Imizimba Small ngaphakathi kwi seli kukho icytoplasm. Igama, uhlobo kunye nendawo

Namhlanje siza kufunda indlela ebizwa imizimba ezincinane ngaphakathi kwiseli kukho icytoplasm. Sicela ukuba ukuqaqambisa injongo yabo neentlobo. Ngoko ke, iefa enkunzini entsha, afumaneka kukho icytoplasm yeseli, ebizwa plastids. Bona iindawo ebalulekileyo weseli. ezi Plastids kubaluleke kakhulu, indima yabo ebaluleke ngaphantsi kwezinye organelles cell.

Ngokumalunga iseli, ukuba iyunithi noshowo zonke esingqongileyo. Zonke izinto eziphilayo, yaye le ndoda ngokwayo - i "umyili" wadala kunye iiseli. Ukuba mancinane kakhulu, ngeliso lenyama bobona akunakwenzeka. I omaziyo lokuqala kunye iseli kunye organelles yayo yenzeka nangoku kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ngelixa abafundi Kumenywa okokuqala ukusebenza ngemicroscope. Ngoko ke, siye isihloko sethu.

plastids

Sele uthe kwintshayelelo ukuba imizimba ezincinane ngaphakathi kukho icytoplasm iiseli, ezo plastids kuyo. La organelles ebaluleke kakhulu weseli zezityalo. Ukuba inokufumaneka izityalo autotrophic. Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ukuba plastids zezi:

• DNA;
• RNA;
• iipateni for protein yokuqaphela.

Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, ukuze sikwazi ukubona izinto ezisisiseko umsebenzi plastids. Predictably, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngokuphathelele iintlobo zezi zilandelayo:

• chloroplasts;
• chromoplasts;
• leucoplasts;
• chromatophores (ulwelwe).

Bonke babe injongo ezahlukeneyo kunye nombala, njengokuba ifomu nganye kombala yayo ethile. Masenze ukulungisa kwaye wenze nesiphelo elifutshane: imizimba ezincinane ngaphakathi kukho icytoplasm yeseli - plastids. Bonke babe isakhiwo kwaye yahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezine (ngombala kunye function). Eyona umsebenzi uhlobo ngalunye - Yindibanisela kwezinto eziphilayo.

chloroplasts

imizimba ezincinane Green ngaphakathi kukho icytoplasm yeseli - it chloroplasts. umbala wabo kuxhomekeka yiklorofili, kombala langoku kwi plastid. Kwesinye ubizwa ngokuba ngombala carotenoid enehlala umbala-orenji. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba imilinganiso zabo ezincinane kakhulu, phezu kwesi sisekelo, chloroplasts esiseleni sheet kunokuba ibe ngaphezulu kwe mabini. Siye wabonisa ukuba lona lisiza kufuneka plastids ekuthiwa chromatophores, njalo njalo, ukuba ahluka yisayizi enkulu, ukuba ehokweni kunokuba-2 kuphela.

Apha kufuneka uqaphele nguwona msebenzi chloroplasts, nezibabandakanya ekuqhubeni photosynthesis.

chromoplasts

Ngoko ke, iefa enkunzini entsha, afumaneka kukho icytoplasm yeseli, ebizwa plastids. Ngayo esele siyichongile ngoku iintlobo eziphambili wosondeza ngamafuphi chromoplasts. Babe nokunika imibala ezininzi:

• yellow;
• orange;
• obomvu.

Singafumana nabo nje kuphela amagqabi, kodwa isiqhamo okanye iintyatyambo. Chromoplasts Isakhiwo akukho kwahluka isakhiwo kwezinye plastids. I matrix iqulathe isiseko protein, DNA kunye zombala.

Umsebenzi main - kukutsala ingqalelo izinambuzane izilwanyana ezitya iziqhamo, njengokuba iziqhamo chromoplasts ngedayi kunye neentyatyambo ngemibala eqaqambileyo.

leucoplasts

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba plastids bangatshintsha ukusuka kwesinye isimo ukuya kwesinye. Ngoko ke, leucoplast - uhlobo lwe ukhokho chloroplasts. Ngokuqinisekileyo sonke izityalo ekhaya. Ukuba unayo zokukhanya, umbala igqabi libunile yellow. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba iiseli zezi zityalo leucoplasts abakhoyo. Ukuba isityalo ekukhanyeni, ngoko leucoplasts iguqulelwa chloroplasts, ngoko ke isityalo liza kuba umbala sisityebi oluhlaza.