Imithi ye-apple yemitha: iintlobo, ukuphononongwa kunye nenkcazo

Namhlanje isilondolozi sesibini sokuhlwayela i-aple kwisihlahla sakhe. Ngokukodwa iintlobo ezincinane zeziqhamo zithatha abo banendawo engaphantsi kwintsimi. "Abantwana abathandanayo" baya kuba baziwa kakhulu. Ixhomekeka bonke ekusebenzisaneni kwabo: bahlala kwindawo encinane kunemihlathi ende emininzi eneenkomfa ezinamandla kunye nesithsaba esisasazekayo. Umgangatho omninzi wokuvelisa imithi yamapula enamahlathi ibuye ikwazi ukuthandwa kakhulu.

Ukulima kwesi siqhelo kuneempawu zaso, apho abagadi begadi abanomdla kufuneka bazi malunga. Ziziphi iintlobo zezihlahla ze-apula (iintlobo, ukuphonononga, izidima)? Ziziphi iimpawu zokutshala imithi kunye nokunyamekela?

Enye yezityalo ezithandwa kakhulu

Umthi we-Apple ngowona oqhelekileyo phakathi kwezityalo zaseRussia eziqhamo izityalo. Iimbande zayo, eziqhambileyo ukusuka ngoMeyi ukuya kuJuni (kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo), zisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukutsalwa kweepaki kunye nezitiya njengeziqhamo zokuvuna, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuvuna.

Iipropati eziwusizo zeipulo (izithelo ze-globular eziluhlaza, obomvu okanye obomvu, ububanzi ukuya kwi-15 cm) zaziwa ngokude. Kukholelwa ukuba umhla kufuneka ukuba udle ubuncinane i-apula enye ukuze uncedise umzimba kunye nenani elifunekayo lensimbi kunye nezinye izakhi kunye namavithamini.

Abaxakeli bazilungiselele ukusuka kwiipile, i-jam, i-jam, i-compotes namajusi. Isithelo esihlwaya sisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwewayini le-apula, eyaziwayo ngokubanzi.

Ukwahlula

Ezi ziqhamo zeziqhamo ziyahluka ngokwezityalo ezivuthwayo: ekuqaleni (iintlobo zasehlotyeni), eziphakathi (ekwindla) kwaye ziphelile (ebusika, ngasekupheleni kwebusika). Isitoko sabo sineziqhamo. Phakathi kwazo kukho: inqolobane yembewu (imipula ephakamileyo ekhulile esuka kwimbewu) kunye ne-clonal, ihlanganiswe (i-dwarfish, i-dwarfish, i-medium-size).

Hlela iintlobo zeepula:

1. Ukude - izityalo ukuya kwii-8 m ubude, inkqubo yenkcenkca ephuhlisiwe kakuhle, ingenelela emhlabathini. Kunconywe ukulima kwiindawo ezinamanzi angaphantsi kwe-3 m.
2. I-Semi-dwarfish ifikelela kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuya kwi-5 m. Ziyalinywa kwiindawo apho amanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi angama-2.5 m.
3. Iziqhamo ezinamaqhina ezinokuthi zifike kwi-2.5 m ukuphakama, kunye nenkqubo engcambu. Kuyafaneleka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (malunga ne-1.5 m) indawo yomhlaba.
4. Uhlobo lwe-Colon lune trone elichanekileyo ngaphandle kokubambisana okukhulu.

Ngokutsho kokumelana nokubandayo, iintlobo ziyahluka: ukungqineki kweqabunga, i-thermophilic. Ngumnandi: onomnandi, omuncu, i-dessert, njl.

I-apple yesihlahla: iintlobo, ukuphonononga

Ukukhethwa okucacileyo kweentlobo kwiprojekthi nganye kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba iziqhamo zonyaka zikhuphe abanikazi abanomdla ophezulu. Abagadi bezilwanyana basabela ngokukhawuleza kwiimitsalane. Emva kwakho konke, abaxhomekekanga kwiinkathalo.

Eyaziwayo I.V. UMichurin wayekholelwa ukuba impumelelo yento yonke, i. Ukufezekisa izikhombisi ezifunwayo zomvuno wegadi, kugqitywa ngempumelelo yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Imithi ye-apple yemifumba ayikho. Iintlobo, ukuphononongwa, iimpawu zokutyala kunye nokunyamekela kwazo ziyafumaneka ngokubanzi. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-10 zeemithi ezinjalo. Abasebenzisi ekuhlaziyweni kwabo baqulunqa iiplone zemifuno emihle kakhulu, iintlobo.

Ukuphononongwa, iifoto zingafundwa kwaye zibone kwinqaku. Abagadi bezityalo bakholelwa ukuba ngokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwiintlobo zemithi ye-bonsai, ukuhambelana nemithetho yokutyala kunye nokunyamekela, unokuqinisekisa ukuba ucebile.

Ihlobo

Eyona nto iphezulu ye-apple ye-apple (iintlobo, ukuphononongwa, inkcazo):

• "IMelba" yintlobo ephakamileyo. Ukulima kuqala ngonyaka wesithathu. Ukuvuthwa kweeapulo kubangelwa ngexesha: ekupheleni kukaJulayi ukuya kuAgasti. Ziyayizibukhulu obuphakathi, zibe ne-pulp enomsoco kunye ne-caramel flavour.
• "Candy" - iintlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ezizalwe ngumfuyi I.V. Michurin. Iziqhamo ze-hybridi zivumba, zihle kakhulu. Kwihlobo elifudumele nelinamvula, ukuvuthwa kwabo kuqala ngo-Agasti. Ubunzima bezityalo zomntu ngamnye bufikelela kwi-120 g.
• "Yimangalisa" iindidi zexesha lasekupheleni kwehlobo kunye nobunzima bebusika obuphezulu. Isiqhamo sawo siqala ngomhla wesine wokutshala. Unika isivuno esiphezulu (kufika kwi-75 kg). Isiqhamo sesisindo sinama-140 g. Ubume beeapulo bubunqabileyo, buncinane. Umbala - ohlaza okomhlaza obomvu obunobumba obomvu obomvu kunye nekhenkethi ebomvu.

Kwindla

Abasebenzisi bakhethe i-aple engcono kakhulu kwimithi yamapula (iindidi, ukuphononongwa):

• "Zhigulevskoye". Isiqhamo semithi siqala ngonyaka wesithathu. Iindidi zinomgangatho ophezulu wobunzima, azinziboleki kwiintlanzi nezifo. Ukuvuthwa kwamaapulo kusekupheleni kukaSeptemba. Ezi ziqhamo ezinkulu kunye ne-red-orange skin. Ngokutsho kokuphononongwa kwabalimi, kuxhomekeke ekutyukisweni komnyaka, umthi ugcina ubungakanani obukhulu bezityalo neziqhamo ezinkulu ixesha elide.
• "I-autumn emide." Imithi yale ntlobo ebusika iyanconywa ukuba ikhuseleke, kuba amaqabunga angonakalisa inkqubo yeengcambu. Iziqhamo zinomxholo ojikelezileyo, ubunzima bawo buba ngu-200 g, umbala ukhwanti okhanyayo, i-taste is bright, sweet and sour. Ibakala lihluke kwiimeko ezingapheliyo zokugcina (kwiqondo elide ukuya kuma-6 degrees).
• "Mundane". Iindidi ezichasene namaqondo atshisayo aphantsi kunye ne-scab. Ukuqala kokuvelisa, ngokuxhomekeke kummandla, kubhekisela kunyaka wesithathu emva kokutyala. Uphuhliso lufikelela kuma-130 kg. Izityalo zinkulu, zijikelezileyo, zinobukhulu obunomhlaza obomvu obomvu obunombala obomvu.
• "Sokolovsky". Ukulima izityalo kuqala ngonyaka wesine. Ukuvelisa - malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-85. Ii-apulo zikhulu, zilinganisa malunga ne-190 gram, nombala ophuzi obomvu kunye noqhaqho obomvu. Ingcamango inomnandi kwaye iyomuncu, ihluke kwi-saturation.

Ubusika

Njengoko abalimi bezona zinto zilungileyo zibiza umnxeba we-apple wasebusika (iintlobo, ukuphononongwa):

• UMzalwana. Umthi wobude obude (ukuya kwi-2 m), iziqhamo ziqala kwiminyaka eyi-3-4 ubudala. Isivuno sawo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-120. Iindidi zinobunzima obuphezulu busika kunye neziqhamo eziqhelekileyo eziveliswayo. Iziqhamo zinomfanekiso ojikeleziweyo obolisiweyo kunye ne-ribbing ephawulekayo kunye nesigxina se-lateral seam, esifikelela kwixabiso elikhulu. Ulusu luhamba kakuhle, lukhanyayo, lubala umbala ophuzi obomvu. I-pulp imhlophe, i-slabochnochnaya, i-coarse, enekhenkco elimnandi nelomuncu.
• "Grushovka Podmoskovnaya". Enye yeentlobo ezikhankanywe ngabagadi. Abaninzi baphikisa ukuba ezi zizona zixhobo eziphambili ze- apple zommandla waseMoscow. Iintlobo, ukuphononongwa malunga nokuba zeziphi ezahlukeneyo, zinamandla kunye nobuthathaka. "Grushovka Podmoskovnaya" - iindidi ezidumile, ezichasene neziko. Iziqhamo ezineminyaka emi-5-6, isivuno esiphezulu sizinzile. Ii-apula zincinci, zijikeleze. Eyona nto ingathinteki ngokubola. Umbala we-rind uluphuzi, uhlangothi olubomvu.
• "I-Bogatyr" iyahlula ngorhafti ebanzi, efuna ukuba, ukwenzela ukwandisa isivuno semali yamagatsha endala. Umthi unobungozi obusika obusika, ngokuqinisekileyo awunakuchaphazeleka yizinambuzane nezifo. Iintyatyambo zihlanjululwe, zibe nombala obomvu obomvu. Ingcamango inqabileyo, ikhumbuza i-Antonovka.
• "Umtsalane waseMoscow" - uhlobo olutsha, lukhula emva kweminyaka emithathu emva kokutyala. Iziqhamo zikhulu ngobukhulu. Umbala we-peel ubomvu obomvu, ubomvu, inyama ebomvu ebomvu kunye nesinambitha esiphundu nesomuncu.
• "I-Carpet" ivelisa ngonyaka wesine emva kokutyala. Ikhupha kufika kwi-110 kg ukusuka komthi omnye. Ubungakanani bezityalo ziphawulekayo, ubujamo bubuqili, isikhumba esikhanyayo sinombala ophuzi obomvu. Ingcamango i dessert.
• "I-snowdrop" - i-winter hardy, inqabile ukulimaza iintlobo zeentlobo. Imveliso - malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-90. Ubume besiqhamo sijikeleze, sisisindo esingaba ngu-170 g. Umbala we-rind uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu obomvu. I-taste is sweet and sour.

Indlela yokwahlula izityalo zeemapula ezithembekileyo ezivela kwezinye iintlobo?

Abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba bakhule njani kwaye yintoni imithi ye-apple encinci, iintlobo, ukuphonononga. Imbewu kufuneka ikhethwe xa kuthengwa kakuhle.

Umthi we-apple wesiqhelo ukhulile ukusuka kumyezo oqhelekileyo ngoncedo lwesiphunzi kwiindidi ezifunekayo. Le nkqubo ininzi kakhulu, ngoko ke abalimi bakhetha izityalo ukuba zithenge ukulungelelanisa.

Xa kuthengwa, kukho umngcipheko wokudideka "amantombazana" kunye neentlobo zezinye iintlobo.

Ukuze ugweme oku, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela iimpawu zabo ezihlukile:

• Kwindawo yokuhlanganiswa, apho kubandakanyeka intamo yentsimbi ye-seedlings, i-protrusion kufuneka ihluke ngokucacileyo;
• Imithi ye-apula eqhelekileyo ine- root rod root system ;
• Uhlobo oluphambili phakathi kweengcambu ezintle zezimbewu ze-apple zincinci kukuba zihlala zisanda kunye ne-elastic;
• Kwiindawo zomhlaba womthi onomgangatho akufuneki kubekho i-cortical drying or trauma kumasebe;
• I-trunk yemipula ye-apulale ye-apula, ngokungafani neyodwa, i-soft, iphantse ngaphandle kwamasebe;
• I-apling yeminyaka emibili ye-apple esineqhekeza kwimiphetho yamasebe inemifuno emikhulu, ukuphakama kwesiqu akudluli kwi-50 cm, inani lamasebe asebuncinane alibalulekanga.

Abasimili bayeke impendulo emihle malunga nemithi yeepula. Kodwa kufuneka uqaphele ukuhamba ngokucokisekileyo. Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuthenga, umsila womthi we-apple oqingqiweyo kufuneka uhlanganiswe ngendwangu ebomvu. Ukukhuselwa kwamasebe ngexesha lokuthutha, bathatyelwa kufuphi nelo trong kwaye bavikelekile nge-twine. Emva kokufika, isitampu sitshalwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufuneka sisele.

Malunga nokufika

Indlela yokutshala imithi yamapula ephantsi komhlaba? Iintlobo, ukuphononongwa, iimpawu ezifanelekileyo eziqwalaselwa kwinqaku, zifuna umhlabathi olungiselelwe.

Ixesha elihle lokutshala, ngokutsho kwabalimi, liphuma entwasahlobo, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuchithwa kwekhephu. Inani elifunekayo lechumisi kufuneka lisetyenziswe kumhlaba. Indawo kufuneka iphakanyiswe kwaye ikhuselwe emoyeni. Akhuli nje kuphela ekuphumeni kwelanga, kodwa nakwiindawo ezinomthunzi ezincinane zezihlahla ze-apple (iintlobo). Ukuphonononga, ukufika okubhekiselwe kuyo kwinqanaba lokuqala, qiniseka ukuba kufuneka ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo yomthi.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukutshala, izityalo kufuneka zinqunywe umncinci ukuze zenze isithsaba esiphantsi sesithsaba. Kunyaka kamva ukukhula kupheliswe. Ngokuziphatha kakuhle kwezi nkqubo, i-apula igcina ubutsha bayo ixesha elide, kwaye isiqhamo sinobukhulu obukhulu.

Iintlobo zeemapula ezitshiweyo zitsalwa kwiindawo apho amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba ahlala kumgama ongaphantsi kwe-1.5 m ukusuka phezulu. Umgama phakathi kwemithi kufuneka ube yi-2X3 okanye i-3x3 m. Iiparameters zomgodi wokungena:

• Ubunzulu: 50 cm;
• Ububanzi: 60-70 cm.

Uluhlu oluphezulu lomhlaba, olususwe ekumbeni umgodi, kufuneka lufakwe ngokwahlukileyo kulo lonke ubukhulu bomhlaba ogqitywe.

Kwindawo yomhlaba othungwayo, faka ibhakethi ye-humus, udibanise kunye nomqolo ophezulu womhlaba, uthele ibhakethi yamanzi uze udibanise kwakhona.

Inkqubo yeengcambu zezimbewu zifakwe kwi-mass mass and filled with earth. Isayithi lokugonywa kufuneka libe ngu-2-3 cm ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba. Umhlaba kufuneka ulungelelaniswe kunye nobubanzi besigxina, okwenza u-roller uphezulu ukuya kwi-10 cm ukuphakamisa ukunkcenkceshela.

Ngeendlela ezizodwa zokunyamekela izityalo

Kubalulekile ukuba umbuzo wintoni unonophelo ofuna i-aple encinci (iintlobo). Ukuphonononga, ukunyamekela imithi kufuneka ifundwe kwangaphambili, nangaphambi kokuba kuthengwe.

Iintlobo zeemapula ezinamaqhekeza zizintlonelo ekunyamekeleni.

Ngexesha lehlobo, imithi idinga ukunisela (1-2 iibhakethi zamanzi kanye ngeveki). Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukondla:

• Ukuxutywa kwe-mullein (1:10). Emanzini (iibhakethi ezili-10) uchithe i-mullein (ibhakethi elingu-1), ukuvuthwa (ukunyanzelisa) iintsuku eziyi-10-12. Ukukhulelwa komphumo (1 L) kupheliswa ngo-10 L wamanzi.
• Ukudonsa inkukhu (1:20). Isisombululo somgquba wenkukhu (ibhakethi eli-1) lizaliswe kwiibhakethi zamanzi ezingama-20, zivuthwe (zinyanzelisiwe) iintsuku eziyi-10-12. Emva koko, i-0.5 ilitha yomxube obangelwayo ihlanjululwa kwi-10 ilitha amanzi.

Iintlobo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-bhakethi ye-1 yomthi. Emva kokunisela okanye imvula edlulileyo, umhlaba kufuneka ukhululeke. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuphela ngo-Agasti, kwiindawo ezininzi ezisemantla - ekupheleni kukaJulayi.

Ukunyamekela imithi yamapula eqolileyo: entwasahlobo

Ngentwasahlobo, ngokukhawuleza xa ilanga liqala ukufudumala, ama-heaters kufuneka asuswe kwimipula, apho imithi yayikukhuselekileyo ebusika, emva koko iqhutyelwa ukucoca. Amasebe abonakaliswe yiqabunga kufuneka anqunywe. Kwakhona, kufuneka uhlolisise ngokukhawuleza isithsaba, ususe iinambuzane ezikhoyo. Emva koko, izichumiso zisetyenziselwa imithi ye-apula, zisusa ilagi emfutshane kunye nemitshini kwaye iyitshise. Umhlaba kufuneka ugubiwe ubunzulu be-5-7 cm, kwii- trunks kufuneka ziqaliswe ubunzima (eziqulethe i-microelements, zizalise umhlaba) kunye ne-nitrojeni equkethe (ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zityalo). Kwimozulu ecacileyo, iinqununu zihlambulukile.

Ngethuba lentsholongwane, ukuchithwa kwexesha lesithathu kwemithi enezisombululo ezizodwa zenziwa:

• Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuvuvukala kweentso;
• Ngexesha lokuvuvukala;
• Emva kokuba ihluma ihluma.

Inkqubo inqanda izilwanyana kunye nezifo ezifayo. Ngaphambi kokuvuswa kwezinambuzane, kufuneka kube nemingciphelo yamanzi: izibatha, izigxobo ezifakwe kwiibhanti zabazingeli.

Imisebenzi yokunyamekela imithi evuthiwe ehlobo

Ngethuba lokuqala kwehlobo, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ngokubanzi umhlaba kufuphi nemipula kunye nemeko yemithi ngokwawo. Ngeli xesha lonyaka, unesi-nkcazo iququzelele ngexesha lokunisela kunye nokulwa nezilwanyana (unyango lwemithi egulayo kunye nezityalo ezininzi ezimileyo nesisombululo esisodwa xa sifumaneka).

Ngeli xesha, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwefestile kwenziwa. Ngethuba elitshisayo, izityalo ezincinci zondliwa nge nitrogen. Ukuba kunqongophala kweyiphi na into elandelwayo, izityalo zifuthwe ngekhambi elikhethekileyo elinokukwazi ukubonelela ngemithi ye-apple nayo yonke into efunekayo. Ngokunqongophala kwentsimbi (okwenzeka rhoqo), izityalo ziphathwa nge-sulfate yesinyithi.

Ukunyamekela kwekwindla kwemithi ye-apula evuthiwe

Ixesha lekwindla ixesha lokuvuna. Emazantsi komthi we-apula, yonke inkunkuma kufuneka isuswe: amaqabunga awele, amagatsha namaapulo - ukwenzela ukukhusela ukubonakala kwefungus nokubola. Kwakhona kunyanzelekile ukwenza izichumisi zamaminerali, ukucima amagatsha awonakaliswe yizinambuzane okanye enomnye umonakalo.

Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuyikhupha umhlaba kufuphi nemithi ye-apula: ukuphazamisa ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal yobusuku busika bezinambuzane. Kubalulekile ukukhusela iinqwelo ezivela kwiigundane, ukufudumala ngezinto zokuphahlalisa, ukubeka iibheyithi zegundane.

I-apple yomdaka: iintlobo, ukuphononongwa, iinzuzo

• Ubuncinane bemithi buvumela ukuba utyala inani elikhulu kwiziko.
• Ngaphambili kunomyezo oqhelekileyo, ukuveliswa kwezihlahla eziqingqiweyo kuqala: ngokuqhelekileyo kunyaka wesi-3 emva kokutyala. Umzekelo, iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi abasebenzisi baqatshelwa ekuqaleni, ukuqala ukuvelisa umnyaka wesithathu emva kokungena. Ubude bexesha lokutsalwa kwezi zityalo zi malunga neentsuku ezili-150, isivuno singama-130 kg ukusuka komthi omnye.
• Isivuno semithi emininzi sikhula ngokukhawuleza rhoqo ngonyaka kwaye asifani nendima zeemapula ezikhulayo. Ngoko, abalimi basePolissya kunye neNgingqi engeyiyoMnyama bayaphendula ngokufanelekileyo kwiintlobo "zokuncibilika", "ngentla-synapse", "i-Antonovka" ikhuliswe yindlela yokwenza i-dwarfish ifakwe. Ezi ntlobo azidingi ukunakekelwa okhethekileyo, ziyaziwa ngokuveliswa kwezivuno eziphezulu, kwaye zihlala ziqhelekileyo kunezo zifuyo eziphakamileyo ezikhulayo.
• Isivuno sezidalwa eziqhelekileyo zemithi: 1 ixesha kwiminyaka emi-2, kwizityalo ezincinci - kanye ngonyaka.
• Ngenxa yokukhula okuphantsi kwemithi evela kubo, kulula ukuvuna, ukulandela ukuvuthwa kwemithi. Akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokusika amagatsha. Abagadi bezolimo baqaphela ukuhambelana kwezithsaba zeentlobo ezininzi ezincinci kunye nokukhula kwabo okuphantsi: "i-synap yasentla", "melba", "i-Antonovka" kunye nabanye abantu abaneminyaka eyi-10 banokuphakama kwama-2.5 m.
• Ukukhula okuncinci kwemithi ye-apula kunye ne-branching engabalulekiyo yesithsaba kufuna ukutya okuncinci, okubangela ukwandiswa kwesondlo sesityalo.
• Ukufakwa kwenkqubo engcambu kummandla womhlaba kuvumela ukuba umthi uphendule ngokukhawuleza ukuchumisa kunye nokunisela. Ngaloo ndlela, imipula ye-"melbas", "inyakatho synap", "i-Antonovka", ngokubhekiselele kuhlolisiso, ayikwazi ukutsalwa emigodini. Abagadi beligadi bacebisa ukuba bathulule iinduli ezincinci, malunga no-30 cm ubude baze kube ngu-100 cm ububanzi, ukuze bajonge kwaye batyale imithi apho, kunye nehafu engaphezulu kwesigxina. Le ndlela yokutyala iya kuqinisekisa ngonyaka wokuqala ukukhula ukusuka kwindawo yokungena kwi-root system. Ababhali beengxelo bayaphawula ukuba akukho mfuneko yokunisela rhoqo imithi yamapula. Imithi yeentlobo "iipeya zommandla waseMoscow", "ubuzalwana", "i-snowdrop", ngokubhekiselele kuhlolisiso, zifuna ukuthambisa rhoqo ngexesha lokuqala kwehlobo emva kokutyala. Imithi emdala yenza kakuhle ngaphandle kokunkcenkceshela.
• Ubuncinane bemithi bavumela ukuba basebenzise isichumisi esincinci, kwaye banciphise indleko yokutshiza.
• Ukukhula kancinci kwemithi ye-apula kuncedisa ukwandisa ngexesha lokulungiselela ukulala kwasebusika, ngoko abayikwesaba ikhefu leqhwa. Abasebenzisi baqaphele ukumelana neqabunga, kunye nokuchasana nezifo ezinjengebusika njenge "snowdrop", №57-145, №57-233. Ibanga lokugqibela liyi-dwarfish, ukuxhatshazwa kweqabunga kunezo zonke iintlobo eziyaziwayo: iingcambu zomthi zibekezelele ukushisa kwamazinga angama-degrees ama-Celsius angama-16. Kwakhona abaninzi abalobi beenqaku zokujonga ukuba iintlobo ezinokuthi zincinci zenzeke ngakumbi, xa zithelekiswa nezona zincinci. Isistim esisisiseko sibavumela ukuba banike isityalo esikhulu ngokukhululeka komthi.

Iingxaki

• Ubomi bemihlathi ye-apple engamaqhekeza isiqingatha ngokude kubazalwana babo abade. Kodwa kukho ukudibanisa kule ndawo - inokuthi ithathe indawo yezinto ezihlukahlukeneyo kwiminyaka engama-20 kunye nezinto ezininzi zamanje.
• Ukufumanisa iingcambu kufuphi nomhlaba kunobungozi bokuqhwala. Ukufudumala ngokusisiseko kwenkqubo yeengcambu kuyimfuneko.
• Ukufunyanwa kweengcambu kufuneke ukuba kubakho umhlaba ocebileyo.
• Isivuno esiphezulu semithi ye-apula maxa wambi sikhokelela kumgangatho ophantsi wesiqhamo sawo. Ukuchithwa kwemithi kukhokelela ekuveleni okungaqhelekanga. Ukuze kupheliswe, kuyimfuneko ukunqumla i-inflorescences ezingaphezulu.
• Umthwalo wezityalo ngamanye amaxesha ukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemithi emincinci. Ukukhusela oku, inkxaso ekhethekileyo yamasebe kunye ne-trunk kufuneka ifakwe.

Iintlobo zebhanti eliphakathi

Kuyaziwa ukuba kwimithi yezithelo ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo kuxhomekeke ngqo kwiimeko zemozulu.

Abagadi bezolimo bawakhumbule amagama okhokho wokhetho lwasekhaya IV Michurin malunga nesidingo sokwenza ulwahlulo lwezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokuqwalasela ukukwazi ukwenza imithi ye-apula ukuxhathisa izifo zale ndawo okanye ibhande le-climatic kunye ne-frost resistance.

Ngasentla sithe sathetha iiplone ze-aple ezona ziqingqiweyo zommandla waseMoscow (iintlobo). Iingcamango zabalimi zikhankanya ngokunxulumene neemebri, kunye nangemithi echithwe ngokugqithisileyo ngokwemiqathango eyahlukileyo yokukhula.

Ummandla waseMoscow ungummandla webhanti eliphakathi, ulungele ukukhula kwangoko, ukuvuna phakathi kweentlobo kunye nexesha elide.

Ezi sele ziqhelekileyo:

• Iintlobo zehlobo "uMelba", "candy";
• Kwekwindla "iZhiguli", "ekwindla emilenze";
• Ubusika "amapheya endlu yaseMoscow", "iqhawe", "inqabana", "i-necklace yaseMoscow", "lobo" (uhlobo olutshanje oluneentsholongwane eziqhamo, kunye nokuqulunqwa kwemveliso, ubusika obunzima bemithi).

Ukuhlakulela "abantu abancinci" eTatarstan

Abalimi be-Amateur, ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo oluqhubekayo, bathetha ngokuzithemba ukuba iTatarstan yindawo efanelekileyo yeemozulu apho kunokwenzeka khona ukukhulisa imithi yamapula (iintlobo). Ukuphonononga, iTatarstan apho kuthethwa khona ngokukhawuleza, qiniseka ukuba kule ndawo ungayifumana isivuno esihle.

Ngokomzekelo, kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo zaseTatarstan (i-Bugulminsko-Belebeevskaya Upland, apho amaqabunga afinyelela kuma-degrees angama-40 ebusika, i-spring yakutsha kunye neye-autumn frosts iyabonwa), abalimi bavelisa ngokuphumelelayo i-paradox 62-396, kunye ne-"pear yaseMoscow" kunye ne-insert ye-cut IParadesi.

Njengoko kulungele oku, abo balimi babiza iimeko ezimbini:

• Isiqulatho esihle sekhephu (sigcina ubushushu bomhlaba ukunciphisa ama-5-10 degrees kwiqondo lokushisa lomoya elingaphantsi kwama-35 degrees Celsius);
• Isikhuselo somhlaba esinzima (i-clayey and heavy loamy), inomdla wokubambelela kakuhle kwinkqubo yeengcambu, egcina umthi ungabikho kwiindawo zokuvuna.

Iimeko ezifanayo zinemibandela engalunganga ekujongene nayo: entwasahlobo umthi kufuneka ugqunywe ngaphantsi kwekhephu ukwenzela ukuba iqhwa leqhwa lichithe amagatsha.

Ukukhusela kumagundane ngenxa yeenkwenkwezi eziphakamileyo, isitshixo kufuneka sikhuliswe kumgangatho we-1.2-1.4 m kwaye ekwindla kufuneka ifakwe ngetata okanye i-ruberoid.

Ukulima kwemithi yamapula emininzi kwimimandla ye-Middle Volga ne-Southern Urals (iBashkiria)

Imithi ephantsi kwiimpahla ezincinci ziba zixhaphake phakathi kwabalimi kungekuphela kwinqanaba elingasentla, kodwa nakwiindawo ezinommandla onozulu, ezibandakanya indawo ye-Middle Volga kunye ne-Southern Urals (iBashkiria).

Kuphi enye indawo onokuyiphula imithi yamapula (iintlobo)? Ukuphononongwa, iBashkiria ikwakhankanywe kubo, bathi kule ndawo baninzi batyala olu hlobo lwemithi yamapula.

Into ekhangeleka kakhulu kubalimi imipula ye-apula enokuphakama ukuya kwi-3-3.5 m, ebonakala ngokukhawuleza kunye nezivuno eziphezulu:

• "Spartak", "kutuzovets", "Kuibyshev", "intombi ye-papyrovka", "iZhiguli" (uMmandla we-Middle Volga);
• "IBashkir handsome", "i-pear yaseMoscow", "i-mundane", "inqwaba yesilivere", "ubuzalwana" (iBashkiria).

Iintlobo zihambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezicathulo ze-clonal. Isivuno sokuqala kwi-rootstock esine-semi-dwarfish iqokelelwa iminyaka engama-3-4 emva kokutyala, isivuno semveliso iminyaka engama-4-5.

Imithi kwi-stocks encinci ayifanelekanga: iminyaka engama-2-3 bayeke ukukhula ngenxa yokulayishwa kweziqhamo. Xa uneminyaka engama-7-8 ivelisa iziqhamo ngezikhathi ezithile.

Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu zommandla (ukushisa kweqondo elimnyama ebusika lingaphantsi kwama-13-15 degrees, ehlotyeni - kunye no-60-64 degrees Celsius, ukuzala komhlaba kuphantsi) ukusuka kwicala elilungileyo libonise:

• Izimpande ze-Semi-dwarfish: E-56, 64-143, "Ural-11", E-63,54-118, "Ural-5";
• Iipresstocks zenyama: K-2, SPS-7, ingalo-18, i-R-60, i-Ural-1.

"Abanamantombazana" kwimimandla esezantsi

Imimandla yaseMzantsi, ngokukodwa, iRostov - indawo efanelekileyo yokukhuphula imithi yamapula. Kwaye nabalimi bezityalo zemifula emininzi (iintlobo). Ukuphonononga, isithili saseRostov, esithathwa njengommandla wokutshala ngokufanelekileyo imithi yamapula, ithi yokuqala yokuqala ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kumhlaba nakwimozulu.

Ngokuqinisekileyo kunconywa ukuba kukhule kule ndawo zilandelayo ziintlobo zemithi yeziqhamo kwiingcambu ezincinci kunye ne-semi-dwarfish:

• M1, M3 (ubude obuphakathi);
• M9, MM106, iparadigm (kunye nenxaxheba yengozi);
• 54-118, 3-3-35, 62-396, 3-5-44. 3-3-72, 3-1-76 (ubusika obuphezulu busika);
• Iiparadesi zaseSerdyukov (ubunzima bebusika obuphezulu).

Umthi we-apple wesiqhelo - isiko sithandwa ngenxa yeenzuzo ezingenakuphika phakathi kwabagadi beemimandla eyahlukileyo zelizwe.

Ukukhethwa kwezilwanyana ezincinci ezikhulayo ezifanelekileyo kummandla, ukunamathela kwimithetho yokutyala kunye nokunyamekela kuzo kuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu segadi eninzi ixesha elide.