isahlulo ebomvu spectrum ukukhanya kunempembelelo oluvuselela phezu ngeembumba - beqala zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukufikelela ubukhulu, inkulu kakhulu zabo "originals." Inye kuphela ethile - idatha ngokukodwa esibonakala ubuvila, ukwanda kunye nokukwazi ukwanda.

Omnye ifama, ekhokelwe yindoda kunye lokugqibela igama Rock, ugqiba ukusebenzisa wayila Persikov ukubuyisela inani leenkuku imfuyo emva Russia udlula phezu chicken sibetho. Uthabatha ikhamera-owalusa unjingalwazi, kodwa ngempazamo endaweni yenkuku waya kukhwela kwena, inyoka kunye namaqanda eenciniba. Izirhubuluzi laqanduselwa kubo, rhoqo lokuyivelisa - ukuba ukufudukela eMoscow, utshayelwe into esendleleni yayo.

Licebo lo msebenzi ucula 'ukutya koothixo "- inoveli by HG Wells, ebhalwe nguye ngo-1904. Kuyo, oosonzululwazi wasungula ngumgubo ebangela ukukhula okubonakalayo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ngenxa yoko-experimenti eNgilani kukho noonomeva ezinkulu kunye neempuku, yaye kamva iinkuku, izityalo, kwakunye uhlanga zamaRefa.

AMAGQABAZA ▸ nolwamkelo sebali "amaqanda Ukukhubazeka okupheleleyo"

Ngokutsho philologist baziincamisa B. Sokolova, AMAGQABAZA ▸ Persikov kubizwa ngokuba Aleksandra Gurvicha, lo sebhayoloji edumileyo, kunye Vladimir Lenin.

Sergey Lomkin isuswe esekelwe kwi-1995 umboniso imisebenzi igama elifanayo, kuquka amaqhawe ezinjalo kunye nemisebenzi 'iNkosi noMargarita "njengoko Voland (uMikhail Kozakov) kunye cat IBhehemote (Roman Madyanov). Oleg Yankovsky ngobuciko wadlala indima Professor Persikov.

Inoveli "Intliziyo Dog" (1925)

Kuba ixesha lokuqala eli bali yapapashwa eLondon yaye Frankfurt ngo-1968. Kwi-USSR kuya kuthunyelwa samizdat, yaye kuphela ngowe-1987, le ncwadi esemthethweni.

Lo msebenzi, nto leyo eyabhalelwa Bulgakov Mihail ( "Intliziyo Dog"), uye isakhiwo sebali elandelayo. Iziganeko ezenzeka ngowe-1924. Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky, Ugqirha ngamazwi uyazifezekisa iziphumo engakholelekiyo kwi lobomi kwaye ukhulelwa experiment ekhethekileyo - ukwenza utyando lokususa inja yebhinqa yabantu. Bezdomny dog bulb isetyenziswa uvavanyo isilwanyana, kwaye Clim Chugunkin nesela bafayo ekulweni, yinto ngezitho zomzimba.

Xa Ibhola ngcembe liqala ukuwa uboya, wolula imilenze, kukho ubuso bomntu kunye nelizwi. UNjingalwazi Kumbi kungekudala kuya kufuneka, ke, uzisola okuphelele.

Xa uqhuba uphendlo kwi endlini uMikhail Bulgakov ngo-1926 ibithathwe-ngqangi "Intliziyo Dog" waza wabuyela kuphela emva kokuba isicelo kuyo Gorky.

AMAGQABAZA ▸ kunye lithathelwe "Intliziyo Inja"

Abaphengululi abaninzi ubuchule bokuyila Bulgakov wathabatha imbono yokuba umbhali eziboniswe kule ncwadi Lenin (Kumbi), Stalin (iibhola), Zinoviev (abancedisayo Zina) noTrotsky (Bormental). Kukholelwa, koko, ukuba Bulgakov kwangaphambili ingcinezelo mass esenzeka-1930.

Alberto Lattuada, Italian umlawuli umboniso, ngowe-1976, wathabatha incwadi kwegama mnye umboniso, apho unjingalwazi yoTshintsho Max von Sydow idlala. ethandwa Special, nangona kunjalo, oku lithathelwe umboniso zange abe, ngokuchaseneyo kumfanekiso pawu ze ngumlawuli Vladimir Bortko, eyapapashwa ngo-1988.

I inoveli "INkosi noMargarita" (iminyaka 1929-1940)

Nomkhuba, uvuthondaba, mfihlelo, iingcinga, mzekeliso, romance, intsomi ... Ngamanye amaxesha kubonakala ukuba imveliso, nto leyo idala uMikhail Bulgakov kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita", idibanisa zonke ezi ntlobo.

USathana, ezibiza ngokuba Woland elawula ihlabathi lethu kunye enye kuphela eyaziwa neenjongo kuye, emisa amaxesha ngamaxesha kwiilali ezahlukeneyo kunye needolophu. Ngenye imini, ngexesha emthonjeni kwenyanga, uzifumanisa eMoscow ka 1930 - ixesha kunye nendawo apho kungekho namnye okholwayo Akagqali uThixo okanye uSathana, wakhanyela ubukho bukaYesu Kristu.

Bonke abo udibane nazo Woland, ukusukela isohlwayo kakuhle nelilifaneleyo yinqobo nganye kwezi zono: ukunxila, ukunyoba, ukunyoluka, ukuzingca, ubuxoki, ukungakhathali, ubukrwada, njl

Yenza inoveli malunga koPontiyo Pilato, iNkosi kwi yabagula ngamageza, apho Wamgxotha ke ukugxekwa evela kwabanye. UMargaret, inkosikazi yakhe, ukuphupha kuphela yokufumana ngayo iNkosi uze uyibuyisele kuye. Azazello unika Ndiyathemba ukuba eli phupha iza kuzaliseka, kodwa le ntombazana kufuneka ubonelelwe ngenkonzo enye ukuya Woland.

imisebenzi History

Inguqulelo yokuqala inoveli eziqulethwe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha wenyama Woland, ibekwe kumaphepha ngesandla elinesihlanu ukuba wadala uMikhail Bulgakov. "Mfundisi noMargarita", ngoko uye imbali yayo. Okokuqala, iNkosi ebizwa owahlala. Ngo-1930 kule ndaba Soviet nobuntatheli emva Mxim Gorky ndakutywina isihloko 'Nkosi'.

Ngokutsho Elena Sergeevna, umhlolokazi yombhali, Bulgakov phambi kokufa kwakhe, wathi la mazwi malunga inoveli yakhe "INkosi noMargarita": "Ukuze ukwazi ... ukwazi."

Lo msebenzi zange ishicilelwe de emva kokufa kwakhe. Kuqala ukuba ubakhanyisele kuphela ngo-1966, okt engama-26 emva kokufa umdali wayo, iyinguqulelo asisifutshane, kunye eyilwayo. Le noveli nangoko ndizuze kuthandwa phakathi nezazi eSoviet, kangangoko ukuba upapasho olusemthethweni ngo-1973. Iikopi zibhaliwe imisebenzi ngesandla, yaye ngaloo ndlela zasasazwa. Elena ikwazile ukugcina ngqangi yonke le minyaka.

ithandwa enkulu bafumana imisebenzi emininzi esekelwe kwimisebenzi wayinikela Valeriem Belyakovichem kunye uYuri Lyubimov, ukuba nayo yenziwa yi-Alexander Petrovic kunye Andzheya Vaydy kunye TV series Vladimir Bortko kunye Yuriya emerlyn.

"Theatrical Inoveli" okanye "Amanqaku umntu ofileyo" (iminyaka 1936-1937)

Bulgakov Mihail Afanasevich wabhala imisebenzi de kwasa ekufeni kwakhe ngowe-1940. Le ncwadi "Theatrical Inoveli" wahlala phahla. It egameni Sergei Leontyevich Maksudova, umbhali othile, ubalisa ibali yehlabathi zombhali kunye yeqonga kweqonga.

November 26, 1936 sele uqalile umsebenzi kwi ncwadi. Bulgakov kwiphepha lokuqala ngqangi wakhe amagama ezimbini: "Theatrical Inoveli" yaye "Notes womfi." Le yokugqibela kabili umgca ngaphantsi kwabo.

Ngokutsho zophando ezininzi, inoveli - yeyona etyeni isidalwa Bulgakov. Kuye kwaqulunqwa nakuzo zonke, ngaphandle imizobo, uyilo kunye nezilungiso. umfazi zombhali wakhumbula ukuba, ngoxa ukhonza isidlo sangokuhlwa, silindele ukubuya umyeni wakhe evela Bubusuku Bolshoi Theatre, wahlala phantsi kwedesika yakhe waza wabhala amaphepha ambalwa lo msebenzi, yaye emva koko, anelisekile, bezihlikihla ngezandla zakhe kuye.

Umdlalo "Ivan" (1936)

Indalo idumileyo zibandakanya iinoveli kuphela kunye namabali, kodwa idlala Bulgakov. Omnye kubo, "Ivan", wacela ingqalelo yakho. Yelenqe lakhe elilandelayo. UNikolay Timofeev, wenjineli e Moscow, kwigumbi lakhe umatshini ixesha. Xa umphathi isakhiwo Bunsha uza kuye, iphendula isitshixo, kwaye udonga shwaka phakathi zokuhlala. Kufumaneke isela George Miloslavsky, ehleli Shpak endlini ummelwane wakhe. Engineer evula portal eMoscow ngemihla ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ivan Grozny, wothuswa, ogxuphuleka wokudla, kunye Miloslavsky Bunsha uze emva kwexesha.

Eli bali laqala ngo-1933 xa uMnu uMikhail wavuma ukuba abhale "umdlalo fun" kunye iholo umculo. Ekuqaleni, okubhaliweyo ingabizwa ngokwahlukileyo, "Bliss", oko wangena umatshini wamaKomanisi ngexesha elizayo, kunye Ivan Grozny wabonakala episode enye kuphela.

Le indalo, kwakunye nezinye amaqhekeza Bulgakov (uluhlu nga Makuqhutyekekwe), ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi zange yapapashwa kwaye kuyinyamezela kude kube 1965. Z Gaidai ngo-1973 okusekelwe kwi imisebenzi wenza movie yakhe elaziwayo elibizwa ngokuba "Ivan Vasilyevich Utshintsho Occupation".

Oku indalo nje ezisisiseko wenza uMikhail Bulgakov. Imisebenzi lo mbhali ukuba ayiphelelanga ngasentla. Qhubeka ukufunda ubuchule Bulgakov na amandla kunye nabanye.