Imvelaphi igesi yendalo, koovimba zayo nemveliso. emasimini Irhasi yendalo eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe

I inzuzo, nokusingqongileyo kunye ipetroli ebalulekileyo namhlanje - yirhasi yendalo. Yintoni na le nto? Phi Sivela imvelaphi yerhasi yendalo yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo? Kubalulekile ukwazi, kunye nemfuneko, kuba Kwanele le nto ekrwada elide kangakanani - lukawonkewonke ukuba onke amazwe ehlabathini. Malunga le miba uxoxe kweli nqaku.

Irhasi yendalo: inkcazelo jikelele nokwakheka

Ngokutsho wesiNtu compound chemistry ukuchaza methane kokuba CH ifomula _4. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso ngokupheleleyo. Ngapha koko, igesi yendalo - iimveliso izimbiwa emhlabeni wethu. Kwaye ke ngeke ibe nyulu ngokupheleleyo. Lo mxube olulophu kukho ezininzi iimveliso sukube. Phakathi kwabo nathi ngokucacileyo lingubani organic kunye icandelo nezingaphiliyo.

Phakathi yangaphambili asezantsi ezinto iigesi ubunzima ezifana:

• methane;
• butane;
• propane.

Le yokugqibela ziquka iindidi zokutya:

• ubumdaka emanzini;
• hydrogen;
• helium;
• nitrogen;
• carbon dioxide.

Ngoko ke, iimpawu into zingenakuqinisekiswa yi lisalawula kuphela ukwakhiwa alkane. kakhulu ukuba baphenjelelwa ngu- kunye ukungcola. Noko ke, imvelaphi irhasi yendalo ukuze abantu abasebenza kunye naye eyaziwa kakuhle. Ngoko ke, iindlela lokucamagushela ixesha elide sele siphuhlisiwe kwaye ufake kwi ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Ukuchaza iimpawu compound, akazekeleli kakhulu amanqaku.

1. Ukuxinana kuyahlukana nedlela ngobume udibaniso, njengoko ukunyuka uxinzelelo mveliso nako kwegesi.
2. Kwi 6500 ⁰ C ekwaziyo umlilo okhawulezileyo, ngoko ke into Uyadubula.
3. Xa umxube nomoya kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo ezithile nayo onesimilo Uyadubula.
4. Phantse isiqingatha ubunzima umoya ke ngoko nako ukubaleka emoyeni eliphezulu.

Kukho kwakhona elikhethekileyo, apho intsimi igesi yendalo banzi kakhulu kunokuba. Uyakwazi ukuba imeko obuphathekayo umzimba njengenxalenye kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Iinkcukacha ziya sithethe ngale nto kamva.

Iindlela okwakha okanye imvelaphi yerhasi yendalo

Uyakwazi wobeka ezimbalwa iinketho ezingundoqo, apho ukusekwa kunye nokwanda kwe iyeza umbuzo.

1. Inkqubo yokubola yezinto eziphilayo ngenxa ekupheleni kobomi babo. Oku kungqinwa ingcamango biogenic. Le ndlela ke zamawaka ezigidi zeminyaka, kodwa ngenxa oko kukhokelele beqokelela irhasi eninzi yendalo kule planethi.
2. Formation of izakhiwo ukuphilisa, ekukhethwa ukuba buzinze emhlabeni. Le nkqubo yenziwa kwenzeka kuphela ukhetho yemida ezithile thermodynamic. Noko ke, kwinkulungwane XX kuye kufunyaniswe ukuba kukho igesi kunye nenani kwazo nje ezimangalisayo yandile yayo. Nkqu permafrost kugcina igesi yendalo ezinzulwini yayo sikarhulumente esiqinileyo.
3. Imvelaphi irhasi yendalo evela emajukujukwini ngenxa inani yokusabela ezithile. Ngoku kuvunyiwe ukuba phantse zonke iiplanethi benkqubo yethu iqanjwa legesi.

Nayiphi na indlela ngayo ukuze kuyilwa, kodwa enye into kuhlala ingatshintshanga: koovimba ayo ezinkulu, kodwa exhaustible.

deposit ezinkulu zomhlaba

oovimba World of irhasi yendalo luqikelelwa kwi-200,363 tcm ^3. Le datha zethuba elifikelela ku-2013. Kakade ke, eli nani ngobambana ebuhleni yayo. Kodwa musa ukulibala iindleko zakhe, nayo leyo nemalochislenny. Imveliso yonyaka malunga 3,646 triliyoni m ³ sale zokufunda ezizodwa zemvelo ehlabathini.

emasimini igesi yendalo ephambili ehlabathini ibekwe mazwe alandelayo:

• Russia;
• Iran;
• Qatar;
• Turkmenistan;
• US;
• Saudi Arabia;
• United Arab Emirates;
• EVenezuela nabanye.

Kukho ziphawulwe kuphela lizwe likhulu apho ukuba bazakukwazi ukuyikhupha izimbiwa. Ngokubanzi, iindawo apho le mveliso ifumaneka kumazwe 101.

Ukuba ubize ngokwakho na entsimini iidiphozithi, inkulu kuzo zezi zilandelayo:

• yegesi Hassi R'Mel (Algeria);
• Shah Deniz (Azerbaijan);
• Groningen (The Netherlands);
• Dhirubhay (India);
• North / South Pars (Iran Qatar, ngokulandelelana);
• Urengoy (Russia);
• Galkynysh (Turkmenistan).

Kuyinto ayinkulwanga nje, kunye nesigebenga kunye supergiant iindawo apho kanzulu ezininzi zonke irhasi eziphila yendalo.

emasimini Igesi eRashiya

Ukuba sithethe ngayo ilizwe lethu, oku kubizwa ngokuba malunga ne-14 nemithombo le nto ikhethekileyo. Eyona inkulu zezi:

• Urengoy;
• Leningrad;
• Yamburg;
• ukula;
• Bovanenkovo;
• Zapolyarnoe.

Ezisibhozo kuba akukho zolondolozo omkhulu onjalo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kwintlalo-ntle lwelizwe lethu. Ngokubanzi, namasimi igesi yendalo eRashiya zezona zininzi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe. imithombo ezininzi, bobabini akummandla wethu, ayifumaneki kwenye indawo.

oovimba igesi qikelelo ehlabathini

Ukususela amanani inqaku ngasentla ukuze negesi kunye nokusetyenziswa, kwakunye mali koovimba bayo, kucacile ukuba ziya kuba malunga 55 ubudala ngexesha ekuqikelelwa ukusetyenziswa yonke imithombo! Yinto encinane kakhulu, ngoko ngoku ukusebenza luyaqhubeka kule ndawo.

Izazi efanayo kwangaphambili ngokuphathelene ioli. An into umdla kukuba isambuku izinto ekrwada kuhlala ukusuka emntwini efihlakeleyo kwi permafrost kunye emazantsi olwandle ngohlobo ezigcina ukuphilisa gas. Ukuba nabaphandi ukusombulula ingxaki yokurisayikilisha kunye nokuphuhlisa iindlela zemveliso, ngoko iingxaki igesi neoli iya kusonjululwa iminyaka emininzi ezayo.

Kodwa ke ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ihlala kuphela ephupheni nethemba nokholo ezingqondweni eqaqambileyo kunye nombono abantu bafunda ihlabathi lethu.

iindlela zemigodi

negesi yendalo yenziwa ngokwe iindlela kunye neendlela ezithile. Eyona nto kukuba ubunzulu bayo kufikelela iikhilomitha eziliqela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, zifuna nesilungiselelwe ngokukodwa inkqubo entsha, kukho izixhobo zale mihla kunye namandla.

Iindlela zokuvelisa isekelwe ekudaleni umahluko xi phakathi dami igesi kunye nomoya engaphandle esesibhakabhakeni. Ngenxa yoko usebenzisa imveliso Impontshelwa baphuma equleni behleli-apho, kunye novimba Igcwele ngamanzi.

Imithombo agrunjiwe kwindlela ethile, efana ileli. Oku kungenxa yokuba:

• Oku kugcina isithuba kwaye lugcina ukuthembeka izinto ngexesha imveliso, kuba irhasi ukungcola (emanzini hydrogen, umzekelo) ziyingozi kakhulu izixhobo;
• Oku kukuvumela ukuba asasaze uxinzelelo ngakumbi ngokulinganayo kuhla;
• ngale ndlela unako ukungena ukuba ubunzulu-12 km, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukufunda isakhiwo lithospheric elingaphakathi komhlaba.

Ngenxa yoko, negesi yendalo kakhulu yimpumelelo, ilula kwaye kakuhle. Xa imveliso isusiwe, iya kuthunyelwa khona. Ukuba mveliso imichiza, ize apho ke icocwe kwaye ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ngakumbi mveliso eyahlukeneyo.

Ngokukodwa, ngeenjongo zasekhaya kufuneka nje nihlamba imveliso, kodwa ukongeza odorants - iikhompawundi ezizodwa ukunika livumba elibukhali. Oku kwenziwa ngeenjongo zokhuseleko xa ukuvuza ngaphakathi.

zokuhamba igesi

Xa igesi yendalo, oko yahlangana salungiselela kwezothutho. Kuliwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

1. Mome. Eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo, nangona kunjalo, yeyona iyingozi. Kulo mzekelo, ihamba igesi imveliso onokuba ukuvuza kunye dubulo. Ngoko ke, le ndlela nje zilandelayo ngongoma isiguquli, injongo kukugcina uxinzelelo ukunyuselwa imveliso eqhelekileyo.
2. Ukusetyenziswa LNG - zidlula ezikhethekileyo ekwaziyo yokuthutha umbandela kwegesi. Le ndlela yeyona ikhuselekileyo, kuba irhasi engamanzi ayikho neziqhushumbisi kananjalo engakwazi self-ngokwayo.
3. Qeqesha usebenzisa tank-iinqwelo.

Indlela apho igesi ithuthwa kuxhomekeke umgama kwindawo lokufika kunye isixa imveliso.

Sibonakaliso esingqongileyo

Ukususela ngokombono inkalo yendalo amafutha akukho nyulu ngaphezu eziphilayo ngaphezu igesi yendalo. Emva iimveliso omlilo wayo - amanzi kunye carbon dioxide. Akukho ezikhutshwayo ngaphandle wokusungula imvula acid.

Noko ke, kule meko, kusekho ingxaki - i "greenhouse effect." Kuyinto zemali carbon dioxide emoyeni, nto leyo evusa utshintsho yehlabathi kwemozulu. Kulo mba kwaye umsebenzi izazinzulu onke amazwe, ukususela ngexesha lokugqibela ike ezenzekayo kwaye efanelekileyo.

Nakuba kunjalo, okoko nje negesi neoli - ke eziphambili kwezimbiwa zokubasa, ukuba bakhonze indoda leyo isibaso.